Impact Of Zinc Research Articles

Californian worms biomass growth and its zinc accumulation under different concentrations of the metal in the nutrient medium

The ability of worms to accumulate biotic metals in their body creates the preconditions for obtaining a protein-mineral supplement containing metals in the organic compounds. Experimental studies on the worms reproduction, their mass increase and zinc organic forms accumulation in their body, depending on the content of this metal in the nutrient medium were carried out. Zinc content in the nutrient medium for worms was regulated by adding various doses of this metal salt (ZnSO4 • 7H2O). Worms were grown for 110 days on a nutrient medium with a different content of zinc. It has been established that adding Zinc at a dose of 160 mg/kg of nutrient medium provides increase in the worms number and weight by 1.5–1.9 and 1.55–1.96 times, respectively, as compared to the worms grown on a nutrient medium without zinc addition. The negative impact of zinc at a dose of 640 mg/kg of nutrient medium on the worms mass increase was established. Vermiculture mass was 12.9% lower than the control under high dose of the metal. Additional application of zinc at doses of 40 mg/kg, 80, 160, 320 and 640 mg/kg in growing worms on a nutrient medium provided increase in the content of this element in vermiculture dry mass, respectively, by 20.4%, 31.7, 50.0% or by 2.7 and 3.0 times.

Impact of zinc and arginine on antioxidant status of weanling piglets raised under commercial conditions.

The effects of dietary zinc and L-arginine supplements on the weight gain, feed efficiency, antioxidant capacity and oxidative status of weanling piglets raised under commercial conditions were examined. A total of 288 piglets aged 21 d were fed for 15 d a diet supplemented or not with 2,500 mg/kg of zinc (provided as zinc oxide) and 1% L-arginine·HCl. The 4 treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with 6 initial body weight categories (12 animals per pen). Access to feed and water was ad libitum. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial experiment using the SAS MIXED procedure, with zinc and arginine as the main independent variables. Blood collection day (d 8 and 15, samples were collected from the same 2 piglets in each pen before the morning feeding) was included as a third factor. The zinc supplement increased the average daily gain (ADG) from d 0 to 7, d 8 to 15 and d 0 to 15 (0.289 vs. 0.217 kg/d), average daily feed intake (ADFI) from d 8 to 15 and d 0 to 15 (0.338 vs. 0.279 kg/d) and the gain to feed (G:F) ratio from d 0 to 7 and d 0 to 15 (0.86 vs. 0.77) (P < 0.001). Both supplements significantly decreased the malondialdehyde concentration (zinc: 4.37 vs. 3.91 μmol/L, P = 0.005; arginine: 4.38 vs. 3.89 μmol/L, P = 0.002). Total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione (GSH) increased from d 8 to 15 (0.953 vs. 1.391 μmol/L, 2.22 vs. 3.37 μmol/L, P < 0.05) regardless of dietary treatment. Total and oxidized GSH concentrations on d 8 were higher in response to the combined supplements (zinc × arginine interaction, P < 0.05). Piglets fed either Zn-supplemented diet had a lower haptoglobin serum concentration (509 vs. 1,417 mg/L; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the zinc supplement improved piglet growth performance (ADG and ADFI) and oxidative status (based on malondialdehyde concentration). The arginine supplement had a limited effect on growth performance and oxidative status under these conditions.

Impact of Zinc on Birth and Placental Weight in Cadmium and Lead Exposure during Pregnancy

Impact of Zinc on Birth and Placental Weight in Cadmium and Lead Exposure during Pregnancy

Impact of Zinc and Organic Manure on Wheat Productivity and Soil Fertility

Impact of Zinc and Organic Manure on Wheat Productivity and Soil Fertility

Impact of Zinc and Iron Ferti-Fortification on Leaf Area Index, Kernel Yield, Shelling Percentage and Iron Uptake of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes

Impact of Zinc and Iron Ferti-Fortification on Leaf Area Index, Kernel Yield, Shelling Percentage and Iron Uptake of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes

Impact of zinc on dehydration and rehydration responses in tea

Zinc nutrition of tea (Camelia sinensis) have a great impact on acclimation to dehydration stress and on improvement of stress recovery. Dehydration stress induced by withholding water for 7 d decreased relative water content, dry mass of leaf, and content of antioxidants like ascorbate and glutathione and increased H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation and changed activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. A pre-treatment with 0.1 and 0.5 mM ZnSO4 minimized these effects and increased Zn uptake. Further, foliar spray with 0.1 and 0.5 mM ZnSO4 before rehydration lowered H2O2 generation, increased content of antioxidants and activities of antioxidative enzymes, and decreased lipid peroxidation. The present findings suggest that zinc regulates water stress responses and recovery after rehydration in tea.

Exploring the intersection of cellular zinc and kinase activity with single cell imaging

Zinc is an essential metal in biology, playing a structural or functional role in up to 10% of the human proteome. Certain cell types experience fluctuations in labile zinc, and these zinc dynamics have been shown to play a role in cellular signaling. Neurons in the hippocampus concentrate synaptic zinc, but its function in signal transduction and neuronal development is not fully understood. We use and develop fluorescent tools to explore how physiologically‐relevant changes in labile zinc impact intracellular kinase signaling in single cells and in the context of neuronal signaling. In this work, we demonstrate that increases in labile cellular zinc lead to greater activation of ERK kinase and explore the mechanism of this activation. The impact of zinc on other signaling pathways are also explored using fluorescent biosensors and kinase activity profiling. Understanding how zinc impacts cell signaling pathways is fundamental to characterizing the effects of zinc fluctuations in a variety of cell types.Support or Funding InformationNSF Graduate Research Fellowship and NIH T32 Biophysics Training GrantThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Impact of zinc on biologically mediated monochloramine decay in waters from a field based pilot scale drinking water distribution system

Zinc is a heavy metal that is essential for human health at trace levels. Zinc also has antibacterial properties and these were investigated on microbiological mediated monochloramine decay (measured as a microbial decay factor, Fm) occurring in chloraminated drinking water. Water samples displaying rapid chloramine decay were obtained using a field based novel design pilot-plant distribution system (PDS), located at the Tailem Bend water treatment plant, South Australia. The PDS comprised 1 kL tanks each holding 900 m of polyethylene tubing with sampling points at 300 m intervals. Flow rates were applied to achieve hydraulic retention times (HRTs) that simulated those of the full-scale distribution system. Total (kt) and microbiological mediated (km) decay rates were determined for chloraminated waters as these passed through the PDS. Highest Fm values (2.1 ± 0.7) were found for waters collected at the outflow of the PDS pipework, demonstrating increase in microbiological mediated monochloramine decay with increased HRT. Zinc (0.6–60 mg/L) added to water samples was found to lower kt, km and consequently Fm, as its concentration was increased. Mathematical models (R2 > 0.9 and T-test value > 0.8) were developed that describe reductions in monochloramine decay rates with the zinc addition. Reduction in kt and Fm in response to zinc were found to have an inverse correlation with initial microbial activity in the chloraminated waters. Zinc concentration below drinking water aesthetic limits (<3.0 mg/L, ADWG) was also found to lower the monochloramine decay rate, indicating potential benefit at such levels in chloraminated distribution systems.

Impact of zinc on thyroid metabolism

Impact of zinc on thyroid metabolism

Impact of zinc on sexual maturation of female sickle cell anemia (SCA) children in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria

ABSTRACTAdolescence is an important developmental period of childhood. Good health and adequate nutrition consisting major food constituents and trace elements like zinc are fundamental for optimal sexual maturation. To determine the relationship between zinc levels and pattern of breast and pubic hair development, as well as menarcheal age of female SCA children aged 6–18 years and their matched controls with hemoglobin genotype AA. Cross sectional, case-control study. Information on biodata, age at menarche, medical and drug history as well as 24-hour dietary recall was documented using interviewer administered questionnaire. Sexual maturation was assessed using Tanner staging and zinc levels determined using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Eighty-one subjects were compared with 81 controls. There was significant delay in the mean age of attainment of various Tanner stages of breast and pubic hair in the subjects. Mean age of 14.81 ± 1.07 years at menarche in subjects was significantly higher than 12.62 ± 1.18 years in controls (p = 0.001). Serum zinc of 58.01 ± 10.58 µg/dl in subjects was significantly lower than 68.37 ± 8.67 µg/dl in controls (p = 0.001). Serum zinc levels were found to have a significant positive relationship with stages of sexual maturation and mean age at menarche. Reduced serum zinc in children with SCA was associated with delayed sexual maturation.

Impact of ions of zinc and cadmium on body weight, fertility and condition of the tissues and organs of Procambarus virginalis (Decapoda, Cambaridae)

Heavy metals cause functional disorders in the tissues and organs of hydrobionts, affecting their linear-weight indicators, reproductive system, digestive and eliminative organs. Using the method of histological estimation of the conditions of the tissues and organs of Procambarus virginalis Lyko, 2017 allowed us to determine the peculiarities of adaptation of crustaceans to the effect of different concentrations of heavy metal ions in the conditions of a modeling experiment. We studied the impact ions of zinc (0.1 mg/l) and cadmium (0.01 mg/l) on the organism of P. virginalis. The heavy metal ions had a negative effect on the weight indicators, survivability and reproduction of P. virginalis. During the experiments with zinc, we observed death of 18.2% of the tested сrustaceans; the highest death rate was observed in the experiment with cadmium – 27.3%. Experimentally modeled concentrations of heavy metals negatively affected the reproductive system of P. virginalis. In the experiment with cadmium ions, we observed no spawning; the highest percentage of the females with deposed eggs was observed in the control – 29.1%. The conducted studies allowed us to observe the reaction of the eliminatory system of P. virginalis to the impact of heavy metal ions. The impact of ions of zinc and cadmium decreased the area of secretory cells of the green gland by 10.4–14.8%. We observed grinding of the nuclear cell apparatus. Therefore, the nucleii of granulocytes were 23.6% smaller under the impact of zinc, and 17.5% smaller under the influence of cadmium. The sizes of cells and nucleus apparatus decreased mutually and proportionally; this was proven by stable indicators of nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, its value equaled 0.29–0.31 units. The given concentrations of heavy metals did not affect the histological condition of the adipose tissue, the sizes of adipocytes fluctuated within the range of 215–2178 μm2, the average equaled 872–994 μm2. We determined the negative effect of heavy metals on the histological structure of the hepatopancreas and the value of gland lumens. In the control, the area of previous section equaled 164.5 μm2 with 39 μm2 lumen. During the experiment with zinc ions the structures of hepatopancreas increased by 19.9%, and in the experiment with cadmium, we observed the highest increase in the structural elements of the tissues – by 50.2%. The worst histological condition of the cells of the tested tissues and organs of P. virginalis was observed among individuals impacted by the cadmium ions; this is explained by the high toxic effect of this heavy metal.

Impact of Zinc and Boron on Growth, Yield and Quality of Kinnow (Citrus deliciosa x Citrus nobilis) in Sub-tropical Conditions of Punjab

Impact of Zinc and Boron on Growth, Yield and Quality of Kinnow (Citrus deliciosa x Citrus nobilis) in Sub-tropical Conditions of Punjab

The content of polyphenols and chosen heavy metals in faba bean (Faba vulgaris Moench) relating to different doses of zinc application

We investigated the impact of zinc on chosen heavy metals contents (Cu, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni) and polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity of chosen legume. Used soil was from Cakajovce locality (located in Nitra upland) with the neutral soil reaction suitable for the legume cultivation. Determined Cd content as well as Pb content in the soil was on the level of critical value given for the relationship between soil and plant. The values of both elements were far below threshold values proposed by European Commission. In experiment we used two cultivars of fababean - Saturn, Zobor. Seeds of fababean were harvested in milk ripeness. The different high doses of zinc (as ZnSO4.7H2O) were applied into the uncontaminated soil in model conditions. The strong statistical relationship between added Zn content in the soil and in seeds of both faba bean cultivars as well as was the total polyphenols content and the total antioxidant capacity values was confirmed. In all variants the determined Zn amount was below (Saturn) or slightly above (Zobor) the hygienic limit given by the legislative. On the other hand faba bean of both cultivars accumulated high amounts of Pb and Cd - in all variants higher than hygienic limits. The contents of all other heavy metals (Ni, Co, Cr, Cu) were lower than hygienic limits. The polyphenols content ranged from 2208 to 4622 milligrams per kilogram of fresh sample calculated as gallic acid equivalents. Faba bean shows a very small antioxidant capacity - 4.66 - 5.71% of DPPH inhibition.

Impact of zinc and zinc oxide nanoparticles on the physiological and biochemical processes in tomato and wheat

In this study, the effects of various concentrations of zinc and zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZn, nZnO) were evaluated in tomato and wheat. Results showed that at lower concentrations, nZn and nZnO augmented seed germination and growth parameters, whereas with higher concentrations, the nanoparticles reduced these traits. Zn concentrations corresponding to Zn dissolved (3–23 mg Zn·L−1) from nanoparticles (NPs) did not significantly affect the germination indices in either species. Compared with the bulk counterparts of ZnO, NPs exerted more toxicity on seed germination, growth parameters, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and also increased Zn bioaccumulation more. More often than not, nZnO provoked more adverse symptoms than nZn at equivalent concentrations. In both species, the Zn accumulation in roots and shoots followed the order: Zn2+ ions &gt; nZn &gt; nZnO &gt; bulk ZnO &gt; control. Exposure to 200 mg Zn·L−1 nZn and nZnO increased H2O2 accumulation and malondealdehyde (MDA) levels, which were more pronounced in tomato than wheat. The results suggested that the toxicity of NPs could be due to the particle itself, or from the Zn2+ ions dissolved from NPs. Moreover, nanotoxicity, like other stresses, caused oxidative stress in both plants, and the differences in proline accumulation and the antioxidant enzyme activities of leaves, especially APX activity, at least in part, explained the higher sensitivity of tomato to NPs than wheat.

Impact of zinc on micronutrient content in root in different wheat cultivars

Summary For the experiment, four different wheat varieties were selected of which two were Zn-efficient (GW190 and LOK-1) and two Zn-inefficient (GW399 and GW-403) varieties having three levels viz., 0, 10 and 20 mg Zn kg -1 through zinc sulphate (21% Zn) with standard NPK fertilization. The cultivars were grown in pots (6, 7 and 10 kg capacity) upto three stages viz., 20, 50 days after germination (DAG) and upto maturity. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) and treatments were repeated thrice for all three stages. The varietal trend of root Zn content was observed in order as; GW399>GW403>GW190>LOK-1. The root Fe content was observed in order as LOK-1>GW190> GW399>GW403. The Mn content was observed as in order GW403>LOK-1> GW399>GW190. The varietal trend for root content Cu was found as in order GW190>GW403>LOK-1>GW399.

Theoretical investigation of the reaction of dialkylzincs with α-alkoxycarbonyl radicals. Evaluation of α-bromoacrylates as radical acceptors in radical-polar crossover processes

The evaluation of ethyl α-bromoacrylate as radical acceptor in dialkylzinc radical-polar cascades addresses the question of the parameters controlling homolytic substitution at zinc by α-alcoxycarbonyl radicals. Under non-degassed medium ethyl α-bromoacrylate reacts with diethylzinc to give a bromocyclopropane. The reaction involves successively radical addition, SH2 at zinc, conjugate addition of the resulting enolate to the electrophilic substrate and ring closure. Theoretical calculations were performed to get a better insight into the detailed mechanism. They highlight the impact of zinc(II) chelation on the formal SH2 step. Additional experiments performed in the presence of other electrophiles–aldehydes and acylsilanes–are discussed.

Evaluation of zinc accumulation, allocation, and tolerance in Zea mays L. seedlings: implication for zinc phytoextraction.

This work investigated the accumulation, allocation, and impact of zinc (Zn; 1.0 μM-10 mM) in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings under simulated laboratory conditions. Z. mays exhibited no significant change in its habitus (the physical characteristics of plants) up to 10-1000 μM of Zn (vs 5-10 mM Zn). Zn tolerance evaluation, based on the root test, indicated a high tolerance of Z. mays to both low and intermediate (or relatively high) concentrations of Zn, whereas this plant failed to tolerate 10 mM Zn and exhibited a 5-fold decrease in its Zn tolerance. Contingent to Zn treatment levels, Zn hampered the growth of axial organs and brought decreases in the leaf area, water regime, and biomass accumulation. Nevertheless, at elevated levels of Zn (10 mM), Zn(2+) was stored in the root cytoplasm and inhibited both axial organ growth and water regime. However, accumulation and allocation of Zn in Z. mays roots, studied herein employing X-ray fluorimeter and histochemical methods, were close to Zn accumulator plants. Overall, the study outcomes revealed Zn tolerance of Z. mays, and also implicate its potential role in Zn phytoextraction.

Impact of Zinc and Manganese Application to Increase Productivity of Autumn Planted Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Abstract Micronutrients play a significant role in various plant metabolic processes and are required in much smaller amount by the plants as compared to the macronutrients. An experiment was conducted during 2011, at the Agronomic research area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, to investigate the response of autumn planted maize to ZnSO4 and MnSO4 levels (10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1) and in combinations (5 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 + 5 kg ha-1 MnSO4, 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 + 10 kg ha-1 MnSO4 and 15 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 + 15 kg ha-1 MnSO4). The randomized complete block design (RCBD) having three replicates was used with plot size of 3 m x 6 m. The crop was planted on ridges 75 cm apart with recommended plant to plant distance of 25 cm. Maximum values for plant height at maturity (225 cm), cob diameter (4.29 cm), number of grains per cob (415), biological yield (20.15 tons ha-1), grain yield (7.42 tons ha-1) and seed protein content (8.96%) were recorded where 15 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 + 15 kg ha-1 MnSO4 was applied.

The impact of zinc on insulin fibrillation

Protein and peptide amyloid fibrillation is an increasingly significant field of research due to the growing prevalence and recognition of amyloid-related human diseases and in relation to therapeutic applications of peptide drugs where it constitutes a challenge during production and transportation. Insulin fibrillation represents a good model system for fibrillation studies and numerous pathways of insulin fibrillation have been suggested [1]. In general, partially unfolded insulin monomers (or dimers) are believed to be a vital prerequisite for prefibrillar association and eventually fibril formation (reviewed by Groenning in [1]). As fibrillation is commonly found to occur from the biologically active, monomeric form of insulin, zinc is considered to impede insulin fibril formation through stabilization of the physiological predominant hexameric forms. The question arises whether the assigned monomeric pathway at least to some degree could be a premise generated from the usual experimental procedure of inducing fibril formation; experiments that are conducted at acidic conditions with protonated histidine residues that cannot coordinate the Zn(II) ions, to induce the monomeric form believed to be the prerequisite of insulin fibrillation? However, in a more recent study [2], it was suggested that Zn(II) ions in contrast also inhibit fibrillation through differential stabilization of the insulin monomer. In the present work, we have investigated the presence and influence of zinc at well-defined stoichiometric levels at physiological pH, as well as the inner coordination sphere of Zn(II) during insulin fibril formation, using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). In addition, the results were validated with fiber diffraction studies, small-angle X-ray studies and ThT fluorescence studies.

Nitrogen metabolism and gas exchange parameters associated with zinc stress in tobacco expressing an ipt gene for cytokinin synthesis

Increased endogenous plant cytokinin (CK) content through transformation with an isopentyl transferase (ipt) gene has been associated with improved plant stress tolerance. The impact of zinc (tested levels Zn1=250, Zn2=500, Zn3=750mgkg(-1)soil) on gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration) and nitrogen utilization by plants resulted in changes of free amino acid concentrations (glutamic acid, glutamine, asparagine, aspartate, glycine, serine, cystein) and differed for transformed and non-transformed tobacco plants. For pot experiments, tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Wisconsin 38) transformed with a construct consisting of SAG12 promoter fused with the ipt gene for cytokinin synthesis (SAG plants) and its wild type (WT plants as a control) were used. Physiological analyses confirmed that SAG plants had improved zinc tolerance compared with the WT plants. The enhanced Zn tolerance of SAG plants was associated with the maintenance of accumulation of amino acids and with lower declines of photosynthetic and transpiration rates. In comparison to WT plants, SAG plants exposed to the highest Zn concentration accumulated lower concentrations of asparagine, which is a major metabolic product during senescence.