Implementation Of Children's Rights Research Articles

Economic factors affecting implementation of childrens rights policies in Nakuru County, Kenya

Children rights are fundamental freedoms with particular attention to the rights of special protection and care afforded to minors. Kenya has many children policies in place. This study sought to investigate economic and factors working against the implementation of these policies. This study was carried out, in order to contribute to the exploration of the multiple facets of the problems, particularly those that are related to the implementation of children rights policies; and suggest correct strategies geared toward implementation of such policies.This study used case study design where the researcher purposefully selected a typical case. The study adopted a total population sampling and purposive sampling. The researcher used semi structured questionnaires and focus group discussions to collect data. An average of 78% said that economic factors affect implementation of children rights. It emerged that the following policy options should be pursued to enhance implementation of children rights policies in the county. Monitoring and evaluation, Legal and procedural approaches, substantive criteria, performance management evaluation.

Influence of Korean-Chinese mothers’ awareness of young children’s rights on their implementation of child rights

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 유아기 자녀를 둔 국내 거주 조선족 어머니의 유아권리에 대한 인식 및 가정에서의 자녀권리존중 실행 수준을 알아보고, 어머니의 유아권리 인식이 자녀권리존중 실행에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것이다. 또한, 어머니의 배경 특성에 따라 인식 및 실행 수준에 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 방법: 경기도 지역의 유아교육기관에 재원하는 만 3~5세 유아의 학부모 중 조선족 어머니 152명을 대상으로 유아권리에 대한 인식, 자녀권리존중 실행에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료에 대해 기술통계분석, 독립표본 t검증 및 일원배치 분산분석(one-way ANOVA), 상관분석, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 국내에 거주하는 조선족 어머니의 유아권리에 대한 인식 및 실행은 전반적으로 높은 수준을 보였으나, 유아의 능동적 권리를 강조하는 발달권, 참여권에 대한 인식과, 배려, 참여, 의사존중 영역에서의 실행 수준은 상대적으로 낮았다. 어머니의 인식 및 실행 수준은 어머니 연령과 한국 거주기간에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 부모교육에 참여한 경험이 있는 어머니의 자녀권리존중 실행 수준이 더 높게 나타났다. 어머니의 유아권리에 대한 인식과 실행 수준은 높은 정적상관을 보였으며, 어머니의 권리 인식은 자녀권리존중 실행에 유의한 영향을 주었다. 결론: 유조선족 어머니들이 유아기 자녀를 건강하고 안전하게 보호할 뿐만 아니라, 유아의 능동적인 권리를 이해하고 존중할 수 있도록 지원하는 것이 중요하다. 조선족 어머니의 자녀권리존중 실행 수준을 높이기 위해서는 유아권리에 대한 인식을 함양해야 하며, 교육 프로그램 개발 시 어머니의 한국 거주기간을 비롯한 문화적 배경을 고려할 필요가 있다.Objectives: This study examines the general tendency of awareness and implementation of young children’s rights among Korean-Chinese mothers living in South Korea. We examine whether the mothers’ awareness of child rights influences their implementation of child rights in a family context. We also test whether there is any difference in these tendencies of awareness and implementation of child rights depending on mothers’ characteristics. Methods: Data were collected from 152 Korean-Chinese mothers of young children attending daycare centers or kindergartens located in Gyeonggi Province. Respondents were asked about their awareness and implementation of young children’s rights. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The Korean-Chinese mothers exhibited high levels of awareness and implementation of young children’s rights. However, the level of awareness was relatively low in the areas that emphasize children’s active roles including the child’s rights to development and participation. The level of implementation was relatively low in the areas of care, participation, and respect for the views of the child. The mothers’ awareness and implementation of child rights differed depending on their age and length of stay in South Korea. The implementation level of child rights was higher when the mothers participated in parental education. There was a high positive correlation between the awareness and implementation of child rights, and the awareness level significantly predicted the implementation of child rights. Conclusions: The Korean-Chinese mothers should be supported so that they not only protect their young children to be safe and healthy but also understand and respect the children’s participatory rights. In order to improve the mothers’ implementation level of child rights, it is important to promote the mothers’ awareness of child rights and to consider their cultural background such as the length of stay in South Korea.

Right to health: Pediatric nurses’ views on the hospitalized child

ObjectivesThis study aimed (a) to determine the views of pediatric nurses regarding their roles and responsibilities in the implementation of child rights in healthcare services and children's right to participate in implementations related to their treatment and care, and (b) to examine the relation between these views and sociodemographic features. MethodThis cross-sectional study included 335 pediatric nurses recruited in public hospitals in a province located in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The data were collected using a digital questionnaire that included variables to determine the sociodemographic features of the participants and their views on the implementation of child rights in healthcare services and children's right to participate in decision-making about their health and care. The final number of the participants in this study was 321 nurses (96% of the population). ResultsMost of the participants stated that they agreed with the implementation of child rights in healthcare services adopted by UNICEF. However, the participants’ views on the implementation of child rights in healthcare services were affected by variables such as age, gender, marital status, level of education, the state of having children, and the number of years in the profession. Overall, 87.9% of the participants stated that children had the right to participate in the decision-making about their own health and care at an early age. the variables of marital status, educational level, the state of having children, and number of years in the profession affected the participants’ views about children's right to actively participate in their health care. ConclusionThe majority of pediatric nurses agreed with the implementation of child rights in healthcare services. Moreover, the variables of age, gender, marital status, educational level, the state of having children, and the number of years in the profession were significantly relevant to the views of pediatric nurses regarding child rights.

Pre-verbal Children's Participation in a New Key. How Intersubjectivity Can Contribute to Understanding and Implementation of Child Rights in Early Childhood.

Children’s participation and involvement has increasingly been on the agenda for the last few decades. The right for children to participate was established in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). However, even though the UNCRC gives the right to participate to all children, national policy and practice seems to draw a line on verbal language and exclude pre-verbal infants from participation. The spur of this paper is to challenge the exclusion of infants, to describe how pre-linguistic children communicate their intentions, and to show how an understanding of children’s participation grounded in intersubjectivity, can inform and reframe the participation of all children as being fundamentally about close relationships with sensitive and containing adults who look within themselves for the voice of the child. The infant’s proto-conversational narrative communicates interests and feelings through sympathetic rhythms of what infant researchers have named “communicative musicality,” and it can surface in the mother’s narrative about the child and their relationship. Intersubjectivity oppose the monadic view of man as separate and left only to imitate others and claims that humans from the very start are intertwined in a fundamental thirdness of co-created reality. Infants are powerful communicators who actively engage in intersubjective relationships with their caretakers only days after birth, and newborns actively influence and even control the mental process of those who communicate with them. Early childhood participation then, would be to find within ourselves the voice of the child. A research project building on the theories and ideas described in the first part of the article, is presented.

Parents and Children’s Awareness and Knowledge of Child Rights Act and Its Application on Children in Nigeria

The study assessed the level of awareness and knowledge of parents and children in the Child Rights Act and determined the level of implementation of Child Rights. The study adopted a survey research design. The population consisted of parents from the major three ethnic groups (Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba) in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The multi-stage sampling procedure was employed for the study. The sample size consisted of 120 parents and 120 children. Two self-designed instruments were administered on the participants. Three research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested. The data obtained were analyzed using frequency count, percentage, and One- Way ANOVA. The results revealed that (51.7%) of parents and (53.3%) of children were aware of the Child Rights Act. It further revealed that 76.7% of parents had a high level of knowledge of Child Rights. It also revealed the level of implementation of some specific rights by the parents. Also, the results revealed that there was a significant difference between the level of awareness and knowledge of parents based on their various tribes at 0.05 significant level(p<0.5). The findings provided information on aspects of child rights that parents need to pay more attention to so as not to deny the children of the rights.

The implementation of child rights in healthcare services.

Hospitalized children have the right to "partake in practices related to their treatment and care." Midwives and nurses have important roles and responsibilities regarding the protection and enforcement of these rights, such as providing information and advocating for children. This study aims to determine the attitudes of midwives and nurses toward their roles and responsibilities in the implementation of child rights in healthcare services and the factors affecting their attitudes. This descriptive cross-sectional study included 122 midwives and nurses in total. The data were collected through a questionnaire. Written permission was obtained from an ethics committee in the center of the city where the research was conducted. The mean age of the participants was 36.70 ± 8.03 years; 58.9% of midwives and nurses stated that they understood the child's consent about the treatment by looking at the child's facial expression; 36% of midwives and nurses stated that children could not participate in decisions regarding their own health. It was observed that obtaining the child's consent in matters related to treatment does not make any difference between midwives and nurses. The rate of the midwives stating that they would report suspicious violence-neglect and abuse was found to be higher. The variables of the unit of employment, the state of having children, choosing the profession and practicing in it willingly, and getting training on children's rights make a difference in terms of children's rights in healthcare services. Midwives and nurses should be reminded of child rights in healthcare services through regular in-service training programs.

KESIAPAN KABUPATEN SUMBAWA MENJADI KABUPATEN LAYAK ANAK (Ditinjau dari Aspek Penguatan Kelembagaan dan Implementasi Pemenuhan Hak Anak)

Sumbawa District is one of the districts that have a violent figure against the highest children in West Nusa Tenggara province. Based on the P2TP2A data of Sumbawa Regency, the number of cases of violence against children in 2017 amounted to 55 cases and there was an increase in the number of cases of child violence in 2018 IE 66 cases. This is not in line with the policy of the local government of Sumbawa district to create a child-worthy district (KLA). This research aims to identify institutional strengthening and implementation of child rights fulfillment in Sumbawa district. The research method used is participatory action research involving regional device organization (OPD) which has duties and functions in fulfilling children's rights. The result of this action research is that the implementation of child rights can not be done completely by the local government, this is due to institutional capacity has not been adequate because of the weak coordination between OPD and the unavailability of action plans Area (RAD).

Examination of the Implementation of Children’s Rights in North-Central, Nigeria

An examination of the implementation of Children's Right Act was carried out in North Central Nigeria. A multistage approach was adopted to select Kwara, Niger and Plateau States and 600 respondents that supplied information on the questionnaire. A total of 564 copies of questionnaire were returned, simple percentages and bar charts were used to analyze the demographic characteristics of the respondents and responses to the statements. The study revealed that there were several prevailing situations that are inhibiting the full implementation of Children Rights Act in North Central Nigeria. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends among others that all bottlenecks militating against the full implementation of Children's Rights should be removed, juvenile courts where cases of child abuse and related offences should be established where child abusers would be tried.

Effectiveness of international fund in the implementation of child rights: CSO perspective

The fulfilment of child rights in Indonesia has been implemented by various parties including Community Social Organization (CSO). This study discusses the effectiveness of international fund in the implementation of child’s rights. Article 4 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) stated that state party will fulfil the rights of the child through international cooperation. CSOs with headquarters located in Medan, who manage the international funds in conducting children programs are acting as informants to this research. Depth interviews and Focus Group discussions were used as tools to obtain relevant information. The study figured out that CSOs had cooperation in implementation the child rights in Sumatera Utara Province. They cooperated with international agencies namely IOM, ACT-Japan and Catholic Relief Service. CSOs also manage to access international funds through (a) call for proposals and (b) establishing intensive communications with donor agencies. As conclusion, the use of international fund is proven to be effective based on (1) able to implement CSOs vision and mission, (2) CSOs are able to achieve program output, for example: palm oil company raise it awareness on child right and the impact to the children to access their education right especially in palm plantation area which is usually located in remote and isolated area.

Prospective Teachers’ Opinions Concerning Children’s Rights

Consideration of the child as a social being and his/her not having the power of self-protection have propounded the significance of children’s rights. Teachers are important to educate the individual. Prospective teachers who will be teachers of the future will have a considerable amount of presidency. Thus, the main objective of this research is to reveal the opinions of prospective teachers regarding children rights. Among the qualitative research methods, phenomenological research method has been adopted in this study. Among the participants of the study were 30 prospective teachers who were senior students from three different teacher education programs from a university placed in Turkey. Participants were from the departments of preschool teacher education (n=10), primary school teacher education (n=10) and social studies teacher education (n=10). Data were collected through a structured interview and analyzed by means of content analysis method. According to the findings, most prospective teachers believe that children possess differences in their educational settings, family life, economical situations and their environment that they are being raised. Hence, almost all of them stated inequality among children. Regarding implementation of child rights in the families, all prospective teachers have regarded child at an important position within the family; however, they have mentioned that families did not pay required attention to children’s right. According to prospective teachers, families should realize child as an individual, look after their rights and pay respect to children’s opinions. Furthermore, implementation of children’s rights at schools highlighted two views: The first one stress that schools are not provided required sensitivity to children’s rights, and secondly children show discipline problems in school due to limitless freeness provided for them. Regarding helping children for comprehending their rights, prospective teachers mentioned importance of reaching the large masses by means of mass media and raising the awareness of families through activities such as seminars.

Implementation of Child Rights in the Children's Homes in Malaysia

The objective of this study was to examine the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in the Children Homes under the Social Welfare Department (SWD) in Malaysia. Data was collected from 402 registered children who were staying in six Children Homes across the country. This study employed self‐report surveys where multiple data collection methods, such as face‐to‐face structured interviews, key informant interviews (KIIs), and documentation survey, were used. The study found that the SWD failed to comply with most of the commitments of CRC in Children Homes at its implementation level, and it is still needs based. The findings of this study present important guidelines for government and policy makers in improving child welfare services in the Children Homes in Malaysia.

The relationship between children's rights and business

While the connection between business and human rights is beginning to be elaborated in international affairs, there continues to be a significant lack of understanding and academic analysis about the relationship between business and children. International children's rights are more than a legal concern, they provide a framework to interpret and assess situations, and to implement and monitor change. This article poses two questions. First, how can child rights influence the roles and efforts of business? Second, how can business respect and support the implementation of child rights? It is argued that children's rights are a business concern. Furthermore, children's rights can and should influence business relationships, structures, processes and outcomes. Accordingly, this relationship is explored through consideration of the roles and pertinent efforts of states, international organisations, business and young people themselves. The specific contributions of the ‘Children's Rights and Business Principles’ produced in 2012 by UNICEF, Save the Children, and The Global Compact, the General Comment on State Obligations (2013) from the United Nations (UN) Committee on the Rights of the Child and the UN ‘Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights’ (2011) are evaluated. This article identifies some successes and challenges of these and other initiatives typically understood to reflect corporate social responsibility (CSR). A conceptual model is proposed to support the consideration of child rights in business relationships, structures, processes and outcomes as they affect children.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS IN A PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION: PEDAGOGUES' POINT OF VIEW

Children's rights and responsibilities are equally important; each right of the child is related to a responsibility and the state is responsible for the determination and implementation thereof. Today children's rights are protected by laws, regulated in various documents; public educational programmes are being created, institutions are being established not only in Lithuania but also abroad. The objective of this article is to disclose possibilities of implementation of children's rights in a preschool educational institution. Theoretic aspects of implementation of children's rights in a preschool educational institution are discussed, peculiarities of children's rights implementation possibilities in preschool educational institutions are analysed in the article. A research is presented in the article wherein 240 preschool education pedagogues participated. The research results show that possibilities of implementation of the rights of the child in a preschool education institution are maximum: application of proper measures; cooperation of parents whose children attend preschool educational institutions and pedagogues; solution of problems emerged by using the help of children's rights experts. It was discovered that implementation of children's rights in preschool educational institutions is taking place smoothly, no major problems and violations are noticed and the problems emerged are being solved. KEYWORDS: child, rights of the hild, a preschool educational institution, implementation, possibilities.

LGBTI Discrimination and Parent-Child Relationship: Cross Border Mobility of Rainbow Families in the European Union

One of the most critical issues in the landscape of the Member States of the European Union is the recognition in other Countries of the parent–child relationship within ‘rainbow families’. The parenthood of partners of same sex couple is acknowledged in Spain and the Netherlands. In other countries laws offer a timid and partial protection against discrimination of the children of same sex couples. In the majority of countries, however, there is still no legislative provision recognizing and protecting a child’s relationship with one of the partners of a same sex relationship. This legal fragmentation threatens freedom of movement within the European Union and challenges the principle of discrimination between children, only on the base of the sexual orientation of the partners in the family. By scrutinizing the distortion of the framework of fundamental rights (as recognized within the European Union) and by raising the awareness that European citizenship includes a new dimension of individuals’ protection, the paper will investigate political and juridical issues, in relation to the implementation of children rights and mutual recognition between the States. The innovation of this approach lies in the mutual recognition of the forms of protection and on the study of the available case law at the European level. The analysis will be aimed to the fundamental protection of children and to the enforcement of all the measures which are necessary for the full protection of the best interests of the children.

A Study on NGO Services for Children in Mumbai, India

Abstract: The present research was conducted to study NGOs services for children in Mumbai through a child rights perspective. The study was exploratory in nature and aimed to assess the implementation of child rights by the NGOs. 35 NGOs working for children in the city of Mumbai comprised the sample and were studied using a questionnaire and rating scale as tools. Findings revealed that education (74 percent) and health (54 percent) were the most common concerns of the organizations. Only 17 percent of the NGOs considered child rights to be a concern. The NGOs implemented the right to participation better than any other right. The right to survival was, however, grossly neglected. It was concluded that there are several gaps and areas of lack in the services offered to children. There is also an urgent need to spread awareness amongst the NGO workers themselves to make child rights a part of organizational mandates.

Witchcraft stigmatization in Nigeria: Challenges and successes in the implementation of child rights

Witchcraft stigmatization is increasingly identified as a growing human rights concern. The stigmatization of children as witches and resultant child rights abuse is particularly prevalent in Nigeria, and has been recognized as a major barrier to the effective implementation of child rights in this state. Witchcraft-related abuse entails significant violations of a range of children’s rights, and is yet to receive adequate or effective policy responses from government. Whilst Civil Society Organizations have attempted to address this issue, significant practical and conceptual challenges to their work remain.

CRC General Comment 7 Indicators Framework: A Tool for Monitoring the Implementation of Child Rights in Early Childhood

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) has universal recognition as the main human rights treaty providing international standards and a yardstick for fulfillment of children's rights. The Convention stipulates a monitoring system for countries that signed up to it. This system places international legal obligation on countries to write periodic reports to the Committee on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) as the monitoring body of the Convention. The monitoring Committee on the Rights of the Child as a part of the Convention (Articles 42–45 of the CRC) also issues general comments to guide governments in better understanding, implementing, and monitoring the implementation of the Convention in their countries. Therefore, it provides a basis for developing child rights indicators. Its General Comment on implementing child rights in early childhood provides an excellent basis for developing early childhood indicators based on human rights. The manual and the framework developed is a tool to address concerns to better realize young children's rights through better data collection, analysis, monitoring, and reporting through provision of a structured guide to help governments to fulfill their obligation for state reporting and most importantly towards the youngest members and rights holders of their societies.

Teisė ir mokinio socializacija

Juridiškai įteisintos vaiko teisės yra norma, kurios laikytis turi kiekvienas visuomenės narys, net jeigu jo asmeniniai įsitikinimai būtų kitokie. Taigi vaiko teisės tapo bręstančios asmenybės socializacijos sudedamąja ir būtina sąlyga. Kitaip tariant, vaiko teisių pažeidimas šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje yra asocialus reiškinys, o pačiam vaikui jo teisių neigimas tampa jo asocializacijos prielaida. Lietuvoje. atsižvel gaint j tarptautinę patirtį naujai kuriama juridinė vaiko teisių apsaugos sistema, reformuojanti mokyklą. Tačiau vaiko asmenybės socializacijos sąlygų kaita sunkiausiai apčiuopiama, nes tai yra sisteminių dalių vidinė charakteristika. Čia susiduriama ir su tokiu komplikuotu reiškiniu kaip suaugusiųjų resocializacija, ypač kalbant apie kardinaliai besikeičiančią visuomenę. Juridiniais dokumentais nusakomi socialiniai principai, kaip socializacijos sąlygos ir kartu asocializacijos samprata, kaip atitinkamų socialinių principų neigimas. Kiekvieną reiškinį geriau paaiškina priešingas jam reiškinys, tad socializacijos kokybiną kaitą pravartu nagrinėti neatsietinai nuo asocializacijos apraiškų ir tendencijų analizės.