Imperial Service Research Articles

William Tryon and the Course of Empire: A Life in British Imperial Service.

Journal Article William Try on and the Course of Empire: A Life in British Imperial Service. By Paul David Nelson. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990. xvi + 250 pp. $24.95.) Get access Sheila L. Skemp Sheila L. Skemp University of Mississippi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 78, Issue 3, December 1991, Pages 1053–1054, https://doi.org/10.2307/2078831 Published: 01 December 1991

William Tryon and the Course of Empire: A Life in British Imperial Service.

William Tryon and the Course of Empire: A Life in British Imperial Service.

William Tryon and the course of empire: a life in British imperial service

William Tryon's role in the affairs of British America during the last years of the empire, and his inability to stem the collapse of that empire, makes for a fascinating story. Royal governor of North Carolina from 1765 to 1771 and then of New York from 1771 to 1780, Tryon became a general in the British army attempting to quell the American rebellion. This biography covers his life in service to the Crown through the end of the American Revolution.Paul Nelson argues that Tryon was a talented colonial administrator and a successful, even popular, governor largely because he understood American thinking on such basic constitutional issues as taxation, finance, and trade policy. British home authorities failed to follow Tryon's sage counsel regarding the governance of the colonies, advice that might have forestalled the Revolution. In particular, Tryon, like Edmund Burke and others in Parliament, could not convince British ministers that Americans would never accept internal taxes imposed upon them by London.Once the war broke out and Tryon's role changed from governing to leading Loyalist American troops, he was an advocate of harsh, retributive warfare against his former charges. Nelson follows Tryon's military career, especially his debates with colleagues such as Sir Henry Clinton on the wisdom of hard-line versus conciliatory approach to the fighting. And after the war, Nelson shows, Tryon's connections with those unfortunate Americans who came out on the losing side of the great imperial struggle retained an important place in his life. An exciting drama in its own right, Tryon's story also serves to illuminate a number of issues important to historians of the Revolutionary War. Played out on two continents and in two important American colonies, amid the stirring events that resulted in the formation of the United States of America, Tryon's life is significant for understanding many aspects of politics and society in the Anglo-American world of the eighteenth century.Originally published in 1990.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.

James Frederic Danielli: 13 November 1911-22 April 1984.

James Frederic Danielli was born on 13 November 1911 in London. His great-grandfather, Joseph James Danielli, had come to England in the 19th century from his native Italy as an expert woodcarver. Joseph’s eldest son, Arthur, was an artist in stained glass, who spent much of his working life in the Catholic churches and great cathedrals of mainland Europe and in Ireland, living with the priests in the monasteries of the day. (I like to think of that earlier Danielli’s genes remaining in his descendant and giving our Jim Danielli that light and sparkle with which we always associated him.) The second of Arthur’s five children, James Frederic, was the father of our James Frederic, and grew up in London in a strict Catholic enclave, with the children being educated in convents. He was an outstandingly gifted man, endowed with good looks and charm, who went on to a distinguished career in the civil service, being eventually awarded the Imperial Service Order. At the age of 18 he had married Helena Mary Hollins, across religious boundaries. The young couple lived in the Hollins parents’ home in the country village of Alperton, near the then small town of Wembley, where James Frederic was born, followed two years later by his sister Bertha. The two grew up in a comfortable, easy and extremely happy atmosphere as ‘country’ children. They were always well occupied and encouraged to do whatever they were doing to the best of their ability, their father telling them that if they knew they were good at something, they should not be afraid of acknowledging this, an attitude that built confidence.

Inelastic analysis of the imperial county services building

Full scale ambient and forced vibration dynamic measurements of buildings have become a continuing research activity over the last twenty years or so. One building that has been studied in such a way was the Imperial County Services Building which was also instrumented with a number of seismographs. On the 15 October 1979, this building suffered major structural damage in a powerful earthquake.
 This paper briefly describes the ICSB and the damage that occurred, before discussing the computer models that were analysed to study the likely inelastic behaviour of the building. Though the analytical time histories do not show very good agreement with the seismograph results, they do show that the transverse component of the earthquake had a significant effect on the behaviour of the building on account of a non-symmetric arrangement of the ground floor shear walls in the transverse direction. Another factor was the placing of a ground level slab above the detailed column hinges.

The Role of Hong Kong Educated Chinese in the Shaping of Modern China

Although it is under the rule and administration of the British, Hong Kong is geographically, socially, economically and politically linked with China. The part played by Hong Kong in the 1911 Revolution has been noted in a number of works, published or unpublished. This paper, however, proposes to examine the role of the Hong Kong educated Chinese in the modernization of China, limiting the study to those who had attended schools in Hong Kong before 1911 and their activities in China during the late Ch'ing and early republican years. During these decades, the English education afforded in the Anglo-Chinese schools in Hong Kong succeeded not only in turning out people who later became leading citizens of the local community but also in producing Western-educated young men who went to China to be engaged in the imperial service, participating directly or indirectly in the various reform programmes in China; while still a greater number, having received some English education in Hong Kong, were recruited into the various modern schools in China to receive training for new careers—modern diplomacy, warfare, engineering, medicine, as well as modern communication and transportation. A number, however, played leading roles in the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty and in the establishment of the Republic of China—among them Dr Sun Yat-sen, father of the Republic and its first President, and Wang Ch'ung-hui, its first Foreign Minister.

An Imperial Dilemma: The Reluctant Indianization of the Indian Political Service

One of the most difficult sets of questions for any imperial power or ruling group is if, when, and how to open the ranks of the imperial services to the imperialized. For a considerable period of time there may be logical enough reasons, related to imperial security and distrust of the conquered, for avoiding these questions altogether. However, sooner or later it becomes neccessary to win the collaboration of the losers, and then certain ‘liberalizing’, or just realistic tendencies begin to prevail. These are often inspired more by ‘home’ influences than by ‘out-post’ sentiment which tends to be more suspicious of its recent victims. Nevertheless, somewhere along the line a sometimes embarrassing precedent is made, and the integration or localization of the imperial civil and military services, and even of the executive, is undertaken. Usually the start is at the lowest levels, the clerks and soldiers, but later the upper or officer class also begins to lose its initial imperial or racial solidarity.

Award of Imperial Service Order to Norman Lewis

Award of Imperial Service Order to Norman Lewis

Orientalism at the service of imperialism

Orientalism at the service of imperialism

Ambiguity and Meaning in The Master and Margarita: The Role of Afranius

Perhaps the most mysterious and elusive figure in Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita is Afranius, a man who has been in Judea for fifteen years working in the Roman imperial service as chief of the procurator of Judea's secret police. He is present in all four Judean chapters of the novel (chapters 2, 16, 25, 26) as one of the myriad connecting links, though we really do not know who he is for certain until near the end of the third of these chapters, “How the Procurator Tried to Save Judas of Karioth.” We first meet him in chapter 2 (which is related by Woland and entitled “Pontius Pilate”) simply as “some man” (kakoi-to chelovek), face half-covered by a hood, in a darkened room in the palace of Herod the Great, having a brief whispered conversation with Pilate, who has just finished his fateful talk with Caiaphas (E, p. 39; R, pp. 50-51). Fourteen chapters later, in the chapter dreamed by Ivan Bezdomnyi and entitled “The Execution” (chapter 16), we meet him for the second time, now bringing up the rear of the convoy escorting the prisoners to Golgotha and identified only as “that same hooded man with whom Pilate had briefly conferred in a darkened room of the palace” (E, p. 170; R, p. 218). “The hooded man” attends the entire execution sitting in calm immobility on a three-legged stool, “occasionally out of boredom poking the sand with a stick” (E, p. 172; R, p. 220). When the Tribune of the Cohort arrives, presumably bearing Pilate's orders to terminate the execution, he (the Tribune) speaks first to Krysoboi (Muribellum), who goes to pass on the orders to the executioners, and then to “the man on the three-legged stool,” according to whose gestures the executioners arouse Yeshua from his stupor, offer him a drink which he avidly accepts, and then kill him by piercing him “gently” (tikhon'ko) through his heart with a spear.

Science and Scientists in the Service of Imperialism

Science and Scientists in the Service of Imperialism

The Social Characteristics of the Early Nineteenth-Century Russian Bureaucracy

Serious scholarly study of the imperial Russian civil service is almost entirely the product of the past decade, and although several important works have appeared, virtually no quantitative material on the social characteristics of the bureaucracy is available. The imperial government did not publish and probably did not compile statistics on such matters as the social origin, wealth, religion, or education of its civil employees, but the raw data for a partial compilation are available in personnel records (formuliarnie spiski) of individual officials, which are preserved in the Central State Historical Archive in Leningrad.

Egor Scheffer--Russia's Hawaiian interloper.

EARLY eighteenth-century island hopping by an opportunistic, wily German physician played a little-noted but dramatic role in Czarist Russia's colonial interests in the present states of Alaska and Hawaii.The events that led to Egor Nikolaevich Scheffer's position as collegiate assessor of the Russian Imperial Service in the Pacific Sandwich Islands1 began with his birth as Georg Anton Schäffer January 27, 1779, in Münnerstadt, Bavaria. After finishing apothecary school and practicing his profession in Hungary and Galicia, he sought a medical education."The unspecified disciplinary difficulties"2 that culminated in his expulsion reveal perhaps for the first time his inability to . . .

The Strange Career of Francis Nicholson

IN Francis Nicholson's day, strange meant added or introduced from outside, adventitious, external. For the English colonist viewing Nicholson as an outside force obtruded into local politics and society, as adventitious in his representation of a royal authority whose scope was questioned by some American political leaders, as concerned with the external functions of defense, diplomacy, and intercolonial co-operation, Nicholson's career in America was indeed strange. During Nicholson's years in public life, from i678 to I728, the royal governors were the tools of the Crown when the Crown symbolized authority to the English, notoriously the most rebellious people of the western world. To preserve social order the Crown turned to the only disciplined force available, the army, and installed army officers as governors and soldiers as garrisons for the strategic places of the realm, whether English towns, African ports, or American colonies. The Revolution of i688 neither blunted this drive of the executive to impose social order nor removed the army as the ready instrument for its purpose. During much of the remaining forty years of Nicholson's career, the Crown progressively tightened its control of the colonies through imperial administrators who conceived of government as an army duty and whose political and social ideas were largely formed by military posts. These posts included a variety of governorships in England, on the continent, and in every area of the empire, governorships which were viewed as paramilitary positions by the Crown and treated as such by the officers in government. Army commissioners inaugurated the imperial service of most royal governors, more than 6o per cent of whom, in Nicholson's lifetime (i655-I728), were career army officers.1 Officers who served in the same

John A. Macdonald on Raising Troops in Canada for Imperial Service, 1885

N an 'article published in this Rv. vmw in December, 1952, • the present writer mentioned that a letter written by Six John A. M cdonald in February, 1885, in w ich heoffer d advic to Lord Lansdowne on the question ofraising troops in Canada for imperial service, had not been found but might yet come to light. It has now done so, being included in a microfilm of additional items from the Minto Papers received by the Public Archives of Canada during the past year? As forecast, i was addressed to Lord Melgund (later Lord Minto), Lansdowne's secretary, who used the letter in 1899 in a discussion with Sir Willrid Laurier on the interpretation of the Mfiitia Act. It is printed herewith. The letter forestailed a request from the Governor General for Macdonald's observations on a cable from the Colonial Secretary inquixing for the views of the Canadian government on offers made by Canadian officers to raise forces for service in the Sudan. Its general content is as indicated in the docmnents, including Lord Lansdowne's reply, which were already available. Its particular interest consists in Macdonald's rather marked friendliness to the

China's Imperial Bureaucracy: Its Direction and Control

B ECAUSE historic example helps give perspective to contemporary problems, current administrative theory might do well to examine the administrative system of Imperial China. That was a civil service of great longevity, existing with relatively fixed form and function for some one thousand years; and, equally important, it was an administrative system designed to meet problems of striking modernity. The Chinese civil service was structured to recruit men of undeniable talent into the bureaucracy and to retain these talented few for a lifetime of service within the bureaucratic ranks. It was also concerned with, and made provision for, insuring the loyalty of those within the administrative system, not only to the then-existing governmental structure, but to the ideals and ethics of the greater society as well. And finally, the imperial service was organized to insure a system of centralized direction and control while at the same time offering scope for discretion and policy-making throughout the administrative ranks.' All of these accomplishments, of course, are of concern to present-day administration; but of the three, perhaps most important is the last: the working out of an accommodation between bureaucratic policy-making and the existence of a centralized control over the administration. A search for this accommodation, in proper

The relation between migration‐rate and type of habitat in aquatic inseets, with special reference to certain species of Corixidae.

SUMMARY. In a newly filled pond at Haileybury and Imperial Service College, Hertfordshire, the progress of colonization by Corixidae was studied in the spring and early summer of 1949, and again in 1950. The different species appearing were recorded, and compared numerically from sample collections. The ratio of the numbers migrating into the pond to the numerical abundance of the same species in the surrounding district gave a rough comparison of their migration‐rates, which agreed closely with results obtained by other methods. Migration‐rates of different species were found to be correlated with the types of habitat which they normally frequent; those normally found in temporary habitats migrate much, while those found in permanent habitats migrate relatively little. Those species of Corixidae whose migration‐rate is restricted by brachypterism are also confined to permanent habitats. The significance of this correlation between habitat‐type and migration rate is discussed. A high rate of migration is advantageous to species frequenting temporary bodies of water, and a low one to those frequenting permanent habitats. Such a correlation may be more widespread, not only in Corixidae but in other aquatic insects such as beetles. The factors controlling migration‐rate are (a) anatomical, involving reduction of wings (brachypterism) or of wing muscles (as in the beetle Noterus and the Hemiptera Nepa, Ranatra, Hyocoris), or both; and (b) of some other nature, probably physiological, which affect migratory tendency and behaviour (e. g. Corixidae).

The 'Flight' of Samonas

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe 'Flight' of SamonasR. J. H. JenkinsR. J. H. Jenkins Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 23, Number 2Apr., 1948 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2852953 Views: 3Total views on this site Citations: 6Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1948 The Mediaeval Academy of AmericaPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Mustafa Zeki TERZİ Emeviler ve Abbasiler Döneminde Suriye-Filistin Doğu Akdeniz Kıyılarında Gemi Tersaneleri ve Deniz Harekât Üsleri, İslami İlimler Dergisi 16, no.11 (Mar 2021): 7–29.https://doi.org/10.34082/islamiilimler.901942Max Ritter Inspired by the same desire?, (Jan 2019): 275–309.https://doi.org/10.4000/books.efr.4313Teresa Wolińska Synowie Hagar. Wiedza bizantyńczyków o armii arabskiej w świetle traktatów wojskowych z IX i X wieku, Vox Patrum 63 (Jul 2015): 397–416.https://doi.org/10.31743/vp.3571 Alexander D. Beihammer Defection across the Border of Islam and Christianity: Apostasy and Cross-Cultural Interaction in Byzantine-Seljuk Relations, Speculum 86, no.33 (Sep 2015): 597–651.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0038713411001138W. A. FARAG SOME REMARKS ON LEO OF TRIPOLI'S ATTACK ON THESSALONIKI IN 904 A. D., Byzantinische Zeitschrift 82, no.1-21-2 (Jan 1989).https://doi.org/10.1515/byzs.1989.82.1-2.133Otto G. Von Simson, Dom Anselm Strittmatter A Tribute to Albert Friend, Traditio 14 (Jul 2016): 422–455.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0362152900010217

The Later History of the Varangian Guard: Some Notes

The famous Varangian corps of mercenary soldiers in the service of the emperors of Byzantium is well known in its earlier days to have been recruited from the Scandinavian north. Forging their way from their own inhospitable lands the Northmen, first of all from Sweden, reached the Volga and the lands even to. the south of the Caspian; later by the ‘East Way’, called also the ‘Varangian Way’, they came down through Russia by way of the Dnieper and the Black Sea to Constantinople, first as pirates, then as traders, and finally as the most trusted guards of the imperial person. Later again they ventured on the all-sea route, the ‘West Way’, and also opened a path across Europe, either over the Alps or by way of Provence, and so through Italy: this was the ‘Southern Way’, otherwise called the ‘Way by Rome’ But in the eleventh century, in the first half of which Harald Hardrada, the most famous of all the Varangians, was in the imperial service, there was a certain change; recruits began to come increasingly from England.The first actual mention of the English name seems to be in a bull issued by the Emperor Alexios in 1088 to Christodoulos, the Abbot of the Monastery on Patmos.

Activities of the Imperial Agricultural Bureaux

THE seventh annual report (1935-36) of thfr|| Executive Council of the Imperial Agricultural Bureaux has now been published (London: H.M. Stationery Office, 5s.). In view of the British Com-; monwealth Scientific Conference held in London thkl| September, the volume is somewhat fuller than. usual. Particular interest will perhaps be found in the individual reports of the several institutes and bureaux, where abundant illustration is afforded of the value now attached to them by the number and diversity of the inquiries sent from all parts of the Empire, quite apart from their regular work of preparing and distributing abstract journals. Research workers in South Africa, Queensland, Sierra Leone, Cyprus, Mauritius, Victoria, India, northern England and the Gold Coast have asked for and obtained assistance from the Mycological Institute in the identification of fungi. At the Entomological Institute, insects from every country in the Empire have been received for identification. Other bureaux have assisted in obtaining material for plant breeding work, in supplying seeds, in arranging for the analysis of foodstuffs; whilst the laboratory attached to the Imperial Institute of Entomology collected and sent to Canada nearly three million parasites to aid in controlling the insect pests which were attacking the forests in Quebec and the Maritime Provinces. In fact, the report marks for the seventh year the success of an Imperial service, organized on a cooperative basis and directly controlled by representatives of all parts of the Commonwealth.