Impact Of Environmental Changes Research Articles

Thermal coupling optimization of bridge environmental impact under natural conditions

Infrastructure is a crucial aspect of promoting worldwide economic integration. However, the construction of infrastructure often results in high energy consumption and substantial emissions of greenhouse gases. Over time, the environment can also cause significant damage to bridges, leading to repeated repairs and replacements that further harm the environment. This research aims to minimize the environmental impact of bridge maintenance over a 100-year lifespan. The study utilizes a three-dimensional dynamic thermo-mechanical optimization model developed through comprehensive research and interdisciplinary collaboration in various fields such as Bibliometrics, Fluid Mechanics, Structural Dynamics, Thermoelectricity, and Damage Mechanics. From examining single crystal structures at a microscopic level to examining system components under extreme temperatures, this study provides a system for reducing environmental pollution. The model's reliability is shown through a case study, demonstrating a reduction of 49.9 million tonnes of emissions, equivalent to 1.91% of total design emissions, over a 100-year maintenance period. This research provides a foundation for future studies and presents an approach for evaluating the environmental impact of long-term temperature changes in structures.

Global change impacts on bird biodiversity in South Asia: potential effects of future land-use and climate change on avian species richness in Pakistan.

Evaluating the impact of future changes in land-use and climate on species communities, especially species richness, is one of the most important challenges of current research in ecology and conservation. The impact of environmental changes on species richness depends on its sensitivity (i.e., how strongly a given level of change influences the ecological community) and its exposure (i.e., the amount of change that occurs). To examine the sensitivity, exposure, and potential impact of future environmental conditions on bird communities, we compiled data on bird species richness for Pakistan-a neglected region in macro- or country-scale studies. Since bird species richness strongly varies across seasons due to the seasonal occurrence of migratory species in winter, we compared both wintering (migratory plus resident species) and breeding (resident species only) bird richness. We found breeding and wintering species richness to be sensitive to temperature, precipitation and rainfed cropland by being positively related to these factors. Exposure varied regionally, with projected temperature changes being most profound in northern regions while the strongest projected precipitation changes occurred in central and southern regions. The projected impact of future environmental change were highly heterogeneous across the country and differed between the wintering and breeding communities. Overall, the most negatively impacted region was projected to be the Khyber Pakhtunkha province in the North of Pakistan, due to reductions in precipitation and rainfed cropland, resulting in a projected negative impact, especially on wintering species richness. By highlighting the regional and seasonal bird communities most at risk, our findings provide useful information for policy makers to help devise new policies for mitigating negative impacts of future environmental changes on birds within Pakistan.

The impact of changing environment on undergraduate mathematics students’ status

This paper focuses on the impact of changing environment on undergraduate mathematics students’ status, described through their engagement, participation, and motivation levels. These parameters were computed through a fuzzy cognitive map, which gathered data from a situation-aware e-learning platform. The main goal is to analyze the students’ reaction to a long-term emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods case study was conducted at University of Salerno to evaluate how completely remote teaching for the second year influenced the student’s status. The results show that distance learning and other social factors decrease university mathematics students’ motivation, engagement, participation, and overall performance in the long term, despite the countless teaching strategies implemented, the consolidated combination of mathematics and technology, and the use of a situation-aware e-learning platform.

Microbial interactions strengthen deterministic processes during community assembly in a subtropical estuary

Systematic studies on the assembly process and driving mechanisms of microbial communities in estuaries with diverse seasonal and spatial scales are still limited. In this study, high-throughput sequencing, and microbial network analysis were combined to decipher the impact of environmental changes and biological interactions on the maintenance of microbial diversity patterns in the Jiulong River Estuary (JRE). The results showed that overall, stochastic processes dominated the bacterioplankton community assembly in the estuary, accounting for 49.66–74.78 % of the total. Additionally, bacterioplankton community diversity varied significantly across seasons and subzones. Specifically, the concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in the estuary steadily reduced from winter to summer, and the corresponding bacterioplankton community interactions gradually shifted from the weakest interaction in winter to the strongest in summer. The deterministic processes contributed more than half (50.34 %) to microbial assembly in the summer, but only 25.22 % in winter. Deterministic processes prevailed in the seaward with low SRP concentrations and strong bacterioplankton community interactions, while stochastic processes contributed 70.14 % to the assembly of microbial communities riverward. Biotic and abiotic factors, such as nutrients and microbial interactions, jointly drove the seasonal and spatial patterns of bacterioplankton community assembly, but overall, nutrients played a dominant role. Nevertheless, the contributions of nutrients and microbial interactions were equivalent in spatial assembly processes, albeit nutrients were the primary seasonal driver of the bacterioplankton community assembly process. This study emphasizes the significance of microbial interactions in the bacterioplankton community assemblage. These findings provide new and comprehensive insights into the microbial communities' organization in estuaries.

Energy, exergy, economic and environmental (4E) analysis of two-stage cascade, Linder-Hampson and reverse Brayton systems in the temperature range from −120 °C to −60 °C

Cryopreservation in the temperature range from −120 °C to −60 °C is an important way to achieve high-quality food storage. In this paper, an in-depth quantitative thermodynamic comparison of two-stage cascade cycle, Linde-Hampson cycle and reverse Brayton cycle was carried out in the temperature range from −120 °C to −60 °C. Aspen HYSYS was used to invoke advanced genetic algorithm in MATLAB to optimize the system parameters. The two-stage cascade system performs best at the evaporation temperatures above −80 °C, achieving a COP of 0.97 at −60 °C. The Linder-Hampson system performs best when the evaporation temperature is below −90 °C, achieving a COP of 0.35 at −120 °C. In order to further explore the impact of environmental change on the system performance, five typical cities in China were selected to analyze the seasonal performances of the three systems. The seasonal analysis demonstrated that Harbin has the highest latitude and its seasonal energy efficiency ratio is significantly higher than other cities, the performance of the two-stage cascade system fluctuates more obvious within 24-h. What's more, the Linder-Hampson system has the lowest annual investment cost and annual operating cost at the evaporation temperature lower than −90 °C, as well as the lowest emissions of CO2 and SO2.

Quantification of Spatiotemporal Variability of Evapotranspiration (ET) and the Contribution of Influencing Factors for Different Land Cover Types in the Yunnan Province

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of terrestrial ecosystems and is sensitive to climate and land-use change due to its obvious link to ecohydrological processes. Therefore, understanding the spatiotemporal variability of evapotranspiration and its drivers under different land cover types plays an important role in estimating the impact of environmental change on the regional water cycle. In this study, we first estimated the spatiotemporal variations of ET for different land cover types in the Yunnan Province from 2001 to 2020 using the MODIS-Terra ET product (MOD16A2.06) and meteorological datasets, and quantified the contribution of six factors: namely, temperature (TEMP), precipitation (PRCP), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WDSP), soil moisture (SLME), NDVI, elevation, and slope, to the ET under different land cover types by using a ridge regression model. We then discussed the main reasons for the differences in ET in the Yunnan Province under different land cover types. The conclusions are as follows: during the study period, the annual mean ET ranged from 27 to 1183 mm, and there was a large spatial heterogeneity in its spatial distribution, with the smallest increasing trend of 2.1 mm/year in agricultural land and the largest increasing trend of 4.7 mm/year in grassland. Except for cropland, the sum of the relative contributions of the three influence factors, precipitation (PRCP), NDVI, and elevation, to all land cover types exceeded 40%, making them the most dominant factors influencing ET changes in the Yunnan Province. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of climate, vegetation, topography, and soils on ET, and contributes to the development of appropriate water resource management policies for different subsurface types in the context of climate warming and revegetation programs.

Pengaruh Duta Asri terhadap Sikap Peduli Lingkungan Siswa

Environmental cultured school or adiwiyata is an effort to improve environmental care behavior in the world of education. SMA Negeri 30 Jakarta as an adiwiyata school formed the Duta Asri to improve the adiwiyata character of students in anticipation of the impact of environmental changes. This study aims to determine the effect of Duta Asri on students' environmental care attitudes using quantitative descriptive methods with a survey approach. The population in this study were X and XI grade students other than Duta Asri members. Sampling using simple random sampling method as many as 84 people. Data analysis using simple linear regression techniques. The results of the analysis show that there is an effect of the Duta Asri’s activities on the environmental care attitude of SMA Negeri 30 Jakarta students by 47.5%. The activities of the Duta Asri that most effect the attitude of environmental care are through information media, socialization and class hygiene competitions. The lowest activity indicator in influencing students' environmental care attitudes is listening activities. This is caused by Duta Asri do not yet have the activity of listening to descriptions, opinions and criticism from others, in this case feedback in the form of suggestions and input from students.

In silico and in vitro safety assessment of a fungal biomass from Rhizomucor pusillus for use as a novel food ingredient.

To address the growing world population and reduce the impact of environmental changes on the global food supply, ingredients are being produced using microorganisms to yield sustainable and innovative products. Food ingredients manufactured using modern biotechnology must be produced by non-toxigenic and nonpathogenic production organisms that do not harbor antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Several fungal species represent attractive targets as sources of alternative food products. One such product is a fungal biomass obtained from the fermentation of Rhizomucor pusillus strain CBS 143028. The whole genome sequence of this strain was annotated and subjected to sequence homology searches and in silico phenotype prediction tools to identify genetic elements encoding for protein toxins active via oral consumption, virulence factors associated with pathogenicity, and determinants of AMR. The in silico investigation revealed no genetic elements sharing significant sequence homology with putative virulence factors, protein toxins, or AMR determinants, including the absence of mucoricin, an essential toxin in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. These in silico findings were corroborated in vitro based on the absence of clinically relevant mycotoxin or antibacterial secondary metabolites. Consequently, it is unlikely that R. pusillis strain CBS 143028 would pose a safety concern for use in food for human consumption.

Impact of forestry on environment and human health: an evidence-based investigation.

There is an increasing interest in the health effects of the forest. Without active participation in forestry, conflicts between the various stakeholders are foreseeable. The impact of forests on human life is unforgettable, and everyone gets enormous benefits from trees and greenery. COVID-19 has caused many changes in human behavior, which needs much attention. Environmental change's impact is considered a better solution and influences human behavior. Scientists around the globe are conducting research experiments on trees and the effect of forestry on human health, which is increasing in terms of social, ecological, and economic services. Trees provide full support to enhance the quality of life and minimize air pollution. Forests must be noticed to get benefits (e.g., carbon storage, fruits, human health considerations, economic benefits, and biodiversity). This research aims to explain the area of forest and health from the perspective of Saudi Arabian forestry and develop strategic measures for the proactive design of this topic. The research entailed expert interviews with forestry representatives and a quantitative survey of medical students. Our findings show that implementing strategic measures, such as establishing a forest and health, improves health and eliminates air pollution. It shows many other establishment and planning strategies, such as the use of professional visitor monitoring, the development of product innovations, the use of digitalization, and the development of integrated forest management.

The effect of the local environment on child nutritional outcomes: how does seasonality relate to wasting amongst children under 5 in south-west coastal Bangladesh?

The impact of short-term environmental changes on child nutritional status is not constant within populations. In many countries, the seasons are closely linked with many factors that are known to affect nutritional outcomes, such as food consumption, crop harvests, employment opportunities and illness. With extreme seasonal variation becoming more common, understanding how seasonality is related to child nutritional outcomes is vital. This study will explore spatial and temporal variation and determinants for acute malnutrition in a coastal river delta in south-west Bangladesh over the period of a year. Using a rural longitudinal survey, conducted in 2014–15 with 3 survey waves, wasting amongst children under 5 was studied. Spatial variation was analysed through ‘socio-ecological systems’, which capture interactions between ecosystems, livelihoods and populations. Wasting prevalence varied from 18.2% in the monsoon season to 8.7% post-major rice harvest (Aman). Seasons did not relate to wasting consistently over socio-ecological systems, with some systems showing greater variability over time, highlighting distinct seasonal dynamics in nutritional status. Wealthier socio-ecological systems had lower wasting generally, as expected, with greater livelihood diversification opportunities and strategies to smooth consumption. Nutrition interventions must consider seasonal peaks in acute malnutrition, as well as the environmental context when implementing programmes to maximise effectiveness. With increasing variability in seasonal changes, inequalities in the impact of season must be accounted for in health promotion activities. Furthermore, timing and season of survey implementation is an important factor to be accounted for in nutrition research, especially when comparing between two cross-sectional surveys.

The meteorological contrast index in the context of climate change and public health

In the context of climate change, extreme weather events and sudden shifts in weather patterns are becoming increasingly frequent. The atmosphere is considered a source of meteorological and climatic risks for human beings and living organisms. Numerous studies have examined the correlation between meteorological variables and human morbidity and mortality. However, only a few authors have investigated the impact of environmental changes on human health and, to our knowledge, there are no meteorological indices proposing a methodology for assessing changes in atmospheric conditions. Under the hypothesis that meteorological disruptions have an impact on human health, this article proposes a method to calculate a new index, the Meteorological Contrast Index (MCI), based on weather changes. This index takes into account three variables: i) categorization based on the type of atmospheric process, ii) changes in these categories over a specific time period, and iii) the level of stress associated with these changes, considering the severity of the transition from one category to another. If the predictive value of this index is proven for a specific meteorological variable and disease, it could be valuable in defining biometeorological early warning systems for the prevention and management of healthcare resources.•The Meteorological Contrast Index is the first index that proposes a method to assess changes in atmospheric conditions.•Atmospheric changes are a significant source of biometeorological distress, which can be quantitatively defined using the Meteorological Contrast Index.•Certain diseases are sensitive to the weather, and their incidence may increase under specific sequences of weather types.

“The forests are dirty”: Effects of climate and social change on landscape and well-being in the Italian Alps

Over the course of the last several decades, climate and social changes have fundamentally altered Alpine environments, landscapes, and weather patterns. While environmental changes are well-documented by natural science studies, the human dimensions of change remain understudied. Existing in-depth studies of the impact of climate and environmental changes on emotional well-being have revealed cross-cultural similarities in responses to change, but studies of the impact of such changes on the well-being of residents of the European Alps are needed. Through interviews, participant observation, and a questionnaire, the study identified two pathways through which changes to Alpine environments are affecting the well-being of mountain residents in the Lombardy region of the Italian Alps. The landscape and ecosystem changes caused by social changes are affecting well-being through disrupting connections to place and affecting people's sense of identity as tied to an agricultural past. The weather changes caused by climate change are increasing anxiety and worry linked to feelings of unpredictability, uncertainty, and loss of control. There is also overlap. Both the changes caused by climate change and by social changes are affecting well-being by disrupting the reliability of place-based knowledge.

Urban Planning and Green Landscape Management Drive Plant Diversity in Five Tropical Cities in China

Green space is essential in urban areas to maintain, and improve human well-being. To better understand the impact of environmental and socioeconomic changes on the sustainability of tropical urban green space landscapes, work is needed to explore the patterns of plant diversity and its drivers in urban green spaces. We explore urban floristic diversity patterns based on samples from 826 urban functional units located in five cities in the tropical coastal region of China. Field surveys were conducted to obtain data on plant diversity, land use types, socioeconomic characteristics, and environmental characteristics within these units. Plant diversity within the cities varied significantly among land-use types, with high-rise housing, parks, and universities exhibiting higher diversity. The diversity of cultivated plant species and the regional economy showed a significant positive correlation (β coefficient = 0.15, p-value < 0.05), while an increase in the diversity of spontaneously growing plant species and native species was linked to building age (β coefficient = 0.12, p-value < 0.01; β coefficient = 0.13, p-value < 0.01). Management also affected plant species diversity, with watering and maintenance frequency having a positive association. Urban plant diversity patterns result from a combination of multiple factors, and different drivers affect native vs. non-native plant diversity Socio-economic factors are the primary driver of urban plant diversity patterns, as space management and maintenance determine what can grow in different areas. This study has important practical significance for policymakers and managers in developing and managing urban green spaces more sustainably.

A distant city: Assessing the impact of Dutch socioeconomic developments on urban and rural health using respiratory disease as a proxy

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of respiratory disease in several populations from the Netherlands across different time periods and socioeconomic conditions. MaterialsWe analyzed 695 adult individuals from six different Dutch contexts of urban and rural settlements dating to different time periods (i.e., early-medieval, late-medieval, post-medieval). MethodsFor each individual, the presence/absence of chronic maxillary sinusitis, otitis media, and inflammatory periosteal reaction on ribs was recorded macroscopically according to accepted methods. ResultsStatistically significant associations were found in the presence of sinusitis diachronically (early-medieval to late-medieval period, and early-medieval to post-medieval period) both in rural and urban environments. Differences in prevalence rates of otitis media were found statistically significant when comparing rural to urban environments in the early-medieval and late-medieval periods. ConclusionOur results suggest that factors such as increased contact between towns and countryside, higher population densities, and intensification of agricultural production impacted the respiratory health of past populations both in rural and urban settings. SignificanceOur study provides new insights into the impact of environmental changes and urbanization on respiratory disease prevalence, shedding light on the relationship between health and changing social and environmental contexts. LimitationsResearch limitations included the complex etiology of respiratory diseases, and the impact of uncontrollable factors such as hidden heterogeneity, selective mortality, and rural-to-urban migration. Future researchFurther research in different contexts is advised in order to continue exploring urbanization and its impact on human health across both time and space.

Contributions and Resistances to Vulnerability of Rural Human Settlements System in Agricultural Areas of Chinese Loess Plateau since 1980

The vulnerability evolution of human settlements system on the micro-scale is a direct indicator of the local impact of global environmental change. Traditional agricultural areas are most vulnerable to climate and market changes. Due to the lack of historical statistics, micro-scale quantitative studies on the historical evolution of vulnerability are extremely scarce. From the perspective of the socio-ecological system, this study conducted field investigations along with quantitative assessment and an ethnographic approach to explore the vulnerability change of rural human settlements system since 1980 in Jia County, an agro-pastoral interlocking area. The study found that the vulnerability of natural, dwelling and social systems has continued to decrease, while human system vulnerability increased. At present, the RHSS is characterized by the poor quality of the river, a depressed rural population and a large gap between the rich and poor as weaknesses, and is characterized by sandstorm disaster reduction, more robust rural roads, adequate water for domestic use and high social security as strengths. Results revealed that ecological projects, increased precipitation, market changes, urbanization siphoning and farmer behaviors are key drivers to the vulnerability change since 1980. The study findings can be directly applied to rural revitalization strategies, vulnerability mitigation and adaptive management practices in China. In addition, the vulnerability evolution under multiple perturbations can provide guidance for settlement planning and construction in traditional agricultural areas among developing countries under global changes.

Exploring Switzerland’s Land Cover Change Dynamics Using a National Statistical Survey

Timely and reliable Land Use and Cover change information is crucial to efficiently mitigate the negative impact of environmental changes. Switzerland has the ambitious objective of being a sustainable country while remaining an attractive business location with a high level of well-being. However, this aspiration is hampered by increasing pressures that are significantly impacting the environment and putting serious demands on land. In the present study, we used the national Land Cover (LC) dataset, named ArealStatistik, produced by the Federal Statistical Office, to explore the spatiotemporal patterns of Land Cover in Switzerland, providing a comprehensive assessment of land cover change at the national scale. Results indicate that, in general, Switzerland has undergone small, spatially dispersed, dynamic, and gradual change trends, with high rates of transition between low growing Brush Vegetation and forest LC classes in recent years. These pixel-level trends are more important in the lower altitude plateau and Jura regions, while greater changes in the spatial configuration of LC are observed in the alpine regions. However, findings also suggest that identifying drivers and understanding the rate of change are limited by the spatial resolution and temporal update frequency of the ArealStatistik. The ability to understand these drivers would benefit from a high-resolution annual LC dataset. Such a data product can be produced using the ArealStatistik together with dense satellite data time-series and Machine/Deep Learning techniques.

The Effects of Biodiversity Knowledge on Environmental Awareness and Pro-Environmental Behavior Towards Proboscis Monkey Conservation in the Area of PT. Antang Gunung Meratus

Objective: The proboscis monkey is included in Appendix I, the 2023 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) as the most threatened and protected fauna. This species is endemic to the island of Borneo and is designated as the mascot of Indonesia's South Kalimantan Province. Theoritical Framework: Biodiversity conservation studies focus on improving the physical quality of habitats, the impact of environmental changes and natural resources. In addition, this research explores knowledge about biodiversity from the social aspect in the form of community participation, so that it can provide good knowledge about diversity to the community Purpose: of this study is to provide education from the public about environmental awareness around the proboscis monkey's habitat. This study used a quantitative method, where confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out using SmartPLS software version 3.2.9. Method: The research model was tested on 163 respondents living around the proboscis monkey conservation area of PT. Antang Mount Meratus, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Results and Conclusion: The results showed that there is a significant influence of Knowledge of Biodiversity on Environmental Awareness and Pro-Environmental Behavior. This study also shows the significant influence of Environmental Awareness on Pro-Environmental Behavior. This study can conclude that the role of the community is very important to preserve the environment, especially in the context of conserving flora and fauna which are threatened with extinction Research Implications: This study provides a managerial contribution to policy makers and companies to focus on providing in-depth knowledge about biodiversity and conducting ongoing education to the community around the proboscis monkey's habitat. from the social aspect this research provides an understanding to the community to behave in an environmentally friendly manner

The comprehensive application of the lawn ecology of the football field in enhancing the intention of sports consumption

With the continuous progress and development of society and the outstanding achievements of football in the field of competitive sports in recent years, the enthusiasm of citizens to participate in sports and fitness has become higher and higher. The course turf ecology is a multi-layered organic whole composed of many natural and social factors, which is an important symbol of football competitiveness. It can be predicted that the relationship between sports and the environment and the impact of environmental changes on consumer intentions are global and long-term. Therefore, according to the annual change status and formation factors of ecological benefits such as carbon sequestration and oxygen release, transpiration water release, and heat absorption in the turf of a football field in a city, the time series stability test method and the multiple regression analysis method are used to discuss the comprehensive application of the lawn ecology of the football field in enhancing the intention of sports consumption. The experimental results verify that the ecological benefits of lawns have a significant positive effect on sports consumption intentions, which can not only optimize the unreasonable sports consumption structure, improve the level of sports consumption, and increase the proportion of consumption amount of more than 5,000 yuan from 5.06% to 23.34%, but also make the leading sports consumption motivation from a more symbolic display of personality, status symbols, and social entertainment to a sportsmanlike physique, entertainment, spiritual enjoyment, and positive guidance of sports consumption motivation.

High throughput 13C-metabolic flux analysis of 3-hydroxypropionic acid producing Pichia pastoris reveals limited availability of acetyl-CoA and ATP due to tight control of the glycolytic flux

BackgroundProduction of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) through the malonyl-CoA pathway has yielded promising results in Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii), demonstrating the potential of this cell factory to produce this platform chemical and other acetyl-CoA-derived products using glycerol as a carbon source. However, further metabolic engineering of the original P. pastoris 3-HP-producing strains resulted in unexpected outcomes, e.g., significantly lower product yield and/or growth rate. To gain an understanding on the metabolic constraints underlying these observations, the fluxome (metabolic flux phenotype) of ten 3-HP-producing P. pastoris strains has been characterized using a high throughput 13C-metabolic flux analysis platform. Such platform enabled the operation of an optimised workflow to obtain comprehensive maps of the carbon flux distribution in the central carbon metabolism in a parallel-automated manner, thereby accelerating the time-consuming strain characterization step in the design-build-test-learn cycle for metabolic engineering of P. pastoris.ResultsWe generated detailed maps of the carbon fluxes in the central carbon metabolism of the 3-HP producing strain series, revealing the metabolic consequences of different metabolic engineering strategies aimed at improving NADPH regeneration, enhancing conversion of pyruvate into cytosolic acetyl-CoA, or eliminating by-product (arabitol) formation. Results indicate that the expression of the POS5 NADH kinase leads to a reduction in the fluxes of the pentose phosphate pathway reactions, whereas an increase in the pentose phosphate pathway fluxes was observed when the cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthesis pathway was overexpressed. Results also show that the tight control of the glycolytic flux hampers cell growth due to limited acetyl-CoA biosynthesis. When the cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthesis pathway was overexpressed, the cell growth increased, but the product yield decreased due to higher growth-associated ATP costs. Finally, the six most relevant strains were also cultured at pH 3.5 to assess the effect of a lower pH on their fluxome. Notably, similar metabolic fluxes were observed at pH 3.5 compared to the reference condition at pH 5.ConclusionsThis study shows that existing fluoxomics workflows for high-throughput analyses of metabolic phenotypes can be adapted to investigate P. pastoris, providing valuable information on the impact of genetic manipulations on the metabolic phenotype of this yeast. Specifically, our results highlight the metabolic robustness of P. pastoris’s central carbon metabolism when genetic modifications are made to increase the availability of NADPH and cytosolic acetyl-CoA. Such knowledge can guide further metabolic engineering of these strains. Moreover, insights into the metabolic adaptation of P. pastoris to an acidic pH have also been obtained, showing the capability of the fluoxomics workflow to assess the metabolic impact of environmental changes.

Looking Ahead: Predicting the Possible Ecological and Physiological Response of Galago Moholi to Environmental Change

AbstractLarge scale changes to the natural environment, due to both climate change and direct human activities (e.g., urbanization), pose a great risk to biodiversity. As this realization has set in, the number of studies modelling and monitoring the effect of environmental change on species response and survival has increased significantly; however, these studies focus on flagship species, often neglecting the lesser-known, cryptic species, which include the nocturnal primates. This is especially true for the 20 species of galago who, despite their large distribution throughout Africa, have had little to no research conducted on the effect of environmental change on population fitness and long-term survival. With urbanization set to increase throughout their distribution range, along with an increase in climate change parameters (e.g., increased temperature and a decrease in annual rainfall), the most studied species of the family, namely the African lesser bushbaby Galago moholi, provides an ideal model to assess the impact of future environmental change on galago species. In this review, we discuss the possible impact of environmental change on G. moholi and specifically focus on the effect of environmental change on feeding ecology, genetics, thermal biology, and reproduction, all of which contribute to the fitness and survival of the species. We also highlight the need for specific, long-term research to be conducted on the effect of environmental change on the survival likelihood of G. moholi and other galago species.