Imperative Statements Research Articles

APPEAL FOR DISPOSING GARBAGE IN THE CITY OF PADANG (A PRAGMATIC STUDY)

This study discusses the utterance of an appeal for disposing garbage in the city of Padang. The problems studied are what are the modes, types of utterances, how do the speakers urge the interlocutors to dispose of the trash, and what are the factors that influence the utterances of the appeal for disposing the trash in the city of Padang. The aim is to explain the mode, type of speech, how the speaker urges the interlocutor to dispose of the trash, and what are the factors that influence the utterance of the appeal for disposing the trash in the city of Padang. This research is a qualitative research that is descriptive in nature by collecting data using the listening method and analyzing data using the matching method. The findings of this study indicate that the mode used is declarative mode, interrogative mode, and imperative mode. The types of speech used include direct literal speech acts, direct non-literal speech acts, literal indirect speech acts, and non-literal indirect speech acts. The way the speaker urges the interlocutor to throw garbage in the city of Padang is done by using imperative sentences, using imperative sentences, using imperative statements, using information formulas, using interrogative sentences, praying, forbidding, inviting, threatening, using negations, saying thank you. , and using statements. Influencing factors are speaker factors which include age, education, and gender, speech atmosphere factors which include formal and informal, and place of speech factors.

Семантика императивных высказываний в современном киргизском языке

The cognitive features of imperative utterances in the modern Kyrgyz language have been investigated. As you know, the imperative has two different meanings: one means urgency, necessity and importance, and the other - attempts to influence the actions of other people. Imperative means something extremely important or necessary. It also means order. The analyzed imperative statements are considered in the mainstream of conceptual grammar, which allows you to highlight syntactic concepts, or mental images that stand behind linguistic signs and are reflected in the analyzed syntactic structures. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe imperative utterances in the Kyrgyz language, to reveal the mechanisms for changing the prototypical meaning of the verb lexicon in the structure of the imperative using theories such as the theory of functional styles, the theory of discourse, the theory of speech acts and the theory of grammar of constructions. The relevance of the article is due to the need to study the semantic features of the imperative statements of the modern Kyrgyz language. The purpose of this work is to show the features of imperatives, to carefully study the types and functions of imperatives in the Kyrgyz language. The data were analyzed using a comparative analysis to find out the differences and similarities of the imperatives of the Kyrgyz language with other languages. The study belongs to qualitative research, as it was conducted using the method of contrast analysis as a comparison of languages. The object of the research is the data imperatives were taken from the sources that were needed for the research.

Интонация побудительных высказываний телеутского языка: XX век и начало XXI века

Acoustic analysis of the intonation of imperative statements of the Teleut language revealed some patterns in the development of the Teleut intonation system. The new data were compared with those obtained by F. A. Kim when studying similar linguistic material. These patterns are in line with the science of language and are explained by the linguistic situation of the endangered Teleut language. Thus, the new tendencies can be seen in the pronunciation of bilingual speakers of a younger generation. In turn, the features described by F. A. Kim are more characteristic of the speech of the older generation speakers, who consider the Teleut language to be their native language. Each utterance was characterized as having a rheme with a zero topic. The rheme in short imperative statements representing a request, demand, advice, or order was found to have a globally increasing pitch or may be characterized as a fall-rise or rise-fall pitch movement.

Imperative Statements - one of the Forms of Representation of a Linguistic Personality

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the functioning of imperative statements used in various situations of communication. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main imperative constructions in the context of the speech behavior of the linguistic personality of the main character of a literary text. The method of comparative analysis allows identify the features of the functioning of incentive tactics. This article is an overview of the research available in linguistics on issues related to imperativeness. A broad view of the concept of imperative allows to go beyond the established definitions and expand the field of modality of a literary text. The work examines the main semantic groups that clearly characterize the literary character as a linguistic person. The analysis of imperative incentive statements is viewed through the prism of purposeful communicative activity. A variety of means and ways of expressing imperative statements in the speech of the main character provide an opportunity to differentiate semantic nuances. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that for the first time on the material of the modern Russian novel The Geographer Drank His Globe Away by A. Ivanov, the main classes of expression of the semantics of motivation are analyzed. The study identified imperative and non-imperative, but expressing the urge to action, statements, means of lowering the imperative. The lexico-grammatical and syntactic constructions used in the speech of the main character, most common in pedagogical and everyday discourses, are analyzed. The research results are presented as a functional-semantic space.

Women’s online advocacy campaigns for political participation in Nigeria and Ghana

ABSTRACT This study examines online advocacy campaigns by five women action groups in Nigeria and Ghana. Based on modern social movement theories, the study utilizes computer-mediated discourse analysis to qualitatively analyze the content of the websites and social media platforms of these groups. Findings show that social media provide women advocacy groups a voice that tend to defy intimidation and the traditional patriarchal stereotypes to demand the rights of women to political leadership. Discourse structures of protest discourses include imperative statements or direct acts that demand change by all means. Through online activism, the advocacy groups extend their voices, and activities to reach national and international audiences and communities of people – also reaching out to the most vulnerable rural women and the underprivileged. However, only a small percentage of women in rural areas have access to the Internet, thereby limiting participation in online activism in cities and urban centers.

Hakiki ve Mecazi Yorumlar Bağlamında Sema ve Arza Canlılık Atfeden Ayetler

Kur’an’da kâinatı oluşturan varlıkların birer ayet olduğu beyan edilir. Bu ifade söz konusu varlıkların Allah’ın yaratıcılığına, vahdetine ve yüce kudretine işaret ettiklerini akla getirir. Diğer yandan kâinatın insan dışındaki üyeleri olan varlıklara atıfla bazı hususlar da beyan edilir. Özellikle canlı varlıklar için mümkün olan kimi hususların akıl ve idrakten uzak kabul edilen bu varlıklara nispetle gelmesi dikkat çekicidir. Bu çalışma, ilgili ayetlerden özellikle sema ve arza canlılık atfeden ayetleri konu almaktadır. Ayetler, emir ifadelerine cevap verme, canlılara ait eylemleri gerçekleştirme, sorumlulukla muhatap olma ve kulluğun gereklerini yerine getirme gibi farklı hususlara işaret etmektedir. İlgili ayetlerin tefsirlerdeki değerlendirmelerinde hakiki ve mecazi yorumların öne çıktığı görülmektedir. İslam düşünce tarihindeki hakikat-mecaz konusundaki tartışmalar, çalışmamızda da ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca ilgili ayetler insana yönelik mesajlar da taşımaktadır. Bu araştırma, insanın kâinata daha farklı bir gözle bakmasını sağlayarak; çevresine karşı daha duyarlı olmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.

ДИДАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ФУНКЦИЯ АВТОБИОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО РАССКАЗА (НА ДИАЛЕКТНОМ МАТЕРИАЛЕ)

The aim of the article is to identify the means of linguistic expression of the di-dactic function and the factors of this function’s implementation in dialectal autobio-graphical stories. The material of the research is 120 oral autobiographical stories, which were recorded in Tomsk Oblast from the 1960s to 2018 during dialectological expeditions. The source of the material is the texts of the Tomsk dialect corpus (http://losl.tsu.ru/?q=corpus), as well as audio recordings of dialect speech, made by the author of the article during the expeditions in villages Pervomayskoe, Pervomayskiy District of Tomsk Oblast, in 2008, and Melnikovo, Shegarskiy District of Tomsk Ob-last, in 2017–2019. The didactic function is understood as the ability of autobiographical stories, in a broad sense, to be a tool of training, education, transfer of important knowledge about the world, accompanied by the desire of the stories’ authors to teach interlocutors, to explain something to them, to give advice. The author of the article identified the factors of implementing the didactic function in the autobio-graphical story. Among them are: 1) the specificity of dialect discourse: it is focused on tradition, its preservation and translation; 2) the genre of the material: since autobio-graphical texts have a retrospective orientation, informants, reporting on their lives, give an example, a model for the interlocutor to follow, or, vice versa, to avoid errors in life, not to repeat them; 3) the communicative situation and its components: first of all, these are participants of communication – a dialectologist and an informant; they be-long to different types of culture, and informants therefore strengthen the interpretive element in their stories, explaining what a word means, where and how an object is used, etc. As a rule, informants are older, so they give recommendations to dialectolo-gists, teach them: Now, girls, you live in a good century. It is just necessary to work, just to work. To learn, to work, and then all will be well. So, girls, live, take care of your life. Take care of life. The theme, time and space of communication were also identified among the components of the communicative situation. All these factors take part in the representation of the didactic function. It is determined that didacticism can be expressed in the speech genres of advice, explanation, and culinary recipe. The di-dactic function is represented by imperative statements, words of the category of state, statements reflecting informants’ values and ideas about ethical and moral categories, by infinitive constructions, statements with verbs in the form of abstract present or fu-ture tenses, lexemes expressing moral values. It has been determined that the didacti-cism of autobiographical texts is associated with the self-reflection of informants about their lives and, more broadly, with the analysis of generational experience.

Syntactic Organisation of A. D. Kantemir’s Poems

The purpose of this article is to identify and characterise the typological features of the “syntactic portrait” of A. D. Kantemir in the aspects of identification of the “average” poetic syntactic norm of the epoch, as well as in close connection of the grammar of an individual verse with the features of genre differentiation, architectonics of poetic works, and versification. The article refers to the data of the first volume of the Syntactic Dictionary of 18th-Century Russian Poetry. Revealing the syntactic dominants of Antiochus Kantemir’s style, including the background of the general literary norm of the era, as well as in the aspect of the connection between the “syntactic portrait” of the reformer poet and the peculiarities of the genre differentiation of the versification and architectonics of his poetic works, sheds light on the essence of Kantemir’s linguistic programme. His syllabics is particularly complex from the point of view of its construction: on average, 80 percent of sentences are polypredicative. The long line length of the syllabic texts requires the verse to be filled with various distributors and complicators of the sentence, including participle clauses. The verse of the satires tends to include definite-personal, generalised-personal, and indefinite-personal one-member sentences, imperative, and interrogative statements. Kantemir introduces constructions that originate in living speech into the structure of the verse: the nominative of the theme and infinitive of the theme, insertion, and introductory modal and connecting syntagmata. Referring to antique and French classic patterns, Kantemir the rhetorician often uses such figures of speech as rhetorical questions, periods, inversions, repetition, and amplification. Kantemir’s grammar formed under the influence of various literary traditions — Ancient Greek, Latin, Old Church Slavonic literature, European Baroque, and Western Russian syllabics — and is synthetic in its origin and a very complex and strictly organised system, intended primarily for the embodiment of educational ideas and the construction of polemical discourse. The logically complex course of the author’s reflection naturally mirrors the equally logically “difficult” syntax.

GRAMMATICAL AND TRANSPOSITIONAL FEATURES OF IMPERATIVE EXPRESSIONS IN THE SPHERE OF METHODOLOGICAL AND TEMPORAL FORMS

Verbal forms of the method, in addition to their primary categorical function, in the appropriate speech contexts can acquire secondary functions – modal and temporal. The imperative is more active in transpositional transitions. They penetrate into the sphere of other modal and temporal forms, neutralizing their meanings of motivation and reversibility and acquiring the meaning of other forms. The aim of the article is to analyze variations of the imperative, to reveal the functional manifestations of the real way with the help of imperative forms, to indicate the semantic layers of the forms of the conditional way in imperative expressions. Realization of the set purpose provides the decision of a number of problems, such as: 1) definition of grammatical and transpositional features of imperative statements in the field of method-temporal forms; 2) disclosure of structural and semantic variations of these units in the field of methodological and temporal forms. Scientific novelty. In the article grammatical and transpositional features of the imperative are fragments of an emotionally marked linguistic picture of the world with certain features and functional-grammatical means. The successful use of these forms is determined by the need for the recipient of the prescription to respond to the proposed action to be performed by the listener. This must be done to attract his attention, to force. In conclusion, we note that the analyzed illustrative material allowed to present in detail, substantiate the author’s concept of illustrating the mechanism and ways of transformation of the imperative, taking into account the method and temporal paradigm of the modern Ukrainian language, to reveal basic and auxiliary means of imperative transposition was aimed at describing and comparing constituents at the level of vocabulary and morphology, which belong to the organization of grammatical and transpositional features of imperative expressions in the field of methodological and temporal forms. To do this, we used statistical methods to build a representative sample of the study, in particular quantitative calculations, which illustrates the numerical distribution of our grammatical and transpositional features of imperative statements. Further study of the analyzed problem may focus on studying the mechanisms of imperative expressions. means of imperative in business and journalistic discourses of different system languages in a comparative aspect.

The warning mechanism in the prism of responsibility under Art. 384 of the Criminal code of Ukraine (misleading of court or other authorized authority)

The article presents a warning mechanism aimed at overcoming the provision of perjury. The model of warnings has the form ofa single complex, the elements of which are counteraction to misleading the court or other authority. In the prism of liability under Ar -tic le 384 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the warning mechanism is one of the types of special warning of a specific person potentiallycapable of committing an offense. The legislator distinguishes six categories of persons whom he warns of criminal liability for misleadinga court or other authority, namely: witness, victim, expert, translator, appraiser, specialist. The strategy of reducing the crimi -nogenic potential of a person who gives evidence or testimony, conclusion or assessment, or translates should be implemented primarilythrough preventive measures.The addressee of an individual warning, which can be considered as one of the types of special warning, is a specific person (person),potentially capable of committing an offense due to external (materially encouraging circumstances, pressure from the public orparty) and internal factors, personal moral and ethical norms, customs, traditions, beliefs, personal friendship or revenge, indifference,retribution and other motives). Warning encourages the individual to take more seriously, attentively and responsibly to provide anytestimony, information, conclusion, translation; not to be indifferent to investigative or judicial actions, summonses to court, trial.In warning or imperative statements with indicative forms, the will is always expressed in relation to future action, which is clearlyperceived as an order. The strength of the influence of the volitional impulse depends on the person who perceives it. In the processof communication, the forms of the order are addressed to a person who depends on the legislator, respectively, and the nuances of theorder acquire modal values of categoricalness.The specificity of modern law is - imperative (categorical, authoritative). It is the form of imperative that does not allow changesin the previously established requirements to act accordingly. Imperative norms of law: 1) prescribe clearly defined actions; 2) establishan unambiguous exhaustive list and content of the rights and obligations of the subjects; 3) do not involve any deviations.

The Use of Tag Questions in Person-centered Communication

Tag questions are imperative, declarative, exclamative or interrogative statements that have been modified to include a question (e.g.., It is hot out, isn’t it?). Tag questions have been characterized as elderspeak because it suggests an expected response from the person with dementia, thus limiting his/her ability to make a decision independently. However, tag questions serve multiple functions in conversation. There is limited research on the multidimensional nature of tag questions in conversations between formal caregivers and their clients with dementia. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the functions of tag questions used by formal caregivers in utterances coded as person-centered. Conversations (N= 87) between formal caregivers and a simulated person with dementia were video-recorded during a 5-minute care interaction involving morning care. Caregivers’ utterances were coded for the use of the following types of person-centered communication: recognition, negotiation, facilitation, and validation. During secondary data analysis, the person-centered utterances were analyzed for the use and function of tag questions. Conversational analyses revealed two broad functions of tag questions: gather information and facilitate a desired action. Tag questions used to gather information included the following specific functions: acknowledge response, establish common ground, state fact or opinion, initiate topic, conversational joking, state what is being done and questions. Tag questions that facilitated a desired reaction included the following specific functions: offers, advice and suggestions and requests and commands. Findings from the current study reveal that tag questions are not exclusively elderspeak and can be used to illicit conversation.

Lingual Means of Imperative in the Lecture and Sermon Discourses

The research aims to reveal the peculiarities of the linguistic means of imperative utterances which function in the lecture and sermon discourses. They encourage students/parishioners to engage in the learning process fully. The following tasks were formulated: to categorize imperative utterances in the view of characteristic features of the mentioned discourses; to characterize the lexical-syntactic peculiarities of each type of imperative phrases. The object of the research is an oral English-language institutional discourse of two kinds – academic (lecture) and religious (sermon). The subject of the study is the lexical and syntactic arrangement of imperative utterances in the lecture and sermon discourses. To achieve the aim, both general scientific and unique linguistic research methods found application. Conclusions of the study are as follows: the functioning of imperative utterances in the sermon and lecture discourse is determined by such linguistic and extralinguistic factors as the expressiveness/implicitness of the imperative constructions, the syntactic structure of the imperative constructions, the communicative-pragmatic orientation, and the targeted nature of the order/ localization of the imperative construction in the compositional text structure. In our work, direct and indirect explicit constructions, aimed at an immediate action, are viewed as operational imperative statements. According to the communicative-pragmatic orientation and considering the temporal signs, we distinguish two main types of motivation: simultaneous and post-communicative. The communicative-pragmatic orientation criterion also makes it possible to single out constructions intended to induce physical/mental impact (in lectures) and spiritual/mental impact (in sermons). The prospect of further investigation is studying non-verbal features of lecture and sermon discourses.

LINGUISTIC MEANS OF THE IMPERATIVE UTTERENCES IN ENGLISH LECTURE AND SERMON DISCOURSES

The aim of the research is to reveal the peculiarities of the linguistic means of imperative utterances which function in the lecture and sermon discourses. For the purpose of the aim, the following tasks were formulated:http://onlinecorrector.com.ua/%D1%82%D0%B0% D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%83 to categorize imperative utterances in the view of peculiarities of the lecture and sermon discourses; to characterize the lexical-syntactic peculiarities of each type of imperative utterances; to establish recurrence of each type of imperative utterances depending on the structure of the lecture or sermon. The object of the research is an oral English-language institutional discourse of two types – academic (lecture) and religious (sermon); the subject of the research is the lexical syntactic arrangement of imperative utterances in the lecture and sermon discourses. To achieve the aim, both general scientific and special linguistic research methods have been applied. The functioning of imperative utterances in the preaching and lecture discourse is caused by such linguistic and extralinguistic factors as the expressiveness / implicitness of the imperative constructions, the syntactic structure of the imperative constructions, the communicative-pragmatic orientation, the addressing of the order/ localization of the imperative construction in the compositional text structure. Direct and indirect explicit constructions aimed at the immediate action are considered in the work as operational imperative statements. According to the communicative-pragmatic orientation, taking into account the temporal signs, we distinguish two main types of motivation: simultaneous and post-communicative. The communicative-pragmatic orientation criterion also made it possible to single out constructions intended to induce physical/mental impact (in lectures) and spiritual / mental one (in sermons). The prospect of further investigation is seen in the study of the non-verbal features of lecture and sermon discourses. A comparison of linguistic, prosodic, and kinetic means of expressing motivation can be a significant contribution to the study of the category of imperatives

Falia Expression Protecting Environmental Ecosystem in Barangka District

Falia expression is a spoken language formulated in the linguistic and cultural facts supporting the community. This study aims to describe the falia expression of Muna society in Barangka district serves as a control to protect the forest, rivers, sea, flora, and fauna. The study used a qualitative approach with methods ecolinguistics. Source of research data is an oral speech in situations informant said that natural and candid as the primary data and research resources that have been published as secondary data. Time data collection was done in January 2019 until June 2019 in the region Barangka district. Data collection is conducted with involved participation techniques, observations, and interviews. Analysesare carried out during collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusions/verification. Data analysis is inductive-qualitative. The results showed that the role falia as of protecting the environment in Barangka district classified into five categories: First, falia as the protection control of forest; Second, falia as the protection control of river; Third, falia as the protection control of sea; Fourth, falia as the protection control of flora; Fifth, falia as the protection control of fauna. In general, falia expression classified in the imperative statements, either command or forbidden.

Extracting symbolic transitions from TLA+ specifications

• We formalize the notion of assignments and assignment strategies. • We present an SMT encoding from which assignment strategies are extracted. • We define a sound decomposition of a TLA+ formula into symbolic transitions. • We implement the above as part of the APALACHE model checker. • We present experimental results using several state-of-the-art TLA+ specifications. In , a system specification is written as a logical formula that restricts the system behavior. As a logic, does not have assignments and other imperative statements that are used by model checkers to compute the successor states of a system state. Model checkers compute successors either explicitly — by evaluating program statements — or symbolically — by translating program statements to an SMT formula and checking its satisfiability. To efficiently enumerate the successors, TLA's model checker TLC introduces side effects. For instance, an equality x ′ = e is interpreted as an assignment of e to the yet unbound variable x . Inspired by TLC , we introduce an automatic technique for discovering expressions in formulas such as x ′ = e and x ′ ∈ { e 1 , … , e k } that can be provably used as assignments. In contrast to TLC , our technique does not explicitly evaluate expressions, but it reduces the problem of finding assignments to the satisfiability of an SMT formula. Hence, we give a way to slice a formula in symbolic transitions, which can be used as an input to a symbolic model checker. Our prototype implementation successfully extracts symbolic transitions from a few benchmarks.

TYPES OF CLAIMS AND COUNTERCLAIMS IN ARGUMENTATIVE DIALOGUE BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGIST AND CLIENT

The paper examines the categorical semantics of claims refuted by the psychologist during a therapy/psychological counselling. The psychologist’s argumentation is directed at eliminating the client’s irrational beliefs and cognitive biases which might be the reason for psychological conflicts and might be preventing the rational evaluation of a problem situation. The aim of the study is to elucidate how irrational reasoning verbalized by the client creates a potential argumentative situation in which the counsellor reacts critically by advancing a counterclaim and subsequent counter-argumentation. The focus of the study is the semantic value of the client’s claims and the therapist’s counterclaims and their connection with the typology of cognitive distortions proposed by the American psychotherapist Aaron Beck. The analysis of authentic transcripts of counseling sessions yielded the following results. The semantic type of the counsellor’s counterclaim depends on the kind of cognitive distortion identified by the counsellor in the client’s speech. The most commonly occurring cognitive distortions refuted by the psychologist are imperative statements, labelling, self-accusation, catastrophizing, overgeneralization. They are manifested as actuative, definitive, designative, and evaluative claims.

ЛИНГВОАКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ СКАЗОЧНОГО ПЕРСОНАЖА (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ РУССКИХ НАРОДНЫХ СКАЗОК)

Using the linguo-axiological approach the article analyses the verbal behaviour of the Russian fairy-tale character’s linguistic personality with a view to identify value attitude towards communicants. The authors focus their attention on interpreting the fairy-tale character’s propositions. In particular, the paper identifies and analyses the linguistic peculiarities of manifesting truly positive/negative attitude towards a communicant at the lexical and grammatical levels and at the level of intentions realized in the character’s speech by emotionally marked imperative statements.

Аксиологические основания юридического дискурса: аксиомы права

The article is devoted to the axioms of law as a value-regulatory foundations for legal discourse, explaining the choice of actions and directing the development of the communicative events in the institutional environment. Axiomatics of legal discourse and its types today attracts a wide range of researchers. This is due to the idea that values are the binder component of any institutional community, and the fact that legal discursive practices and their types are a way of approval and constant reproduction of value meanings, which mediate society’s attitude to the law and its representatives. The author shows that the axioms of law are function in the form of concise, stylistically organized, aphoristically compressed utterances, that is, ready-made formulas-symbols of institutional culture. Linguistically-relevant constitutive signs of the axioms of law (precedent, prescriptively, generality, aphoristic brevity, etc.), their specific functions (cumulative, regulatory, informative and symbolic) as the precedent texts of the institutional culture are distinguished. The typological and communicative characteristics of the units in a pragmatic aspect, methods of text-construction as imperative statements are described. The impact of these value phenomena on forming the scripts of institutional interaction, on mental models of appropriate participation in the discourse, on the inner workings of institutional life and its speech and action manifestation is analyzed. Attention is paid to value transformations at the level of informal axiomatic formation of institutional culture.

Императивные высказывания в ранних французских правовых документах

Императивные высказывания в ранних французских правовых документах

Subverting Injurious Language: How Ilse Aichinger’s Narratological Strategies Liberate the Protagonist of “Spiegelgeschichte”

This essay examines the narratological and rhetorical features of Ilse Aichinger’s story of a botched abortion, “Spiegelgeschichte,” in order to highlight the challenges associated with putting female, bodily trauma into language. By focusing its analysis on the text’s second-person narration and imperative statements it makes an argument about the degree to which the protagonist is liberated from the oppressive conditions that lead to her death. Through her act of reflective storytelling the protagonist divides herself into narrated and narrating selves in order to experience herself as both subject and object and to fight back against her entrapment in a temporal chain of cause and effect. Reaching the limits of this reflective language, however, she must eventually turn to defiant silence in order to (re)establish herself as a unified subject and escape the injurious language that surrounds her.