Impact Of Floods Research Articles

Riverine flood risk assessment with a combined model chain in southeastern China

Climate change and rapid urbanization have exacerbated the occurrence and impact of floods. It is essential to carry out a quantitative flood risk assessment and manage the flood risk before a disaster occurs. This article presents a combined riverine flood risk model to obtain the exceedance probability loss (EPL) curve and expected annual damage (EAD) under the current climate. This model includes a rapid flood model and a flood damage model. It aims to simulate the flood risk and evaluate the flood damage at 10-, 30-, 50-, 100-, and 200-year return period events. The results show that: (1) The total inundation areas will sharply increase when the flood return periods are over 30 years. (2) The EAD is 1,476 million dollars in the Jiulong River Basin (JRB). When the flood return period is over 30 years, the total damage increases sharply. (3) The flood risk in the lower reaches of the JRB is higher than in the upper reaches when the flood event is beyond a 20-year return period. (4) Industrial sector damage is the largest, followed by tertiary industry, transportation, construction, agriculture, and infrastructure. The combined model chain can quickly assess the flood risk in the river basin and judge the flood risk in a watershed compared to the national level. In addition, it can be applied to other river basins, and it will provide actionable information for future flood risk management.

Do marriage markets respond to a natural disaster? The impact of flooding of the Kosi river in India

Do marriage markets respond to a natural disaster? The impact of flooding of the Kosi river in India

Investigating the Impact of Flood on Low Lying Settlements of Delhi, India: A Planning Perspective

In the past, the Yamuna River and the Najafgarh Drainage System have flooded the city of Delhi severely. In the past 33 years, Yamuna has 25 times exceeded its risk threshold, which is set at 204.83m. Since 1900, Delhi has suffered six significant floods when the Yamuna River has reached a height of one metre or more above the accidental 204.49m on the old railway bridge (2.66m above the accident level). These floods happened in 1924, 1947, 1976, 1978, 1988, and 1995. The Yamuna recently climbed more than two metres beyond the danger threshold in Delhi, breaking the milestone 207 metres for the first time in 32 years. The second highest point, at 206.92 metres, was on September 27, 1988. There is a direct impact of floods on the Yamuna River and the city drainage network. People who live along the Yamuna River Belt, on the river's banks, and in the drain are impacted by this. The amount of the solid regions causing local floods has increased landslides as a result of deforestation and local floods. Low-lying communities, particularly haphazard colonies that fall into the water, will be most impacted by this. Hathinikund erupts high in Haryana because of the persistent, intense rainfall on the high cliffs, draining water upstream, continuing to flood Delhi and harming the lives of those who live in low-lying areas. Therefore, torrential rains caused severe damage to the city, and even more so to those families built on the wrong side, which were the first and most frequent sightings of their homes and property being flooded. Families had already begun to lose livestock and livestock during this time, before being evacuated and their situation remains so dire that one has to leave the rest of the house to relocate and relocate when the water level drops. The purpose of the study was to explore about the kind of impacts generally inhabitants face during and post flooding and to find out the implementation of strategies. The following methods were used: Site survey of the case study area in which structured questionnaire and observations were conducted through primary survey, analysis and assessment, study of issues and concerns. As a result, flood prevention, preparedness and mitigation strategies with reference to low lying area have been analyzed and planning recommendations have been proposed.

Assessing Indirect Impacts of Extreme Sea Level Flooding on Critical Infrastructure

This study investigates the direct and indirect impacts of extreme sea level (ESL) flooding on critical infrastructure. While methods to quantify the direct impacts of ESL flooding on coastal areas are well established, the indirect impacts that extend beyond the directly affected population are less well understood. This study assesses the vulnerability of electricity, road, telecommunication, water supply, and wastewater infrastructure to service disruption from coastal flooding in South Dunedin, New Zealand. We quantified the population affected by single and multiple service losses caused by 100-year average recurrence interval (ARI) ESL flooding across 0.1 m sea-level rise (SLR) increments up to 1.5 m. The study identified an ESL “tipping-point” at 0.6 m SLR, where direct loss of road access and electricity services is extensive, and causes indirect loss of telecommunication services. This also impacted the functionality of a key wastewater pumpstation servicing the wider region. As sea levels in the area are projected to rise 0.60 m in the next ~60–90 years, this information can inform assessments of potential adaptation investments in long-term infrastructure management plans in the face of uncertainty.

Performance analysis of flood control buildings Mati river watershed area

The problem of flooding is a classic problem that befalls almost all regions in Indonesia. Likewise, the area in the Mati river watershed is experiencing problems that are not much different. Moreover, with the existing developments, almost all areas in the Mati River watershed have developed into urban settlement areas which have led to land conversion from agricultural land and green open land to other built-up land. The middle and downstream areas in the Mati River watershed are the main tourism areas in Bali such as Seminyak, Legian, Kuta and parts of the West Denpasar District, Denpasar City. These areas are dense settlements which contribute to increased surface runoff in almost all watershed areas. Several areas in the Mati River watershed are flood-prone areas, namely the Padangsambian area, Jalan Pura Demak area, Monang-Maning, Jalan Dewi Sri and areas in East Kuta. Several river improvements have been made to reduce the impact of flooding, namely changing the permanent weir to a mobile weir, normalizing the channel and building a pumping station which aims to reduce the effects of flooding and stagnant water during the rainy season.

The impact of Musi floods along the catchment areas of Hyderabad-A study

Urban floods threaten the functioning of many states across the country. Mumbai, the economic capital of India, gets affected in most of the monsoon seasons due to heavy rains. Likewise, the state of Kerala too witnessed heavy floods in the recent years. In this background, the current research paper is an attempt based on secondary data to focus on the impact of urban floods in the stretch of river Musi in Hyderabad. The Telangana region experienced heavy rains in October 2020 due to which a flash flood occurred in Hyderabad. This happened after 100 years while the river basin had settlements coming up in low laying or catchment areas. The people who were residing along the coastlines of the slums also got affected during the floods. Historically, river musi was a source of drinking water in that region. However, the scenario got completely changed due to overpopulation, uncontrolled migration and housing affordability in this region which led to devastation of the river basin. According to the (CSE)’s 71-city study, Hyderabad city discharges about 700-800 million litres per day of untreated sewerage water directly into Musi river. So, the drinking water for the entire city is brought from different places. The current research paper is an attempt to focus on the regional issues and determine the social cost and the livelihood along the Musi River stretch in Hyderabad region in a comprehensive manner. Pollution brings an unprecedented fall in agricultural yield and increases the input costs for agriculture like handlooms. It also affects the allied services like dairy, poultry, livestock, fishing, washing clothes, health hazard, unemployment etc. In order to avoid the urban floods in the future, the planning strategies need to be implemented to achieve sustainable development along the stretch of Musi through people’s participation and government intervention.

The Study of the state of soil cover of the coastal zones of the Caspian Sea, subject to the influence of climatic and anthropogenic factors

This article is dedicated to research of climate impact change and human activity on ecosystems. It is expressed as metals which is called heavy pollution. It covers the coastal territory of northwestern regions of Apsheron. Pollution in the coastal regions of the Caspian Sea with toxic substances, is of great concern, periodic studies of these zones for the presence of heavy metals are necessary. For the first time, a comparative analysis of the content of heavy metals in the territories of the northwestern part of the Absheron was carried out and the hypothetical reasons for their accumulation were presented. The studied soils in the northwestern part of the peninsula were grouped the degree of the density of heavy metals. Zinc (78.62 mg/kg, at a depth of 0–20 sm) copper and cadmium (23.65 mg/kg and 0.92 mg/kg at a depth of 0–20 sm). The concentration of zinc and copper in the northwestern direction of Apsheron by 1.18 and 1.57 times, compared with the allowable norms for clarks. Under the impact of flooding of coastal zones by the waters of the Caspian Sea, the average content of heavy metals, Ni, Cd, Pb in flooded soils at a depth of 0-100 sm increased by 1.7 times.

Impact-Based Flood Early Warning for Rural Livelihoods in Uganda

Abstract Anticipatory actions are increasingly being taken before an extreme flood event to reduce the impacts on lives and livelihoods. Local contextualized information is required to support real-time local decisions on where and when to act and what anticipatory actions to take. This study defines an impact-based, early-warning trigger system that integrates flood forecasts with livelihood information, such as crop calendars, to target anticipatory actions better. We demonstrate the application of this trigger system using a flood case study from the Katakwi District in Uganda. First, we integrate information on the local crop cycles with the flood forecasts to define the impact-based trigger system. Second, we verify the impact-based system using historical flood impact information and then compare it with the existing hazard-based system in the context of humanitarian decisions. Study findings show that the impact-based trigger system has an improved probability of flood detection compared with the hazard-based system. There are fewer missed events in the impact-based system, while the trigger dates are similar in both systems. In a humanitarian context, the two systems trigger anticipatory actions at the same time. However, the impact-based trigger system can be further investigated in a different context (e.g., for livelihood protection) to assess the value of the local information. The impact-based system could also be a valuable tool to validate the existing hazard-based system, which builds more confidence in its use in informing anticipatory actions. The study findings, therefore, should open avenues for further dialogue on what the impact-based trigger system could mean within the broader forecast-based action landscape toward building the resilience of at-risk communities.

Seasonal Flooding Impact on Land Surface Temperature(LST) in Response to Vegetation Index Using Spectral Radiance Model in Kirkuk, Iraq

Change detection of land use is essential in management and planning decisions. Land Surface Temperature (LST) has a significant importance in many geoscience aspects, such as heat transportation between land and atmosphere, state of corps, heat flux, greenhouse effect both locally and regionally, surface moisture and surface energy budget estimation, the monitoring of urban heat island, evapotranspiration and environmental biogeochemistry process simulation. A geographic information system was efficiently utilized to observe the changes in land use different categories and to map annual and seasonal LST variations. In this study, Land sat 5 and 8 images for the years 2010, 2017 and 2019 were used to study the flooding imact on the LST. The Mono-Window algorithm and sepectral rediance model on Landsat-5 TM and OLI were used to estimate LST. Taking 2010 as a reference, an empirical study shows that the No-vegetation category percentage was 9.28 % and 11.03% in the 2017 and 2019 summer seasons, respectively, while it was -1.48% and -0.46% in winter. Vegetation change was -60.9% and -50.04% in the 2017 and 2019 summer seasons, respectively, while it was 28.28% and -6.11% in winter. Water area change was -65.8% and 84.1% in the 2017 and 2019 summer seasons, respectively, while it was -38.5% and 59.89% in winter. The results indicate that the water area had greatly decreased during 2017 which led to increase the LST and the floods in 2019 led to decrease the LST by 5-8 degrees. The temperature trend analysis reveals a definite negative association between LST and flooded area, representing this study’s significant finding.

Влияние ливневых паводков на строительство сооружений по сбору дождевой воды

Introduction. The lack of fresh water has become a serious problem. The main causes of the water crisis are population growth and climate change. Egypt is a very arid country which is facing water scarcity due to increasing demand and limited supply. Applying new approaches is required in this situation to deal with water scarcity. Wadi Watir in the Sinai Peninsula, chosen as the research area, is an important tourist and commercial watershed. It experiences water scarcity and the threat of flash floods. The residents are losing their crops and sheep. Roads are deserted, and their lives are in danger due to the periodic occurrence of flash floods. Materials and methods. For the first time, the current research investigates the impact of flash floods on the implementation of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems. The flash flood risk and RWH structure maps were overlaid using GIS. Results. The results showed that five percolation tanks, five check dams, 11.15 km2 of area for on-ground percolation tanks, and 0.48 km2 of space for farm ponds are optimal for water harvesting during flash floods. Conclusions. The development of Wadi Watir was prioritized and divided into three phases. Therefore, the occurrence of flash floods clearly affects the development plans. The impact of flash floods should be considered during the calculation of the design capacity of the RWH structures.

A novel Account of Flooding Devastation and Consequencies in Kogi State, Nigeria

The study investigated the Impact of flooding in Kogi state community in Nigeria. The motive behind the research was ignited by the hardship and adverse conditions faced by the community as par the flood in Kogi state. In line with this, a structured questionnaire was utilized for interviewing 300 people who are residents of the affected state. The validation of the instrument was done through peer review and pilot testing. Data was collected and summary done. In the same vein they were computed using frequency, percentages and Linkert scaling test. The results from the analysis indicated that 94% of the respondents agreed that flooding destroyed their livestock and farm products, blocked their roads, submerged their buildings and rendered many homeless. It affected daily road transportation, businesses were distorted, thereby impacting negatively on their economy. However, it is recommended that government should assist the victims of this flooding by providing them with relief materials, an alerting device, Internally Displaced People’s Camp with portable water and mosquito nets, while periodic meetings should be held between the weather forecasters and the community members to educate them.

Spatial analysis of flash flood and Drought impact from Climate Change in Phongsaly District, Phogsaly Province, by using Geo-Informatics Technology and Modelling

A method for predicting the water resource in the region in the future to be used as a basis for mitigating the consequences is to study how climate change affects hydrology. The purpose of this study is to i). choose a global climate model that is suitable for the area, ii). rainfall run-off modelling, iii). drought and flood hazard index map. The SSP-126, SSP-245, and SSP-585 scenarios were chosen as the most appropriate global climate model among the four institutes, with efficiency criteria using the coefficient of Nash-Sutcliffe and Kling-Gupta and then calibrate the data with the Bias Correction Linear Scaling method which divides the analysis period into 2 periods for Near-Future and Far-Future from analyzing Rainfall Run-off Modeling from Rainfall Concentration 1-hours, 3-hours and 6-hours. It was found that the SSP-585 scenario in the Rainfall Concentration 1-hours model has the most dangerous area for very high risk until the end of the 21st century. For the analysis of drought indices SPI_1, SPI_3 and SPI_6 in Near-Future, it was found that the frequency of droughts is increasing according to the worst scenario, the scenario with the most drought is SSP-585 and in the Far-Future, the frequency of drought is decreasing according to the worst scenario, the scenario with the most drought is SSP-126.

Correction: Balgah et al. Impacts of Floods on Agriculture-Dependent Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Assessment from Multiple Geo-Ecological Zones. Land 2022, 12, 334

There was an error in the original publication [...]

Correlation Between Health Worker's Support and Coping Strategy to Mother's Resilience Level in Managing Annual Flood in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Low coping strategies and health worker factors reduce the ability to survive from flood. This can lead to low mother’s resilience. This study aims to analyze the correlation between health worker factors and coping strategy against mother’s resilience in managing the impact of annual flood disasters during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research used correlational analytic method with cross sectional approach. This study used a sample of 121 mothers in Sukorejo Village, Karangbinangun District, Lamongan Regency who were affected by flood. The research instrument used a questionnaire of support, facilities, and motivation health workers;copingstrategy; and mother’s resilience. Spearman Rho Analysis correlation test was used as analytic approach with a significance of <0.05. The data obtained analyzed using a Spearman Rho correlation test. There was a correlation between health worker factors and mother’s resilience (p=0.003: r=0.264). In addition, there was a correlation between coping strategies and mother’s resilience (p=0.000: r=0.369). The higher health workers factor and mother’s coping strategies level, the higher mother’s resilience managing the flood impact. Capacity building for health workers is needed to be able to educate mothers about flood impact management, so that ultimately improve their coping strategies.

Rainwater Harvesting as Sustainable Solution to Cope with Drinking Water Scarcity and Urban Flooding: A Case Study of Public Institutions in Lahore, Pakistan

Pakistan is currently facing physical and economic water scarcity issues, which have been further complicated by the rapid increase in its population and climate change. In affected areas, many methods are being used to tackle this problem, among which rainwater harvesting (RWH) provides the best alternative source of domestic water supply. In rainwater harvesting, a mechanism is designed to effectively collect surface runoff during rainfall events from residential rooftops. It has also been found that rainwater has great potential as a source of water supply in residential areas of major cities, such as Lahore, which is the focus of our study. This research paper examines rainwater harvesting as a sustainable solution to address the challenges of drinking water scarcity and urban flooding. The study discusses the benefits of rainwater harvesting, including reducing reliance on municipal water sources, improving water quality, and mitigating the impact of urban flooding. Additionally, the paper explores the use of filtered water points in conjunction with rainwater harvesting systems to provide clean drinking water to communities. The research draws on case studies from various regions to illustrate the effectiveness of rainwater harvesting as a sustainable solution to water scarcity and urban flooding. Ultimately, the study concludes that rainwater harvesting, when coupled with filtered water points, can offer an effective and sustainable solution to address drinking water scarcity and urban flooding.

Utilising social media data to evaluate urban flood impact in data scarce cities

The growing amount of social media data is an invaluable and rapidly accessible source of information for flood response and recovery. In this study, a workflow framework is developed to assess urban flood impacts by extracting and analysing social media data, as well as identifying the intensive public response areas, using the case of 2020 China Chengdu rainstorm-induced flooding. A crawler-algorithm is applied to extract and filter the social media data from the commonly used social platforms, namely Weibo (static data) and Tiktok (dynamic data). Based on the spatiotemporal analysis, 232 flood sites with geological locations are identified. The study shows that, social media activities and precipitation are temporally correlated in a significant and positive way. The temporal evolution analysis of social media topics reveals the process of flooding and enables quick determination of severely affected areas. Spatially, social media data can provide spatial flood information and social media activities are typically connected with user demographics. Based on a flood simulation, the framework can generate valuable data sources of urban flooding from social media, which can enhance flood risk modelling with the aid of a hydrodynamic model. This study demonstrates the utility of social media in urban flooding impact assessment.

Spatial Distribution of Flood Vulnerability in Langkat Regency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia

Deforestation has a real impact on increasing the level of disaster risk, especially flooding. The real impact of the flood disaster is experienced by Langkat Regency community, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The impact of flooding is physical, social, economic, and environmental losses that are perceived directly by the community close to the disaster site. The objective of this study is to analyze the distribution of flood vulnerability levels in Langkat Regency, North Sumatera Province. Determination of the distribution of the flood vulnerability level area used spatial modeling with a scoring method with several variables, including rainfall, land slope, soil texture, land use, landform, and riparian buffers. The distribution of flood vulnerability areas is mostly at very low level with the percentage of the area reaching 53% of the Langkat Regency area. The three districts that have the widest high - very high flood vulnerability levels are Wampu District covering an area of 63,805.92 ha or 14.56%, of the total area of Langkat Regency, Pematang Jaya District covers 78,882.02 ha or 18.01% and Hinai District covers an area of 70,311.41 ha with or 16.05%. This study offers suggestions that the spatial distribution data of flood vulnerability level areas can be developed into an early warning system, for making rapid disaster response procedures.

Mechanism of the Impact of Floods and Typhoons on the Morphological Evolution of the Yangtze Estuary

Mechanism of the Impact of Floods and Typhoons on the Morphological Evolution of the Yangtze Estuary

Transdisciplinary Collaborations for flood impact mitigation on human health for sustainable urban development

This study assessed the impact of urbanization on human health with an emphasis on flood hazard mitigation through the lens of transdisciplinary collaborations, as a strategy for achieving sustainable urban development. In place of this, the study highlights the effects of urbanization and floods impact on health, by identifying the health consequences of flood disasters. The goal here was to put together contributions and guidance drawn from the literature on issues under study for a shared problem understanding and solutions. The methodological approach employed in this study was a desktop survey, for systematic literature search, conducted in five databases and Google Scholar from April 4th to 30th May 2018, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, from which, 44,860 articles were returned, narrowed to 71 articles from which 26 relevant articles were selected. Findings suggest that transdisciplinary collaboration enhance shared learning for sustainable urban development governance. The study further reveals functional overlaps among the collaborating partners on a common goal due to poor coordination. The paper concludes that successful transdisciplinary collaborations for sustainable urban development require articulation and efforts that clearly define the roles of each partner in the collaboration. Succinctly, achieving sustainable urban development is not an easy task, but ideal transdisciplinary collaboration simplified it.

Modelling Time-Dependent Flow through Railway Ballast

In this study, a numerical simulation of fluid flow through railway ballast in the time domain is presented, providing a model for unsteady-state flow. It is demonstrated that the position of the free surface with respect to time can also be used to solve the steady flow case. The effect of ballast fouling is included in the model to capture the realistic behavior of railway ballast, which is critical to understanding the impact of flooding. A thorough comparison with a range of previous studies, including theoretical and experimental approaches, is made, and very close agreement is obtained. The significant impact of ballast fouling on fluid flow and its potential consequences for railway infrastructure are highlighted by the simulation. Valuable insights into the behavior of water flow through porous media and its relevance to railway ballast management are offered by this study.