Implementation Of Agrarian Reform Research Articles

The Ongoing Struggle for Agrarian Reform As an Unfinished Agenda? Lessons From Mekarsari Village

Abstract: Agrarian reform without interaction between the state and society only addresses temporary issues. The implementation of agrarian reform in Indonesia has been overly focused on achieving outputs based on easily measurable quantities, leaving social problems unaddressed. The aim of this research is to elaborate the implementation of agrarian reform, particularly in the management of assets in the Mekarsari Agrarian Reform Village. The method used is a quantitative approach using questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 50 respondents who are beneficiaries of agrarian reform. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics method. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of management at the planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation stages shows that the interaction between the responsibility of state actors and community participation is low. As a result, the implementation of agrarian reform is still one-way, limited to completing the output targets of land redistribution and granting access decided by the organizers. Without meaningful community participation, it will be difficult for the community to take control to decide on the appropriate use of resources. For this reason, the implementation of agrarian reform in Mekarsari Village still needs to be contested. Keywords: Agrarian reform, Contested, State-society interaction

AGRONOMIC ASSISTANCE OF VLADIMIR ZEMSTVO TO THE POPULATION DURING THE YEARS OF STOLYPIN’S AGRARIAN REFORM

This article, devoted to clarifying the role of zemstvo institutions in the implementation of agrarian reform by Pyotr Stolypin, lies in the mainstream of regional history and is based on materials from one of the central Russian provinces – Vladimir. Based on the analysis of a wide range of sources, including archival ones, the author shows that numerous councilors of zemstvo as well of those serving there for hire did not immediately support government initiatives; however, in the beginning of the second stage of the reform, they were involved in its implementation and made an invaluable contribution to organising land management work and providing agronomic assistance to both individual peasant households and community members. The agricultural courses, readings and conversations conducted by the agronomic services were of utmost importance. Zemstvo agronomic services played an extremely important role in achieving the agrarian reform success, though incomplete; and they contributed to transferring the Russian agriculture to a new technological level.

Land Bank in Indonesia: Disoriented Authority, Overlapping Regulations and Injustice

The Indonesian Lank Bank Agency (“Land Bank”) is a sui generis institution that has broad authority including providing convenience for investors and implementing agrarian reform based on the value of justice and legal certainty. This paper aims to analyze the disorientation of authority and overlapping regulations of the Land Bank, examine the Land Bank’s authority based on the cybernetic concept of Talcott Parsons and deconstruct the Land Bank‘s authority in terms of the value of justice. This research is a normative study that uses secondary data collected through literature research and analyzed the data through content analysis. Based on the analysis, it is found that there is a disorientation of the Land Bank‘s authority as its authority to implement the agrarian reform aimed at creating equitable land ownership is contradictory to its authority to facilitate investments that use large areas of land. The implementation of agrarian reform by the Land Bank also faces overlapping regulations and authority. Based on Talcott Parsons' cybernetic concept, the Indonesian government prioritizes investment facilitation authority (economic subsystem) which has the highest energy and therefore ignore agrarian reform (social subsystem) which has lower energy. This is not in line with the principle of justice, namely partiality to the disadvantaged party since it prioritizes the interests of business entities as the more economically advantaged party and overrides the interests of people who do not own land or control land less than the minimum limit.

The Role of Village Government in the Orderly Land Administration in Dayeuhluhur Village, Tempuran District, Karawang Regency as an Implementation of Agrarian Reform

Order of village land is the process of managing and regulating land at the village government level. According to Law Number 6 Year 2014, villages are authorized to manage local governance matters, including those related to land issues. This research aims to understand the implementation of land administration systems in Dayeuhluhur Village, Tempuran Subdistrict, Karawang Regency, West Java Province. The method used is juridical-empirical, incorporating interviews and direct observations in Dayeuhluhur Village, along with data analysis from literature as supporting evidence. Data collected is qualitatively analyzed to explain findings derived from observations and journal records. Data was gathered from primary sources such as interviews and observations, as well as secondary sources like documents. The study's findings indicate that the land administration system in Dayeuhluhur Village functions effectively. However, it also reveals that the role of the Dayeuhluhur Village government in land administration is not yet ideal due to several reasons, including weaknesses in human resources, lack of coordination with relevant agencies, deficiencies in village land administration systems and procedures, and inadequate community awareness of the importance of orderly land administration. Therefore, due to these inhibiting factors, the village government is less effective in ensuring orderly land administration, both internally and externally. By addressing these barriers, it is hoped that the village government's role in ensuring orderly land administration can be maximized to benefit the community and the village as a whole.

Understanding Agrarian Reform in Colombia: The Story from a Field Visit during the International Land Grabbing Conference 2024

During the International Land Grabbing Conference 2024 in Colombia, the authors had the opportunity to visit two sites of agrarian reform struggle in the Department of Cundinamarca, where efforts to curb land grabbing are being implemented: the San Joaquín Farm in the municipality of Puerto Salgar, and the Zona Reservo Campesino in the municipality of Venecia. Given the long-standing history of agrarian issues in Colombia and the hopeful political will of the current Colombian president, it is intriguing to discuss the authors' findings from this field visit to understand the achievements in the implementation of agrarian reform in Colombia, as well as the challenges faced in resolving agrarian issues confronted by farmers and rural communities. Based on observations, it is evident that the success of agrarian reform implementation relies on the political will of the government and efforts to involve farmer organizations, as well as addressing policy barriers. A state-centered approach, with the involvement of social actors such as farmer organizations and NGOs, can overcome structural and institutional obstacles. Furthermore, sustainable livelihoods for farmers must be prioritized, considering the cultural and historical context of the farmers and the need for balanced resource management with a subjective approach to agricultural organization, which can facilitate farmer regeneration and the success of agrarian reform in Colombia.

Agricultural reform in Ukraine: the history and present

The purpose of the research is to reveal the process of implementing the agrarian reform in Ukraine as a natural stage of the development of the country's agriculture during the last 100 years. The existing problems in Ukrainian agriculture were considered and it was established that these problems have their roots in the past, in the 20s of the 20th century, when the natural development of agriculture was interrupted, Ukraine became part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), private ownership of agricultural land and private farms were liquidated, collective and state agricultural enterprises were created instead. The paper analyzes the initial stage of agrarian reform in Ukraine at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries after gaining state independence, and it is concluded that agrarian transformations in the country took place quite completely, in comparison with the countries of Eastern Europe. One of the reasons for this state of affairs was the low efficiency of the management of this process on the part of the state authorities responsible for the reform, particularly land reform as a key factor in all agrarian transformations. Only after the beginning of the wide implementation of land reform and reforming of collective agricultural enterprises in the early 2000s, a rapid increase in the volume and efficiency of agricultural production began. The long-term moratorium on the sale and purchase of agricultural land (more than 30 years) was based on political, not economic, reasons. In the analysis of the prospects for the development of domestic agriculture in the period after the agrarian reform, modern comprehensive programs of strategic directions for increasing the efficiency of the industry and rural areas were used, in the development of which the author was involved. These state programs, namely the "Unified comprehensive strategy and action plan for the development of agriculture and rural areas in Ukraine for 2015-2020" and the "National Economic Strategy 2030" conclude with the main task of creating a competitive, export-oriented agriculture and the production of competitive food products in accordance with international safety and quality standards in the context of the European integration of Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the use of publications by Ukrainian and foreign researchers devoted to the analysis of economic transformation in Ukraine and other countries of the former socialist camp, as well as scientific developments by authors, in particular, as a member of teams of international experts and consultants on the development and implementation of agrarian reform in Ukraine. Further directions of research, which were covered in the article, should be aimed at the development of integration processes in the market structure of the European Union, adaptation of the national agrarian policy to the Common EU policy. This is to provide an opportunity to increase the welfare of agricultural workers, the efficiency and productivity of the domestic agrarian industry.

Analisis Ketimpangan Penguasaan dan Pemilikan Tanah Pasca Reforma Agraria di Indonesia

Reforming agrarian law will only be successful if agrarian law prioritizes farmers as the main pillar of national economic development, without ignoring the interests of investors and large investors as a source of development financing. In following up on the policy of reforming Agrarian law as regulated in the UUPA, the government has issued a decree as outlined in MPR Decree Number: IX/MPR/2001 concerning Agrarian Reform and Natural Resource Management. To overcome problems that will later hinder the implementation of agrarian law reform in Indonesia, Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution must be used as the ideal basis and constitutional basis for every legal act carried out by the State, meaning that regulations or policies issued in the context of implementing agrarian law reform must be based on on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Agrarian conflict is still a legal problem in Indonesia. The presence of a strategy in the form of agrarian reform is expected to be able to make a real contribution in realizing social justice and people's prosperity for all Indonesian people. The implementation of agrarian reform is characterized by comprehensive asset management and access management, so it is important to carry out a comprehensive evaluation with fairness and community empowerment. The results obtained from this research show that the organizers of agrarian reform are expected to be able to guarantee increased community welfare and realize social justice, whether through the efforts of the Agrarian Reform Task Force (GTRA) or the Government which carries out a compromise strategy with ministries/institutions to ensure land rights through agrarian reform.

Agrarian Reform Responding to the Challenges of the Times

Indonesia has entered the age of 77 years. In a long period of time, it seems we should be concerned that the implementation of Agrarian Reform as an effort to reorganize the ownership, control, use, and utilization of land for justice, prosperity, and people's welfare which is a national priority has not been fully successful. The Agrarian Reform Movement must be admitted that it is not a solution to the existing conflict. However, the aim of the agrarian reform is expected to be a systematic effort that is more preventive in nature to avoid the occurrence of agrarian inequality and conflict in the country in the future. So the author concludes that the main goal of “Agrarian Reform Responding to the Challenges of the Times is the creation of social justice which is marked by the existence of agrarian justice, increased productivity, and increased people's welfare.

Agrarian Reform Policy Strategy In Realizing The Welfare Of A Social Justice Community Based On The Constitution

Agrarian conflicts are still a legal problem in Indonesia. The presence of a strategy in the form of agrarian reform is expected to be able to make a real contribution to realizing social justice and people's prosperity for all Indonesian people. The implementation of agrarian reform is marked by a comprehensive arrangement of assets and access arrangements, so it is important to carry out a thorough evaluation of justice and community empowerment. The results obtained from this study indicate that the organizers of agrarian reform are expected to be able to ensure an increase in community welfare and realize social justice, either through the efforts of the Agrarian Reform Task Force (GTRA) or the Government which carries out a compromise strategy with ministries/agencies to ensure land rights through agrarian reform.

Implementation of agrarian reform in North Sumatra, Indonesia: The productiveness of institutional fragmentation

Over the past few years, the Government of Indonesia has set out to implement an ambitious goal of formally changing land tenure arrangements on over 20 million hectares of land across the country. In this paper, I analyze the politics surrounding the policy framework’s implementation at the provincial level in North Sumatra. Given variegated meanings of agrarian reform held by different civil society actors as well as the abstract national-level policy framework allowing for multiple types of tenure to be claimed, I show how “ineffective” policy implementation cannot be merely explained by characterizing state institutions as dysfunctional, in part due to how “accurate” claims cannot be ascertained in a self-evident manner. Rather, the invocation and resignification of longstanding commonly accepted communitarian vocabularies provide opportunities for different civil society actors to assert and gain recognition for specific visions of (re)territorializing land and (re)subjectivizing rural populations to challenge longstanding political-economic structures that continue to privilege plantation, mining, and logging interests. As such, contemporary fragmentation of the Indonesian land bureaucracy should not be seen in a negative light. Instead, bureaucratic interactions at the provincial level are decisive modes of articulating and formalizing legitimate visions of land use and rural development as well as defining appropriate economic, environmental, and cultural subjectivities in a non-deterministic manner.

AGRARIAN REFORMS AND DEVELOPMENT OF AGRIBUSINESS FORMS IN AZERBAIJAN

Legal support for the implementation of agrarian reform in our country is the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan, laws adopted on the implementation of agrarian reforms, decrees to ensure their implementation, decisions adopted by the state on the development of the agrarian sector. Theoretical and practical instructions and decisions arising from these laws, decrees and decisions determine the methodological basis for the establishment of private farms, the formation and development of entrepreneurship. The main purpose of the implementation of agrarian reforms in our country is to achieve the organization of special forms of economy in accordance with the law of market economy and to develop entrepreneurship in all areas of the agrarian sector by all means. It should be noted that the State Agrarian Reform Commission, local and regional agrarian reform commissions have been established to carry out agrarian reforms in the country. Keywords: agrarian, reform, industry, economy.

AGRARIAN REFORMS AND DEVELOPMENT OF AGRIBUSINESS FORMS IN AZERBAIJAN

Legal support for the implementation of agrarian reform in our country is the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan, laws adopted on the implementation of agrarian reforms, decrees to ensure their implementation, decisions adopted by the state on the development of the agrarian sector. Theoretical and practical instructions and decisions arising from these laws, decrees and decisions determine the methodological basis for the establishment of private farms, the formation and development of entrepreneurship. The main purpose of the implementation of agrarian reforms in our country is to achieve the organization of special forms of economy in accordance with the law of market economy and to develop entrepreneurship in all areas of the agrarian sector by all means. It should be noted that the State Agrarian Reform Commission, local and regional agrarian reform commissions have been established to carry out agrarian reforms in the country. Keywords: agrarian, reform, industry, economy.

Reforma Agraria Upaya Penyelesaian Konflik Tanah di Kecamatan Jenggawah Kabupaten Jember Tahun 1999-2005

The purpose of this paper is to determine the process of resolving agrarian conflicts and the process of inventorying and granting land certificates to farmers. The urgency of this paper can theoretically be an important part in the context of resolving agrarian conflicts that often occur in Indonesia. The method used is the historical method consisting of Heuristics, Criticism, Interpretation and Historiography. Agrarian conflicts in Jenggawah District, Jember Regency occurred in 1969 and 1994-1995. The government is trying to find a solution through the implementation of agrarian reform by providing a policy for solving agrarian problems. Efforts to resolve the Jenggawah land conflict through agrarian reform are marked by a process of preparing for the implementation of an inventory, asset management and access arrangement. Asset management consists of redistribution and legalization of land. Access arrangements are carried out in order to improve the economy, add value and encourage entrepreneurial innovation on the subject of agrarian reform for Jenggawah farmers. Through this research, it can be concluded that agrarian reform can be one of the solutions for resolving land conflicts in Indonesia, especially in Jenggawah.

Stolypin land management in Kaluga governorate during the World War I (July 1914 – June 1917)

The object of this research is the implementation of agrarian reforms in Kaluga governorate in the early XX century, while the subject is the analysis of Stolypin land management in the region during the World War I. The chronological framework this research cover the period from the beginning warfare until the end of June 1917, when Stolypin land management has been officially completed. Research methodology leans on the principles of scientific objectivity, historicism, and problematicity, which contributed to establishment of causal links, as well as study of the events, phenomena, and processes in their development. The author concludes that the World War I has interrupted the progressive development of Stolypin land management in Kaluga governorate that was purposed prior to the war. The long-running military conflict led to gradual curtailment of the entire process of land management (formation of homesteads, issuance of loans, etc.), and the Provisional Government that came to power during the February Revolution made the final call on its termination. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that his is the first work within Russian historiography dedicated to this topic. The article introduces new archival materials into the scientific discourse, which allowed reconstructing the course of events, phenomena, and processes, as well as provide their assessment. The acquired results can be valuable for wide audience and historians, used in preparation of lectures on history, textbooks, and practical classes.

Agrarian Reform in Indonesia: Analyze Concepts and Their Implementation from a Governance Perspective

Analysis of the relationship between inequality, agrarian reform and corruption as well as public administration reform has not been discussed, both in terms of the formation and implementation of agrarian reform in Indonesia. This article aims to explore the concept and implementation of agrarian reform, as well as the influence of governance conditions in the management of natural resources in the implementation of agrarian reform. With the characteristics of agrarian issues in Indonesia, land administration and those related to the implementation of redistribution of benefits from the use of natural resources need to be strengthened with appropriate concepts or theories, including public information disclosure as a fulfillment of substantive and deliberative implementation of democracy. In addition, by referring to experiences in other countries, agrarian reform needs to be carried out by reducing the level of clientelism and implemented through a number of corruption prevention and prosecution programs, especially in the fields of land and other natural resources.

Land Procurement by Land Bank as a Form of Agrarian Reform Based on Law Number 11 Year 2021 Concerning Work Creation

This study aims to determine the implementation and position of the Land Bank in the legal system in Indonesia and the relationship between Law Number 11 of 2021 concerning Job Creation. The amount of land in Indonesia is not commensurate with the increasing need for physical development. This is closely related to the vulnerability of conflicts that occur in the community. The presence of a Land Bank is expected to minimize the occurrence of conflicts because the existence of a Land Bank is intended to address land needs. However, in an effort to realize this, the position of the Land Bank Institution has several things that may cause obstacles in the implementation of agrarian reform itself. This research uses a statutory approach (statue approach) and a conceptual approach. With the conclusion, that the construction of regulatory law related to the Land Bank creates legal certainty and benefits. Land Banks should also be in line with the realization of agrarian reform.

Juridical Review of Landreform Land Object Redistribution in Bantarsari Village, Cilacap Regency

Land reform is defined as an effective way to achieve successful development because access to land is crucial for socio-economic development, poverty alleviation, and environmental sustainability. Apart from being a factor of production, the land is also a factor of wealth and prestige. And strength or power. Bantasari Village, Bantarsari Sub-District, Cilacap District is one of the villages that conducts land object redistribution activities in land distribution and land certificates issuance. The redistribution of land objects has not been optimal, and this is because there are still many residents who do not have land certificates as proof of ownership. This research discusses how the juridical review and constraints in implementing land reform land objects' redistribution in Bantasari Village, Bantarsari Sub-District, Cilacap District based on Presidential Regulation No. 86/2018. The method used in this study is the normative juridical method used. It came out through literature studies examining secondary data. The implementation of Agrarian Reform referred to in Article 5 paragraph (1) Presidential Regulation Number 86 of 2018 concerning Agrarian Reform including those carried out through the stages of wealth management referred to in Article 5 paragraph (1) letter a consists of land redistribution or asset legalization.Keywords: Land Redistribution, Land reform, certificate

The historical relationship between agrarian reforms and internal armed conflicts: Relevant factors for the Colombian post-conflict scenario

With the purpose of identifying relevant factors potentially affecting the implementation of Colombian agrarian reform in its post-conflict phase, this article explores the links between agrarian reform and internal armed conflict in four countries that underwent a similar process. Namely, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and South Africa. Looking for similarities and differences in the implementation of agrarian reforms in the four countries, the methodology included various parts. First, existing agrarian reforms and armed conflicts were identified, based on which, the selection of countries has been carried out. Second, once the countries were selected, the different stages of the corresponding conflict were analyzed (Pre-, In- and Post-conflict). Finally, the stages were compared with the Colombian case and insights have been drawn. Results from the comparative analysis reveal that the typology of the agrarian reform, the power relationship between elites, and the socioeconomic inequality are the most influential factors in the Colombian post-conflict stage. Based on these, I suggest that the new agrarian reform in Colombia does not fulfill the conditions for peace construction based on fair access to and distribution of the land.

KEBIJAKAN REFORMA AGRARIA TERHADAP LAHAN PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG

The phenomenon of agricultural land use change one of which occurred in Tulungagung Regency, East Java. Agricultural land in Tulungagung Regency continues to experience shrinking, triggering fears of instability in the area's food security. Thus this research aims to answer and describe how: (1) Implementation of policies on agricultural land in Tulungagung Regency and (2) Factors that influence the implementation of agrarian reform in the Tulungagung Regency. The analysis begins dissecting the laws and regulations relating to Agrarian and Agrarian Reform Policies, among others: UUPA, Perpres No. 86 of 2018 on Agrarian Reform, and is associated with regulations related to the control and use of agricultural land, among others; Law No. 41 of 2009 concerning Protection of Sustainable Agricultural Land. Furthermore, reviewing the regulations at the Tulungagung District Land Office related to the Agrarian Reform on the Control and Use of Agricultural Land and Regional Regulations in force, then photographing how they are applied in the field so as to draw conclusions from the factors that influence the implementation of Agrarian Reform, one of which is a change use of agricultural land to become non-agricultural. The results of the study concluded that a strategic step is needed in the form of food agricultural land protection in Tulungagung Regency by regulating and immediately establishing it as a Sustainable Food Agriculture Area.

NO AGRARIAN REFORM: REVOLUTIE WITHOUT REVOLUTION?

RI’s independence is a revolution to form a nation and state with an independentsocial structure. One of the instruments of de-colonization of the Indonesian peopleis the Agrarian Revolution. The matter of study in this paper is why, since Sokarnostepped down, the implementation of agrarian reform became half-hearted. Thiswriting method with a literature study through historical, descriptive analysis. Theresult reveals there has not been a fundamental change in the basic socio-agrarianstructure in Indonesia, and people fought for it from 2014 until now