Implementation Gap Research Articles

The contribution of domestic and family violence death reviews in Australia: From recommendations to reform?

A key aim of domestic violence death reviews (DVDRs) is to recommend improvements to domestic violence service responses, thereby preventing future domestic violence-related deaths. However, there is little scholarship examining the implementation of DVDR recommendations. This study analyses all recommendations made by two Australian DVDR bodies, from the time of each body's establishment until September 2023, alongside government responses and implementation information. Our findings show that despite high levels of initial government acceptance of DVDR recommendations there remains a considerable implementation gap. We consider implementation barriers, suggest improvements to recommendation monitoring and identify areas for future research.

A Review Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GEO-AI): Implementation Of Machine Learning On Urban Planning

Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (Geo-AI) is an interesting topic in its development and application in our lives. One of them is spatial planning, which contributes to the economic and social development of a region or country. Spatial data is the main thing in this research, which maximizes the effectiveness of land use spatial data on the area as upstream data and develops GIS-based urban planning applications to display the results of analysis and predictions of urban objects automatically. On the other hand, to maximize tourism revenue, the government plans urban areas for both spatial and land use and makes a lot of spatial data based on geographical and environmental conditions. This study will analyze the benefits of Geo-AI in urban planning and the tourism sector. The method used in this study is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), where the search for the required articles comes from electronic databases obtained using the NVivo software with article sources from Publish or Perish. This study discusses the main steps for the analysis of geospatial data that have been successful in the main areas, namely the development of applications and models, including visualization. By treating issues in geospatial artificial intelligence, the overall aim of the research is to improve the quality of life for Indonesia's growing urban population. The results of the study with the systematic literature review of Geo-AI found a gap in the research implementation of the machine learning model used where five models were compared and relevant to the geospatial dataset displayed in the form of a literature review matrix and visually included in the relevant keywords in the bibliometric analysis. Interdisciplinary results are developing and are urgently needed by both government and private stakeholders in the development of smart cities to prepare spatial planning in urban areas and strategies in optimizing technology in the field of spatial planning in implementing systems based on Geo-AI.

Evaluating the Prevalence of Four Recommended Practices for Suicide Prevention Following Hospital Discharge

The Joint Commission's National Patient Safety Goal (NPSG) for suicide prevention (NPSG.15.01.01) requires that accredited hospitals maintain policies/procedures for follow-up care at discharge for patients identified as at risk for suicide. The proportion of hospitals meeting these requirements through use of recommended discharge practices is unknown. This cross-sectional observational study explored the prevalence of suicide prevention activities among Joint Commission-accredited hospitals. A questionnaire was sent to 1,148 accredited hospitals. The authors calculated the percentage of hospitals reporting implementation of four recommended discharge practices for suicide prevention. Of 1,148 hospitals, 346 (30.1%) responded. The majority (n = 212 [61.3%]) of hospitals had implemented formal safety planning, but few of those (n = 41 [19.3%]) included all key components of safety planning. Approximately a third of hospitals provided a warm handoff to outpatient care (n = 128 [37.0%)] or made follow-up contact with patients (n = 105 [30.3%]), and approximately a quarter (n = 97 [28.0%]) developed a plan for lethal means safety. Very few (n = 14 [4.0%]) hospitals met full criteria for implementing recommended suicide prevention activities at time of discharge. The study revealed a significant gap in implementation of recommended practices related to prevention of suicide postdischarge. Additional research is needed to identify factors contributing to this implementation gap.

Informing National Climate Action with the Green Economy Model: A Technical Description of the Structures and Processes

National climate ambitions have been hampered by a lack of understanding of the impacts of the transition to a low-carbon economy as well as the consequences of inaction. Amid legitimate concerns regarding transitional impacts, financing needs, and the institutional and political constraints to low-carbon policy implementation, knowledge and analytical skill gaps prevent countries from increasing necessary ambition on climate and environmental targets consistent with global goals. In this Technical Note, we present the green economy model (GEM), which aims to simultaneously improve people’s understanding of complex climate, environmental, and socioeconomic linkages; equip decision-makers with adequate tools for policy development; and help close coordination gaps and build technical capacity for low-carbon policymaking. It is a practical guide for local policymakers, experts, and academics to understand the model structures and considerations for employing GEM for green economic policy analysis.

Supporting nursing faculty to teach veteran's care: a mixed method, multi-intervention study.

This study aimed to (a)describe nurse educators' attitudes towards veterans after workshop participation, (b)evaluate the effectiveness of the workshop and timed digital interventions (TDI) on nurse educators' integration of veteran-centered content into their courses and curricula, and (c)describe nurse educators' experiences with transferring learning from the workshop to teaching practice. A longitudinal multi-intervention, multi-method pilot study was conducted using pre- and post-workshop surveys and interviews. Twenty-six nurse faculty reported a neutral attitude toward working with veterans during the pre-workshop survey period. TDIs kept veteran-centered content fresh on faculty minds, yielding evidence of integration into nursing courses. Nursing faculty preparation and development is crucial to effectively integrate specific veteran care content into nursing education to ensure a competent and culturally sensitive workforce. Integrating TDIs using widely accessible technologies is a cost-effective way of increasing engagement with new information and bridge implementation gaps associated with traditional professional development activities.

A holistic approach to implementing artificial intelligence in radiology

ObjectiveDespite the widespread recognition of the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, its implementation is often limited. This article aims to address this implementation gap by presenting insights from an in-depth case study of an organisation that approached AI implementation with a holistic approach.Materials and methodsWe conducted a longitudinal, qualitative case study of the implementation of AI in radiology at a large academic medical centre in the Netherlands for three years. Collected data consists of 43 days of work observations, 30 meeting observations, 18 interviews and 41 relevant documents. Abductive reasoning was used for systematic data analysis, which revealed three change initiative themes responding to specific AI implementation challenges.ResultsThis study identifies challenges of implementing AI in radiology at different levels and proposes a holistic approach to tackle those challenges. At the technology level, there is the issue of multiple narrow AI applications with no standard use interface; at the workflow level, AI results allow limited interaction with radiologists; at the people and organisational level, there are divergent expectations and limited experience with AI. The case of Southern illustrates that organisations can reap more benefits from AI implementation by investing in long-term initiatives that holistically align both social and technological aspects of clinical practice.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of a holistic approach to AI implementation that addresses challenges spanning technology, workflow, and organisational levels. Aligning change initiatives between these different levels has proven to be important to facilitate wide-scale implementation of AI in clinical practice.Critical relevance statementAdoption of artificial intelligence is crucial for future-ready radiological care. This case study highlights the importance of a holistic approach that addresses technological, workflow, and organisational aspects, offering practical insights and solutions to facilitate successful AI adoption in clinical practice.Key points1. Practical and actionable insights into successful AI implementation in radiology are lacking.2. Aligning technology, workflow, organisational aspects is crucial for a successful AI implementation3. Holistic approach aids organisations to create sustainable value through AI implementation.Graphical

Implementation of cervical cancer prevention and screening across five tertiary hospitals in Nepal and its policy implications: A mixed-methods study.

In Nepal, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women despite the existing policies. This study intends to assess the implementation of cervical cancer prevention and screening through service utilization by women, knowledge and attitude among health professionals, and the perceptions of stakeholders in Nepal. This mixed-methods study was conducted in 2022 across five tertiary hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal. The quantitative study comprised the health professionals and women attending gynecology outpatient clinics from the selected hospitals. The qualitative study comprised stakeholders including service providers and experts on cervical cancer from selected hospitals, civil societies, and the Ministry of Health and Population. The utilization of screening through pap smear among 657 women across five hospitals was 22.2% and HPV vaccination was 1.5%. The utilization of cervical cancer screening was associated with older age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.09, CI: 1.07, 8.19], married (AOR = 3.024, CI: 1.12, 8.19), higher education (AOR = 3.024, CI:1.12, 8.42), oral contraceptives use (AOR = 2.49, CI: 1.36, 4.39), and ever heard of cervical cancer screening (AOR = 13.28, CI: 6.85, 25.73). Among 254 health professionals, the knowledge score was positively associated with them ever having a training [Standardized Beta (β) = 0.20, CI: 0.44, 2.43)] and having outreach activities in their hospital (β = 0.19 CI: 0.89, 9.53) regarding cervical cancer screening. The female as compared to male health professionals (β = 0.16, CI: 0.41, 8.16, P = 0.03) and having a cervical cancer screening guideline as compared to none (β = 0.19 CI: 0.89, 9.53, P = 0.026) were more likely to have a better attitude for screening. The qualitative findings among 23 stakeholders reflected implementation challenges in policy, supply, service delivery, providers, and community. This study showed low utilization of prevention and services by women and implementation gaps on cervical cancer prevention and screening services across five tertiary hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal. The findings could help designing more focused interventions.

Bridging the citizenship law implementation gap: a typology for comparative analysis

While major advances have been made over the past years in comparing citizenship laws globally, most measures remain restricted to the law-on-the-books. Knowledge about the implementation of these laws remains limited. This poses the question to what extent these measures correspond with the law as experienced by targeted populations. In order to overcome the implementation gap when comparing and measuring citizenship law globally, this paper addresses the question of how to gain a coherent understanding of implementation. Developing a comprehensive typology, the paper distinguishes three crucial elements of implementation: (1) the entry into force of legal provisions (capturing the applicable state of citizenship law), (2) the interpretation of law (the specific interpretation of legal provisions used by the authorities responsible for their execution), and (3) the application of law (executing legal provisions in practice by the authorities). Subsequently, the paper illustrates how this typology can be applied to the analysis of citizenship law implementation by a case study of dual citizenship acceptance, focusing on the renunciation requirement for naturalisation and dual citizenship treaties. The paper concludes by outlining directions for a comparative research agenda that better corresponds with the lived experience of citizenship laws.

Situating implementation science (IS) in res(IS)tance: a conceptual frame toward the integration of scholarship from the black radical tradition.

This manuscript undertakes a disciplinary self-critique of the field of implementation science, a field which attempts to bridge the gap between evidence-based interventions and their practical application. Despite the heightened emphasis on health equity and racial disparities, the field's current discourse is limited by key epistemic shortcomings. First, even though prevalence of implementation gaps between racialized groups in the United States necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the systems perpetuating these disparities, the field does not operate with a general explanation for disparities not as a failure of systems, but a system historically and structural designed to produce disparities. Second, the field has attempted to address disparities without adequate dialog with a broad tradition of anti-racist and anti-colonial sociology, history and epistemology, and therefore risks a decontextualized analysis of disparities and under-informed approaches to achieving equity. Fortunately, scholarship from the Black radical tradition (BRT), such as the Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP), Critical Race Theory (CRT), and more broadly conceptual frameworks from post-modern, anti-colonial, Black feminist studies and social epistemology can offer to implementation science frameworks that center power dynamics and racialized oppression. This epistemic re-alignment of implementation research to "center at the margins" can enable the field of implementation science to more critically examine and dismantle systems that perpetuate racial inequalities in access to and utilization of health interventions. For example, normalization and dynamic fit, which are thought to be key mechanisms of implementation, are revealed in the light of this tradition of scholarship to be potentially problematic acquiescence to oppressive systems. Drawing from the concept of resistance anchored in the scholarship of the Black radical tradition as well as contemporary social epistemology such as the work of José Medina and Maria Fricker about epistemic justice, the authors further advance that implementation science could make more substantial contributions to the dismantling of racialized systems and actively work toward health justice through the transdisciplinary lens of resistance. This is a call to action for integrating implementation science with critical philosophical and theoretical perspectives rooted in Black studies and related insights, which have been acquired through the struggle for social justice, to inform the design of implementation strategies and research projects that improve health services and health outcomes for health disparity populations.

Implementing integrated hypertension and diabetes management using the World Health Organization’s HEARTS model: protocol for a pilot study in the Guatemalan national primary care system

BackgroundThe HEARTS technical package was developed by the World Health Organization to address the implementation gap in cardiovascular disease prevention in low- and middle-income countries. Guatemala is a middle-income country that is currently implementing HEARTS. National authorities in Guatemala are interested in exploring how hypertension and diabetes management can be integrated in HEARTS implementation. The objective of this study is to conduct a feasibility and acceptability pilot trial of integrated hypertension and diabetes management based on HEARTS in the publicly funded primary care system in Guatemala.MethodsA single-arm pilot trial for 6 months will be carried out in 11 Ministry of Health primary care facilities starting in September 2023. A planned sample of 100 adult patients diagnosed with diabetes (n = 45), hypertension (n = 45), or both (n = 10) will be enrolled. The intervention will consist of HEARTS-aligned components: Training health workers on healthy-lifestyle counseling and evidence-based treatment protocols, strengthening access to medications and diagnostics, training on risk-based cardiovascular disease management, team-based care and task sharing, and systems monitoring and feedback, including implementation of a facility-based electronic monitoring tool at the individual level. Co-primary outcomes of feasibility and acceptability will be assessed using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Secondary outcomes include clinical effectiveness (treatment with medication, glycemic control, and blood pressure control), key implementation outcomes (adoption, fidelity, usability, and sustainability), and patient-reported outcome measures (diabetes distress, disability, and treatment burden). Using an implementation mapping approach, a Technical Advisory Committee will develop implementation strategies for subsequent scale-up planning.DiscussionThis trial will produce evidence on implementing HEARTS-aligned hypertension and diabetes care in the MOH primary care system in Guatemala. Results also will inform future HEARTS projects in Guatemala and other low- and middle-income countries.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT06080451. The trial was prospectively registered on October 12, 2023.

Discovering Practitioners’ Knowledge and Use of Evidence-Based Practices for Autism Early Childhood Interventions

Young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) require supports and services designed to meet their unique needs. Research has identified 27 evidence-based practices (EBPs) for children ages birth to 5 years. However, there is a paucity of research that examines whether early childhood providers are implementing EBPs with children with ASD. In this study we determined the levels of training, confidence, and frequency of EBP implementation by U.S.-based early childhood providers, including early childhood educators and early intervention providers. These findings indicate gaps in both knowledge and implementation of EBPs. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Process Evaluation of Services for HIV-Infected Post-Partum Women and HIV-Exposed Infants in Primary Health Care Blantyre Malawi.

HIV testing among HIV-exposed infants (HEI) in Malawi is below global targets and, affected by low utilisation of health services after birth. We conducted a mixed methods evaluation of the implementation of services for early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV against national guidelines in Blantyre, Malawi, to inform the development of strategies to improve EID services uptake. We estimated coverage of HEI enrolment in HIV care and HIV testing at 6 weeks through a retrospective data review. We qualitatively explored implementation gaps in EID services through process mapping of 8 mother-infant pairs (MIP); and investigated healthcare workers' (HCW) perspectives on the implementation gaps through group interviews with 16 HCWs. We analysed the quantitative data descriptively and conducted a thematic content analysis of qualitative data. Of 163 HEIs born at the study sites, 39 (24%) were enrolled in an HIV care clinic before post-natal discharge, and 85 (52%) received HIV testing by 6 weeks. The median time for MIP to receive EID services was 4 (1-8) hours. The implementation gaps observed during process mapping included: failure to identify and enrol HEI in HIV care clinic; lack of immunisation, counselling for HEI testing, HIV testing, drug refilling, and family planning; and different appointment dates for mother and infant. HCWs reported delays and gaps influencing optimal service provision including: lack of screening to identify MIP, limited supervision for student HCWs when providing services, inadequate capacity of point of care machines, challenges with integrating services, and role confusion. Use of unique identifiers for MIP and establishing a booking system to schedule appointments to suit point of care machine capacity were primary service improvement recommendations. This study identified suboptimal EID services in Malawi due to process, capacity, and system factors. Context-appropriate interventions accommodating systems thinking are needed to enhance service provision.

Assuring Housing, Jobs and Social Assistance to the Masses: Evidence from Rural India

Houselessness, unemployment and social problems are the persistent issues in countries like India and hence an attempt is made on ‘Assuring Housing’ in rural, Jobs and Social Assistance to the Masses: Evidence from Rural India’ in this book in FOUR chapters. Chapter 1 deals with Introduction. India has had a long history of trying hard in various different directions, to promote rural development. Nevertheless, the success has been rather limited. Policies, frameworks, schemes and other attempts continue in full steam. This book takes up three different such sets of policies and evaluates their impact on people living in the rural areas in India, focusing on Bhadohi District, UP. Chapter 2 focuses on housing. The village of Mahuapur, situated in Uttar Pradesh, exhibits a blend of infrastructural progress and persistent challenges, including sanitation issues and uneven telecommunication access. Despite advancements like electricity reaching every household and educational institutions present, sanitation and equitable access to telecommunication remain pressing concerns. In Mahuapur, the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna Gramin (PMAY-G) aims to provide housing for economically weaker sections. A detailed study assesses PMAY-G's effectiveness, revealing disparities in housing completion rates across blocks and villages. The research methodology employed structured interviews, surveys, and data analysis to evaluate PMAY-G's impact, identifying gaps in implementation, such as claim rejections, pending applications, and beneficiary dissatisfaction. The study underscores the need for improved communication, timely processing of applications, and alignment of financial aid and quality standards with beneficiaries' needs to address disparities and enhance the scheme's efficacy in fulfilling housing needs in Mahuapur village.

Strengthening Accessibility and Inclusivity in Libraries: The Role of Adaptive Technology in Supporting Visually Impaired Users

Libraries have long been recognized as key institutions in democratizing access to knowledge and information, yet users with visual impairments still face significant barriers to accessing these resources. The purpose of this research is to explore how adaptive technologies can improve accessibility and inclusivity in libraries for users with visual impairments. Using a qualitative methodology involving in-depth interviews and content analysis of library websites, this study assessed the effectiveness of current adaptive technologies and identified barriers to their use. The results show that, although adaptive technologies such as screen readers and indoor navigation systems hold great potential to improve user experience, there are still gaps in implementation and library staff awareness of the specific needs of visually impaired users. The conclusions of this study emphasize the importance of holistic integration of adaptive technologies in library service strategies to ensure equal access. Based on these findings, this paper recommends better staff training, the development of strong inclusive policies, and collaboration with disabled people's organizations to improve the accessibility and inclusiveness of libraries, thus supporting wider social participation of visually impaired users.

Understanding The Psychological Impact Of Child Abuse: Exploring Status And Rights In India Article Sidebar

Background Child abuse in India includes child labor, early marriage, and sexual exploitation, influenced by societal norms, gender inequalities, and economic disparities. Legal measures like the Right to Education Act and the POCSO Act exist to protect children, but their implementation faces significant challenges. This chapter highlights the need for comprehensive and integrated approaches to combat child abuse and ensure children's well-being. Aims This chapter aims to examine the psychological impacts of child abuse and evaluate the socio-legal landscape concerning the status and rights of children in India. It explores the prevalence and consequences of child labor, early marriage, and sexual exploitation, and assesses the interplay of societal norms, gender inequalities, and economic disparities. The chapter also evaluates the effectiveness of legal frameworks and governmental initiatives in protecting children's rights and well-being. Method The chapter uses a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating qualitative and quantitative methods. It includes a literature review, case studies, legal document analysis, and expert interviews in child psychology, law, and social work. Statistical analysis is applied to interpret the data collected, providing insights into the socio-legal context and psychological impacts of child abuse. Results Findings show a high prevalence of child abuse, including child labor, early marriage, and sexual exploitation, significantly affecting children's psychological health. Contributing factors include societal norms, gender inequalities, and economic disparities. Legal frameworks like the Right to Education Act and the POCSO Act have had mixed success, highlighting progress but also gaps in implementation and enforcement. Conclusions The chapter concludes that addressing the challenges of child abuse in India requires a holistic approach. Effective legal implementation, community-driven interventions, and awareness campaigns are essential for creating a supportive environment for children's psychological growth and development. Integrating legal, social, and psychological perspectives is crucial for comprehensive strategies to prevent child abuse and support affected children.

The Implementation Practices of the Teacher Induction Program in the Secondary Schools of Department of Education Davao City Division: A Case Study

Boarding on the transfor mative journey of a teaching career, educators encounter a myriad of challenges that shape their early experiences in the classroom. Recognizing the pivotal nature of these initial years in a teacher’s career, there arises a critical need to explore avenues that provide systematic support and enhance the professional development of educators. This research delved into the exploration of the implementation practices of the Teacher Induction Program (TIP) in public secondary schools in Davao City. Employing a qualitative case study design, the study utilized purposive sampling to select seven Master Teachers actively involved in TIP implementation. The research instrument, a researcher-made interview guide, was validated and enhanced by three Master Teachers, and results were based on key themes and core ideas derived from the discussions. The major themes identified for the implementation practices were structured learning, expert guidance and support, immersion and integration, knowledge and orientation, practice and feedback, and implementation gaps. Additionally, major themes for strategies that can be implemented to enhance the effectiveness of the teacher induction program were personalization and individualization, open communication and collaboration, and continuous improvement and adaptability. These themes were defined, discussed thoroughly, enriched with core ideas, and supported by existing studies and literature. The implications for theory revealed a strong connection between the identified themes and the Human Capital Theory and the Employee Engagement Theory, suggesting that integrating these theories into teacher induction programs enhances their effectiveness. The implications for practice highlighted the importance of structured learning, prioritizing mentoring activities, focus on continuing support, emphasizing practice and feedback, and addressing implementation gaps. Recommendations include designing comprehensive induction schedules, prioritizing mentorship programs, integrating new teachers into the broader educational environment, providing essential information through modules, establishing regular mechanisms for feedback, and addressing implementation gaps through active leadership support. By incorporating these implications into practice, educational institutions can create a more supportive and engaging environment for new teachers, contributing to their professional development and success.

Organizational Behavior Management in Creating Competent Human Resources

This research aims to analyze employment planning in the school environment, including analysis of activities and workload, as well as evaluation of recruitment, selection, training and development of teaching staff. Research background shows that good workforce planning can improve school efficiency and effectiveness. The research method used is analysis of activity and workload data, as well as evaluation of teacher recruitment, selection, training and development. The research results show that workforce planning is more focused on academic and non-academic aspects in recruitment and selection, with less emphasis on behavior change through training. Evaluations are carried out periodically, but there are gaps in program progress and implementation. The implications of these findings indicate the need for increased focus on aspects of behavior change in teacher training and development programs as well as improvements in the assessment and implementation of employment evaluations in schools.

From guidelines to bedside - insomnia treatment practices in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study.

Insomnia is a prevalent disorder that impacts quality of life and leads to significant economic costs. Treatment includes both non-medication and pharmacological interventions, with international guidelines recommending cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) as the first-line treatment. To describe current insomnia treatment practices in South Korea, focusing on pharmacological and non-medication treatments, and to identify gaps in guideline implementation. This cohort study used data from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) from 2002 to 2019 and identified 18,003 patients newly diagnosed with insomnia between 2015 and 2019. This study analyzed treatment patterns and utilization rates. Of the 18,003 patients, 16,181 (89.9%) received pharmacological treatment, resulting in 35,638 prescriptions. Zolpidem (60%) and benzodiazepines (30-40%) were the most prescribed medications. Most patients were treated in clinics, with consistent dosages and increasing treatment lengths. Psychotherapy claims rose from 3.20% in 2015 to 9.14% in 2019, particularly in general hospitals (22.06% to 48.37%), but remained low in clinics (1.26% to 2.08%). Pharmacological treatments dominate insomnia management in South Korea, with CBT-I being underutilized. Future efforts should focus on integrating non-pharmacological treatment into routine practice and exploring treatment risks and effectiveness based on patient demographics.

Community engagement in health promotion campaigns: A qualitative photo content analysis from vitalizing communities against NCD risk factors (V-CaN) field trial in rural central India.

India faces a critical challenge with 5.8 million annual deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Maharashtra, where NCDs constitute 66% of the disease burden. The youth, lacking awareness, are vulnerable. Vitalizing communities against NCD risk factors (V-CaN) melawa, inspired by the "Pandharpur Wari" pilgrimage, aims to bridge implementation gaps and empower communities. "Arogya chi wari" integrates health practices with cultural events, offering a unique approach. Photo documentation from V-CaN melawa becomes a powerful tool for assessing community engagement qualitatively. The aim of the study was to qualitatively analyze photos from V-CaN melawas, exploring community engagement in health promotion against NCD risk factors. V-CaN melawas were organized in the field practice area of the department of community medicine. These melawas were part of the cluster randomized field trial named V-CaN, which is being implemented in a rural area of the Wardha district of Maharashtra. The V-CaN days, also known as melawas, were organized with the aim of facilitating behavioral change among participants. A qualitative study using photo content analysis was conducted, reviewing 2000 pictures from 59 V-CaN melawas. Thematic content analysis was employed, with researchers selecting 61 photos based on uniqueness. Six major themes emerged: health promotion, health system involvement, intersectoral coordination, inclusiveness, community resource mobilization, and innovation. Examples include nutrition exhibitions, health screenings, and innovative games. The analysis showcases diverse community participation in V-CaN melawas, emphasizing inclusivity, collaboration, and innovation. While qualitative, the study lays the foundation for future quantitative assessments of the intervention's impact on health outcomes and community attitudes.

Bridging the Implementation Gap: A Holistic Approach to Urban Climate Governance

Bridging the Implementation Gap: A Holistic Approach to Urban Climate Governance