Stability Of Implants Research Articles

Testing Mechanical Properties of Silicone Gel-Filled Breast Implants and Their Degradation.

Breast augmentation procedures using silicone implants have become increasingly popular over the past six decades. This article addresses the concerns of patients regarding implant strength by providing clinicians with valuable information in addition to video and pictorial evidence to share, fostering reassurance. The article focuses on the structural integrity and stability of breast implants, which play a critical role in their long-term performance and patient satisfaction. Specifically, it examines the industry standards outlined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), with a particular emphasis on ISO14607-2018, which encompasses a range of mechanical and physio-mechanical tests, including the assessment of silicone gel-fill firmness, evaluation of shell integrity, and examination of the impact of environmental conditions on implant performance. Breast implants are not static devices and are subject to aging and fatigue-based degradation. This emphasizes the need for ongoing monitoring and evaluation to ensure the long-term safety and satisfaction of patients. By providing a comprehensive examination of breast implant structure and industry standards, this article equips clinicians with the necessary knowledge to address patient concerns and foster confidence in the safety and longevity of breast augmentation procedures using silicone implants.Level of Evidence III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Closed sinus lift and fixed prostheses versus implant-assisted overdentures in management of atrophied distal extension maxillary ridges: A one-year randomized clinical trial

Rehabilitation of elderly or medically compromised patients with an atrophied unilateral posterior maxillary ridge by an implant-supported prosthesis may be complicated by maxillary sinus pneumatization with insufficient bone for implant placement. This short-term clinical trial assessed clinical results of closed sinus lift and fixed prosthesis versus implant-assisted overdentures in the management of participants with atrophied distal extension maxillary ridges. Forty participants with unilateral atrophying distal extension maxillary ridges were randomly assigned into 2 groups. The CSL group (n=20) participants received fixed prostheses supported by 3 implants following a closed sinus lift. The IOD group (n=20) participants received removable partial overdentures assisted by a single implant that was positioned mesially to the maxillary sinus. The modified plaque index (MPI), modified gingival index (MGI), pocket depth (PD), implant stability (IS), and vertical bone loss (VBL) were measured at prosthesis delivery (T0), and 6 (T6) and 12 months (T12) after delivery. The oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) at T12. Significant differences between observation times were performed using Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for MPI and MGI and using repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction of P values for PD, IS, VBL, and OHIP. Between-group comparison of MPI and MGI the Mann-Whitney test was used, while for PD, IS, VBL, and OHIP comparison was made using independent samples t test (α=.05 for all tests). The implant survival rates were 100% for both groups. MPI and PD significantly increased with time for both groups. MGI significantly increased with time for the CSL group only (P=.049). The IS significantly decreased with time for the IOD group. VBL increased significantly from T6 to T12 for the CSL (P=.042) and the IOD (P=.002) groups. The CSL group recorded higher MPI, MGI, PD, and IS values than the IOD group (P<.05). The IOD group recorded higher VBL than the CSL group (P<.001). The CSL group scored significantly lower OHIP-14 values (better OHRQoL) than the IOD group for all values (P<.05). In comparison with implant-assisted partial overdentures, closed sinus lift with fixed prostheses had higher implant stability, reduced bone loss, and higher participant OHRQoL. However, peri-implant soft tissue health was found to be better with implant overdentures.

Comparative clinical evaluation of the stability of implants using double acid etching treatment with and without the addition of fluoride solution: A randomized clinical trial.

Osseointegration depends on primary stability, and further, implant surface modifications may improve secondary stability. This randomized clinical trial evaluates whether adding a fluoride solution enhances the implant stability. Stability of dental implants with two different types of surface treatments was compared utilizing resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Twelve patients were recruited: eight females and four males with an average age of 58.3 years and they received either double acid etched implants (control: Porus Implant, Sistema Conexão) and double acid etched implants containing fluoride on their surfaces (test: Porus Nano Implant, Sistema Conexão). Each patient received one implant from the test category and another implant from the control category, resulting in 24 implants in this study. RFA, utilizing Osstell was used to assess the implant stability, immediately after the placement of implant and 15, 30 and 45 days post-implant placement. At the initial time, there was no difference between the test and control groups regarding the ISQ. However, after 15, 30, and 45 days, ISQ values for the test group were significantly higher than the control group. When using implants without fluoride addition, it was observed that after 15 days, the ISQ values were lower than those found at the initial time, but after 30 days, values matched the initial. Concerning the test group results, the ISQ values from T0 (immediately after implant placement) to T3 (45 days after implant placement) always increased from every period of evaluation. It was concluded that double acid etched implants with surfaces containing fluoride solution increases the implant stability quotient, compared to implants with fluoride-free double acid etched surfaces.

A short review on the effect of mechanical vibration in the evaluation and replacement of bone cement-anchored implants in human bone

Mechanical vibration can be defined as the regular or irregular repetitive movement that makes the body leave its resting state. Mechanical vibrations have an important role in keeping the bones and joints healthy. This review study aimed to investigate the effect of mechanical vibration in the evaluation and replacement of bone cement-anchored implants in human bone. The empirical studies related to mechanical vibrations and bone cement-anchored implants were reviewed. The combinations used to search for studies related to the topic included mechanical vibrations, evaluation, replacement, bone, cement-anchored implants, and human bone. The reviewed studies show that mechanical vibration, either local or whole-body, promotes bone growth in and around the implant. The stimulation of bone growth is important for the strength and durability of cement-anchored bone implants. Through the reviewed studies, it was concluded that local or whole-body mechanical vibration improves the stability and durability of bone and bone implants. Mechanical vibration achieves this effect by increasing bone formation in and around the implants and by improving the contact between the implant and the bone.

Osseo-densification for preservation and compaction of alveolar bone in enhancing stability of dental implants: A systematic review

A higher implant failure rate may be associated with a lack of primary stability. Primary stability is a stationary, entirely mechanical parameter that determines when an implant is placed. Several methods have been developed to improve the primary implant's level of stability. However, Osseo-densification (OD) is a revolutionary implant preparation approach that addresses these issues and enhances the main stability of implants inserted into low-density bones. In light of this, the present systematic review was conducted to understand the Osseo-densification for preservation and compaction of alveolar bone in enhancing the stability of the dental implant. Research papers from PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Web of Science, Medline searched. The most recent literature suggests that using the Osseo-densification drilling protocol increases the overall value of implant insertion torque and, consequently, increases the primary stability of implants. To evaluate the caliber of the contained research, CARE, ARRIVE, and modified CONSORT checklists were employed. 133 full texts were chosen for further investigation after duplicates were removed and titles and abstracts were reviewed of these, 27 entire texts met the inclusion criteria. The thorough literature search identified 6 Case Studies &amp; Case Series, 11 in vivo animal studies, and ten /experimental animal studies that noted the use of the Osseo-densification technique. The data from most recent animal in vivo/in vitro studies and case reports / case series suggest that Osseo-densification drilling protocol increases the overall value of implant insertion torque and, as a result, increases implant primary stability.

Influencing factors and evaluation methods for early stability of immediate implant.

At present, implant restoration has become a hot research topic in the field of prosthodontics. The in-depth studies of new materials and new technologies enable immediate implantation, immediate and early loading to be realized, which meets the needs of patients for shortening the course of implant restoration and obtaining better aesthetic effects. However, compared with the traditional delayed implantation technology, it is equally challenging for clinicians how to achieve and even improve the initial and long-term stability of implants in order to raise the success rate of implant restoration. The initial stability of the implant is influenced by a combination of factors, including the implant, the patient's condition, and the surgical procedure. Recently, there have been a lot of studies on the influencing factors and common research methods for immediate implant stability and bone healing. Summarizing and analyzing them can provide reference for preoperative evaluation, surgical plan and loading timing of immediate implant restoration in the later stage.

A scoring system to evaluate stability of percutaneous osseointegrated implants for transfemoral amputation with validation in the ITAP clinical trial.

Percutaneous osseointegrated implants for individuals with lower limb amputation can increase mobility, reduce socket related pain, and improve quality of life. It would be useful to have an evaluation method to assess the interface between bone and implant. We assessed outpatient radiographs from the Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prosthesis clinical trial using an interface scoring system which summed and weighted equally measures of implant collar cortical ongrowth and radiolucency along the implant stem/bone interface. Radiographs from 12 participants with unilateral transfemoral amputations (10 males, 2 females, mean age = 43.2, SD = 7.4 years) in the clinical trial from cohort I (implanted in 2008/09) or cohort II (implanted in 2013/14) were collated (mean image span = 7.2, SD = 2.4 years), scale normalised, zoned, and measured in a repeatable way. Interface scores were calculated and then compared to clinical outcomes. Explanted participants received the lowest interface scores. A higher ratio of stem to residuum and shorter residuum's produced better interface scores and there was an association (weak correlation) between participants with thin cortices and the lowest interface scores. A tapered, cemented, non curved stem may provide advantageous fixation while stem alignment did not appear critical. In summary, the interface score successfully demonstrated a non-invasive evaluation of percutaneous osseointegrated implants interfaces when applied to the Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prosthesis clinical trial. The clinical significance of this work is to identify events leading to aseptic or septic implant removal and contribute to clinical guidelines for monitoring rehabilitation, design and surgical fixation choices.

Surface modification of PEEK implants for craniofacial reconstruction and aesthetic augmentation-fiction or reality?

Facial implantology, a crucial facet of plastic and reconstructive surgery, focuses on optimizing implant materials for facial augmentation and reconstruction. This manuscript explores the use of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants in craniofacial surgery, highlighting the challenges and advancements in this field. While PEEK offers mechanical resilience, durability, and compatibility with imaging modalities, its biologically inert nature hinders integration with the host tissue, which may lead to complications. In this systematic review, our aim was to assess the current state of knowledge regarding the clinical evaluation of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants in facial implantology, with a focus on craniofacial augmentation and reconstruction in human studies. Additionally, we explore and discuss surface and structural modifications that may enhance bioreactivity and reduce complications in PEEK implants. A systematic review identified 32 articles detailing the use of PEEK Patient-Specific Implants (PSIs) in 194 patients for both reconstructive and aesthetic purposes. Complications, including infections and implant failures, were reported in 18% of cases, suggesting the need for improved implant materials. The discussion delves into the limitations of PEEK, prompting the exploration of surface and structural modifications to enhance its bioreactivity. Strategies, such as hydroxyapatite coating, titanium coating, and porous structures show promise in improving osseointegration and reducing complications. However, the literature review did not reveal reports of coated or modified PEEK in facial reconstructive or aesthetic surgery. In conclusion, although PEEK implants have been successfully used in craniofacial reconstruction, their biological inertness poses challenges. Surface modifications, particularly hydroxyapatite coatings, provide opportunities to promote osseointegration. Future research should focus on prospective long-term studies, especially in craniofacial surgery, to investigate the stability of uncoated PEEK implants and the potential benefits of surface modifications in clinical applications. Patient-specific PEEK implants hold promise for achieving durable craniofacial reconstruction and augmentation.

First-in-Human Pilot Study to Assess Methodology for Using a Mineral-Organic Bone Adhesive for Optimization of Primary Stability and Implant Success for Implants Glued into Immediate Extraction Sockets and Immediately Temporized: Pilot Study.

To assess the handling properties and clinical function of a new class of material, a so-called mineral-organic bone adhesive (Tetranite; TN), which as yet has no precedent in orthopedic or oral and maxillofacial surgery, for clinically unstable implants placed in immediate extraction sockets and immediately temporized in the anterior maxilla. A cohort of up to 15 patients requiring between one and four immediate dental implants placed into maxillary extraction sockets from canine to canine were eligible for inclusion. Implants had to be unstable with an insertion torque of < 15 Ncm. Implants were then stabilized using TN, which was allowed to set before reassessing stability using both torque and resonance frequency measurements. Implant stability quotients (ISQs) taken after TN setting were compared to ISQs taken prior to its application, and the implants had to demonstrate resistance to a forward torque of 20 Ncm to be considered stable. ISQs were monitored at 1 week and 1, 3, 7, and 12 months postplacement. In addition, peri-implant tissue health was monitored, adverse events were recorded, and implant success was determined at 1 year postplacement. Eleven patients received a total of 14 implants. Three out of the first six implants failed within 1 month (50%), and thus a protocol amendment was made to remove steps considered potentially destructive to the bonding process. As a result of these amendments, only one further failure was experienced for the next eight implants placed (12.5%). Mean ISQ data averaged for buccolingual and mesiodistal measurements demonstrated a baseline value before TN application of 59.1 Ncm (SD: ± 9.7; range: 40.5 to 73.0). After final setting of the TN, mean ISQ measured 71.9 Ncm (± 6.5; 56.0 to 80.0). At 3 months, just prior to restoration placement, mean ISQ measured 71.0 Ncm (± 6.6; 57.0 to 78.0). Thereafter, the mean ISQ continued to increase at both the 7- and 12-month follow-ups with scores of 78.9 (± 4.6; 72.0 to 84.5) and 80.3 (± 3.8; 74.5 to 85.0), respectively. The surviving 10 implants went on to be fully restored and remained in function beyond the end of the study period to yield a final success rate of 71.4%. The purpose of a first-in-human study is to demonstrate an extrapolation of preclinical data into the controlled human clinical arena. It is an opportunity to learn what does and does not translate well from experimental data. In that regard, the current pilot study can be deemed a complete success. The implant survival rate of 71.4%, while disappointing, should be considered in light of the protocol amendments identified, the user handling experience learned, and the opportunity to modify the material to better perform in the human patient, as all represent important lessons learned. The notable increase in ISQ sheds light on the nature by which the glue was substituted for bone to yield a stable implant by the end of the study period.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭРИТРОПОЭТИНА НА ПЕРВИЧНУЮ СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ ИМПЛАНТАТА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ПОЧЕК

Study Subject. The study of factors that improve bone repair-one of the current clinical areas of surgical dentistry. In our study, we hypothesized that the addition of EPO to the material in reconstructive surgeries prior to dental implant placement may also have similar effects, increasing osseointegration in the bone of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Erythropoietins (EPO) have been experimentally demonstrated to be involved in bone remodeling, induction of angiogenesis and secretion of a large number of trophic factors in animals.&#x0D; Objective to study the primary implant stability in CBD patients of both sexes with different bone categories and types, and the effect on EPO stability during delayed dental implantation (DDI).&#x0D; Methodology. Patients between 45 and 59 years of age who were indicated for implant dentures were included in the study. Implants were placed in the lateral and distal portions of the maxilla (LF) and mandible (LF).&#x0D; Results and their discussion. Depending on the gender, clubular filtration rate (CBF), 12 groups of examined patients were distinguished, each of which corresponded to a certain stage of CKD. Two more gender groups were made up of patients on ambulatory hemodialysis and corresponding to stage G5 of CKD – stage G5g. 728 implantations were performed, of which 368 (50.69%) in native bone, 112 (15.38%) in partially regenerated bone, and 248 (33.07%) in fully regenerated bone. The rotational stability index (IT) was determined using a calibrated manual torque wrench. The axial stability index – Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) was calculated using the RchA system – Osstell ISQ – by screwing the SmartPeg Type to the implant. Each index was studied immediately after implant insertion or 6 months after reconstructive surgery, in situations where CI was not previously performed. In a prospective cohort study of a select group (those taking EPO and those without), the use of erythropoietin during dental implant surgery had a significant effect on implant stability when DI was performed according to a delayed protocol.

A graftless maxillary sinus lifting approach with simultaneous dental implant placement: a prospective clinical study

PurposeThis study aimed to introduce a graftless sinus lifting approach with simultaneous dental implant placement in the alveolus of the posterior maxilla and compare this approach’s outcomes in freshly extracted sockets versus healed sockets.Materials and methodsA prospective study was conducted on 60 patients aged between 27 and 59 years old, requiring dental implants in the posterior maxilla, and diagnosed with reduced vertical bone height (30 with freshly extracted sockets (group A) and the remaining 30 with healed sockets (group B). Before the sinus lifting approach, a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken, followed by another CBCT at least one-year post-sinus lifting (range: 12–36 months). Biological and mechanical complications were assessed, and the primary implant stability was measured using the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ). Parametric data were analyzed using an independent t-test for intergroup comparisons, with significance set at P < 0.05.ResultsNo significant differences were found among groups concerning gender, placement side, and follow-up. All dental implants demonstrated high survival rates with no observed biological or mechanical complications. Moreover, the primary implant stability was satisfactory, and there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.38). In terms of new intrasinus bone formation, both groups exhibited satisfactory and successful outcomes, with increased new bone formation in group A. However, there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.26). Regarding the vertical sinus floor elevation without new bone formation, group B showed (0.11 ± 0.64) mm of intrasinus implant height without bone formation, while group A showed an increment of bone formation above the intrasinus implant (0.22 ± 0.33) mm, with no statistically significant difference between both groups (P = 0.30).ConclusionOur approach proves to be predictable, low-cost, and efficient option for sinus lift procedures, demonstrating high survival rates with acceptable primary implant stability. Moreover, it yields satisfactory outcomes in terms of new intrasinus bone formation, both in freshly extracted and healed sockets. Consequently, our approach holds promise as a reliable procedure for sinus lifting with simultaneous dental implant placement.

Insights into the rotational stability of toric intraocular lens implantation: diagnostic approaches, influencing factors and intervention strategies.

Toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) have been developed to enhance visual acuity impaired by cataracts and correct corneal astigmatism. However, residual astigmatism caused by postoperative rotation of the toric IOL is an important factor affecting visual quality after implantation. To decrease the rotation of the toric IOL, significant advancements have been made in understanding the characteristics of toric IOL rotation, the factors influencing its postoperative rotation, as well as the development of various measurement techniques and interventions to address this issue. It has been established that factors such as the patient's preoperative refractive status, biological parameters, surgical techniques, postoperative care, and long-term management significantly impact the rotational stability of the toric IOL. Clinicians should adopt a personalized approach that considers these factors to minimize the risk of toric IOL rotation and ensure optimal outcomes for each patient. This article reviews the influence of various factors on toric IOL rotational stability. It discusses new challenges that may be encountered to reduce and intervene with rotation after toric IOL implantation in the foreseeable future.

Comparative Analysis of Surface Modification Techniques for Assessing Oral Implant Osseointegration: An Animal Study.

Effective implant placement depends critically on the implant's level of osseointegration with the alveolar bone. To increase osseointegration during implant placement, research has concentrated on the surface modificationof implants, and morphological analyses have looked at the thread pattern in close interaction with the bone's surface. This study aimed to assess and compare the extent of oral implant osseointegration in different surface modification techniques. In this study, 12 healthy adult dogs aged 18-24 months were used. Tooth extractions were performed on both sides of the mandible, and wounds were closed with sutures. Two months later, the right mandible of each dog underwent local anesthesia and general anesthesia. Four different implant types were placed based on their surface treatments: resorbable blast media (RBM)-treated implants, hydroxyapatite (HA) implants with an ultra-thin HA film, hydrothermal-treated HA implants coated with HA, and sandblasting combined acid etching (SLA) implants treated with plasma spray and acid etching. A total of 48 implants were divided into two- and four-week groups, with identical dimensions. Each dog received two implants from each group, for a total of eight implants per dog. The implants were securely placed into the superior alveolar bone with a torque greater than 35-N up to a depth of 1 mm. Periotest M (Medizintechnik Gulden e.K., Modautal, Germany) was used to calculate the periotest value (PTV) as a typical value on the buccal side of each implant immediately following placement and sacrifice to test the main fixation and stability of the implants. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was utilised by Osstell Mentor (Osstell AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) to simultaneously assess the implant stability quotient (ISQ) on the medial, distal, buccal, and lingual sides of the implant. The rotational torque in one of the sacrificed dogs was calculated using the MGT 50 (ELECTROMATIC Equipment Co., Inc., New York, USA) torque analyzer. The histomorphometric evaluation was performed using an optical microscope (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The upper half's bone-implant contact (BIC), which was found to be more important for implant stability, was studied together with the ratio of the new bone formation area (NBFA) to the complete implant. The maximum stability was observed in HA-treated implants in the fourth week. The minimum stability was observed in hydrothermal-treated HA implants in the fourth week. The stability in each group was greater in the four-week evaluation as compared to the two-week evaluation. The stability was satisfactory in almost all implants at two- and three-week evaluations. The maximum value of the percentage area of newly formed bone at the two- and four-week evaluations was observed in HA-treated implants. The minimum value of the percentage of the area of newly formed bone at two- and four-week evaluations was observed in SLA and RBM-treated implants respectively. The difference was significant statistically (p ≤ 0.05). All implant surface modifications, in general, produced satisfactory osseointegration. Excellent osseointegration was seen in the upper portion of the implant with hydrothermally treated HA.

IMPLANT SURVIVAL IN RENAL-TRANSPLANTED PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE LONG-TERM STUDY.

The present study aims to assess the feasibility of implant rehabilitation in kidney-transplanted patients. Patients with kidney transplantation included in periodontal supportive care and at least one year of dialysis with mono- or partial edentulism were eligible for this study. Histomorphometric evaluation of the harvested bone was matched with radiological bone assessment. Implant stability was also monitored with RFA and ITV. Fixed cemented prostheses have been delivered after conventional loading protocol. Supportive periodontal therapy has been administered. Eleven patients (9 males and 2 females) were included. The mean age was 58.1 ± 9.9 years. A total of 17 implants were inserted and analyzed. Mean ITV was 39.3 ± 23.8 Ncm. The mean primary stability (ISQ) at T0 was 71.7 ± 10.5, whereas the mean secondary stability at T1 was 73.0 ± 7.3. The minimum follow-up was 62 months, with a maximum of 84 months (7 years) reached by four patients. Fourteen out of 15 implants were in function at a 5-year follow-up (survival rate 93.3%). Two implants showed peri-implantitis. Seventeen bone samples were collected (13 in the mandible and 4 in the maxilla). The mean percentage of marrow spaces and lamellar bone was 41.6% and 58.4%, respectively. Class 3, according to Misch classification, was found as the mean value of radiological bone density. It can be concluded that implant-supported rehabilitation in kidney-transplanted patients is possible. Adequate periodontal maintenance allows implant rehabilitation in kidney transplanted patients with long-term sufficient survival rates.

Correlation Between Acquisition of Dental Implant Stability and Hounsfield Units at Dental Implant Placement.

Alveolar bone quality at the implantation site affects the initial stability of dental implant treatment. However, the relationship between bone quality and osseointegration has yet to be evaluated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of bone quality on dental implant stability in osseointegration formation changes. Patients underwent computed tomography imaging before dental implantation at the posterior. Hounsfield units were measured at the platform, middle, and tip sites. Implant stability was measured using resonance frequency analysis immediately and at three months postoperatively, in which the difference in implant stability quotients was defined as the change between primary and secondary fixation. In multiple regression analysis, the dependent variable was the change between the immediate and secondary fixations. We included 81 implants that conformed to the criteria. Primary fixation yielded the following results: R2 = 0.117, F = 2.529, and P = 0.047. The difference between the maxilla and mandible of the implantation site (P=0.02) and the platform site Hounsfield units (P=0.019) were identified as significant factors. The following results were obtained regarding the change between the immediate and secondary fixation: R2 = 0.714, F = 40.964, and P < 0.001. The difference between diameter (P=0.008) and the immediate ISQ (P < 0.001) were identified as significant factors. Overall, the bone quality of the implantation site affected initial fixation; however, it had limited effect on secondary fixation. Our findings clarified the period where bone quality affects dental implant treatment and is expected to advance dental implant treatment.

Correlation Between Acquisition of Dental Implant Stability and Hounsfield Units at Dental Implant Placement.

Alveolar bone quality at the implantation site affects the initial stability of dental implant treatment. However, the relationship between bone quality and osseointegration has yet to be evaluated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of bone quality on dental implant stability in osseointegration formation changes. Patients underwent computed tomography imaging before dental implantation at the posterior. Hounsfield units were measured at the platform, middle, and tip sites. Implant stability was measured using resonance frequency analysis immediately and at 3 months postoperatively, in which the difference in implant stability quotients (ISQ) was defined as the change between primary and secondary fixation. In multiple regression analysis, the dependent variable was the change between the immediate and secondary fixations. We included 81 implants that conformed to the criteria. Primary fixation yielded the following results: R2 = 0.117, F = 2.529, and P = .047. The difference between the maxilla and mandible of the implantation site (P = .02) and the platform-site Hounsfield units (P = .019) were identified as significant factors. The following results were obtained regarding the change between the immediate and secondary fixation: R2 = 0.714, F = 40.964, and P < .001. The difference between diameter (P = .008) and the immediate ISQ (P < .001) were identified as significant factors. Overall, the bone quality of the implantation site affected initial fixation; however, it had limited effect on secondary fixation. Our findings clarified the period where bone quality affects dental implant treatment and is expected to advance dental implant treatment.

Effect of Surface Topography on the Primary Stability of Miniscrew Implants in Orthodontics—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT This present study has the purpose of determining how surface topography of implants affects the initial stability of miniscrew implants (MSIs). Electronic databases like PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, as well as reference lists, were thoroughly searched up until September 2022. Clinical trials involving individuals who got anchorage through mini-implants, along with information on categories of mini-implants dimension, shape, thread design, and insertion site, were required as part of the eligibility criteria. Primary and secondary stability were also assessed. We carried out selection process for the study, extraction of data, quality assessment, and a meta-analysis. The qualitative synthesis included 10 papers: three randomized, four prospective, and four retrospective clinical investigations. The results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that the clinical state of MIs is controlled by their geometrical surface qualities, which are also influenced by their shape and thread design. According to the evidence this meta-analysis produced, this circumstance exists. The duration of the follow-up period and MI success rates did not correlate with one another.

Primary stability with osseodensification drilling of dental implants in the posterior maxilla region in humans: A systematic review.

Currently, a new non-subtractive drilling technique, called osseodensification (OD), has been developed. It involves using specially designed drills with large negative cutting angles that rotate counterclockwise, causing expansion through plastic bone deformation, thus compacting the autologous bone to the osteotomy walls, which improves the primary stability of the implant.The present systematic review aimed to determine whether the OD technique can increase the primary stability of dental implants in the posterior maxilla region as compared to the conventional drilling (CD) technique.Five databases were searched up to June 30, 2022. The inclusion criteria embraced observational clinical studies, randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, human studies in vivo, comparing OD and CD, with the measurement of the primary stability of implants in the posterior maxilla region by means of the implant stability quotient (ISQ). The tools used to assess the risk of bias were RoB 2 and the NewcastleOttawa Scale (NOS).Seven articles met the inclusion criteria, with 4 classified as having a low risk of bias and 3 with a moderate risk of bias. The OD technique consistently demonstrated an average ISQ value of 73 KHz across all studies, whereas CD yielded an average value of 58.49 kHz (p < 0.001 for 5 articles).It can be concluded that in comparison with CD, OD improves primary stability at baseline in low-density bone, such as the maxilla.

Evaluating the Role of Nanoparticles in Enhancing Bone Regeneration in Dental Implantology

ABSTRACT Background: Dental implantology has witnessed substantial progress in recent years, driven by a growing emphasis on optimizing bone regeneration around dental implants. Nanoparticles have emerged as a potential tool for enhancing osseointegration and bone tissue regeneration Materials and Methods: This human clinical trial enrolled 60 adult participants requiring dental implants. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a control group receiving conventional dental implants, and an experimental group receiving dental implants with nanoparticle-coated surfaces. Radiographic imaging, histological analysis of bone biopsies, and implant stability assessments were conducted at three and six months post-implantation. Results: Histological examination of bone biopsies revealed a statistically significant increase in new bone formation in the experimental group compared to the control group at both three and six months (P &lt; 0.05). Radiographic assessment demonstrated a 25% higher bone density around nanoparticle-coated implants (P &lt; 0.01) at the six-month mark. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) measurements indicated a 20% greater stability in the experimental group (P &lt; 0.05) at the same time point Conclusion: This human clinical trial provides strong evidence that the incorporation of nanoparticles on dental implant surfaces enhances bone regeneration and osseointegration in a human population.

Comparison of the Photofunctionalization and Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Immediate Implants

ABSTRACT Introduction: Many adjuvant methods have been researched to enhance the immediate implant success in the recent times. The study’s goal was to compare the aesthetic and biological results of immediate dental implants in the aesthetic zone to standard tapered root form implants that had not undergone pre-treatment with platelet-rich plasma or photofunctionalization. Materials and Methods: The study used a randomized controlled trial as its design. Ninety subjects were chosen at random and placed into three groups: a control group, a case group, and a group that needed replacement of their maxillary anterior teeth right away following extraction. The interventional groups received the “Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)” or “Photofunctionalization (PF)” group before the implant placement. After the delayed loading approach, the prosthesis was given after 6 months. At the second and fourth weeks, as well as 2, 4, 6, and 12 months (P 0.05), follow-up was conducted. The success and survival rate, aesthetic, and biological outcomes were assessed. One-way ANOVA was used to compare outcomes, and repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess intragroup variations over baseline and follow-up. Results: The distal, mesial, and mean marginal bone loss as well as the aesthetic scores for pink and white did not differ significantly between groups. The implant stability however was significantly higher in the PF and PRP groups as compared to the controls. A single implant failed in all the three groups. The success percentage was similar for all the groups. Conclusion: The stability of immediate dental implants pre-treated with PRP or PF differed statistically significantly than the subjects in the control group, while other parameters remained the similar between the groups.