Terms Of Impact Research Articles

Adverse impacts of revealing the presence of “Artificial Intelligence (AI)” technology in product and service descriptions on purchase intentions: the mediating role of emotional trust and the moderating role of perceived risk

ABSTRACT While the presence of the term “Artificial Intelligence (AI)” in a product description may be viewed as a sign of that product having advanced capabilities and features, it may also trigger fear and concern among consumers. Therefore, this study explores the impact of inclusion (vs. exclusion) of the “Artificial Intelligence” term in goods and service descriptions on consumers’ purchase intentions. It also examines the mediating role of emotional trust and the moderating role of perceived product risk in this relationship. We conducted six experiments to investigate these relationships. The data were analyzed using T-tests and Hayes Process Macro Models 4 and 7. The findings of the study indicated that the inclusion of the “Artificial Intelligence” term in descriptions of products and services decreases purchase intention, and that emotional trust mediates this relationship. Findings further suggested that the negative mediating effect of emotional trust on the impact of AI term on purchase intention was stronger for high-risk products, compared to low-risk products. These findings provide valuable insights for both academia and practitioners, leading them to develop more effective and appealing strategies in the applications of AI.

Long term impact of Wenchuan earthquake on population mental and behavioral disorders in heavily-stricken areas: An ecological study based on big data

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore and evaluate the development trends and differential changes in the prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders among the earthquake survivors in exposure groups (highly hard-hit areas) and control groups (general disaster areas) from 2015 to 2019, as well as to investigate the potential influencing factors. MethodsData was obtained from the Sichuan Health Information System and the Sichuan Health Yearbook, the prevalence of the exposure group and the control group were calculated, the difference between the two groups was evaluated using the prevalence rate ratio, and a fixed effect model was developed to investigate the potential influencing factors of the prevalence. ResultsThe prevalence by gender and age in the exposure group was always greater than those in the control group (RR>1), although the disparity between the two proceeded to diminish with time. The urbanization rate (β = 0.0448, P < 0.05) and disaster area levels (β = 0.0104, P < 0.05) were risk factors for the prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders. LimitationsThe study only collected data at the group level following the Wenchuan earthquake. Consequently, the findings are only applicable at the group level. Furthermore, diagnostic criteria for various types of mental and behavioral disorders diseases were not provided. ConclusionsThe earthquake has a significant long-term impact on mental health. It is necessary to continuously monitor the mental health of Wenchuan earthquake survivors and take appropriate post-disaster intervention measures.

Towards precise LET measurements based on energy deposition of therapeutic ions in Timepix3 detectors

Objective. There is an increasing interest in calculating and measuring linear energy transfer (LET) spectra in particle therapy in order to assess their impact in biological terms. As such, the accuracy of the particle fluence energy spectra becomes paramount. This study focuses on quantifying energy depositions of distinct proton, helium, carbon, and oxygen ion beams using a silicon pixel detector developed at CERN to determine LET spectra in silicon. Approach. While detection systems have been investigated in this pursuit, the scarcity of detectors capable of providing per-ion data with high spatial and temporal resolution remains an issue. This gap is where silicon pixel detector technology steps in, enabling online tracking of single-ion energy deposition. The used detector consisted of a 300 µm thick silicon sensor operated in partial depletion. Main results. During post-processing, artifacts in the acquired signals were identified and methods for their corrections were developed. Subsequently, a correlation between measured and Monte Carlo-based simulated energy deposition distributions was performed, relying on a two-step recalibration approach based on linear and saturating exponential models. Despite the observed saturation effects, deviations were confined below 7% across the entire investigated range of track-averaged LET values in silicon from 0.77 keV µm−1 to 93.16 keV µm−1. Significance. Simulated and measured mean energy depositions were found to be aligned within 7%, after applying artifact corrections. This extends the range of accessible LET spectra in silicon to clinically relevant values and validates the accuracy and reliability of the measurements. These findings pave the way towards LET-based dosimetry through an approach to translate these measurements to LET spectra in water. This will be addressed in a future study, extending functionality of treatment planning systems into clinical routine, with the potential of providing ion-beam therapy of utmost precision to cancer patients.

Neuroimaging evaluation of the long term impact of a novel paired meditation practice on brain function.

A growing number of advanced neuroimaging studies have compared brain structure and function in long term meditators to non-meditators. The goal is to determine if there may be long term effects on the brain from practicing meditation. In this paper, we present new data on the long term effects of a novel meditation practice in which the focus is on clitoral stimulation. The findings from such a study have implications for potential therapeutic uses with regard to various neurological or psychiatric conditions. We evaluated the cerebral glucose metabolism in 40 subjects with an extended history (>1 year of practice, 2-3 times per week) performing the meditation practice called Orgasmic Meditation (OM) and compared their brains to a group of non-meditating healthy controls (N = 19). Both meditation and non-meditation subjects underwent brain PET after injection with 148 to 296 MBq of FDG using a standard imaging protocol. Resting FDG PET scans of the OM group were compared to the resting scans of healthy, non-meditating, controls using statistical parametric mapping. The OM group showed significant differences in metabolic activity at rest compared to the controls. Specifically, there was significantly lower metabolism in select areas of the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, as well as the anterior cingulate, insula, and thalamus, in the OM group compared to the controls. In addition, there were notable distinctions between the males and females with the females demonstrating significantly lower metabolism in the thalamus and insula. Overall, these findings suggest that the long term meditation practitioners of OM have different patterns of resting brain metabolism. Since these areas of the brain in which OM practitioners differ from controls are involved in cognition, attention, and emotional regulation, such findings have implications for understanding how this meditation practice might affect practitioners over long periods of time.

MANCAN2: A multicentre randomised controlled trial of self-help cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to manage hot flush and night sweats (HFNS) symptoms in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

LBA5004 Background: Up to 80% of patients receiving ADT suffer HFNS which impacts quality of life (QOL) and potentially ADT compliance. Mitigation options are limited. Prior research has found self-help CBT, with minimal guidance, reduced HFNS due to ADT at 6 weeks. We tested the longer term impact of self-help CBT, guided and delivered by prostate Cancer Nurse Specialist (CNS) teams. Methods: MANCAN2 is a multicentre randomised controlled trial and process evaluation within UK prostate cancer units. Eligibility: localised/advanced prostate cancer; on ADT with ≥ 6 months further planned; HFNS Problem Rating Scale ≥ 2. Patients were randomised (1:1) in groups of 6 to 8 to treatment as usual (TAU) or CBT + TAU, by permuted block, stratified by site, cohort and treatment intent. CBT was a 4-week self-help intervention (booklet and relaxation audio) with pre- and post-intervention group workshops by the prostate CNS team. Primary objective: does adding CBT to TAU reduce 6 month HFNS Problem Rating Scale versus baseline (mixed linear regression). Secondary endpoints: 6 week HFNS Problem Rating Scale, HFNS frequency, HFNS beliefs and behaviours, QOL (EORTC QLQ-C30, symptoms (rating scales for anxiety, depression, mood and sleep) by mixed logistic regression), ADT compliance (chi-squared test). A 6 month mean HFNS Problem Rating Scale difference of ≥ 1.5 points was deemed clinically relevant, and required data from 111 patients (90% power, 5% type 1 error, 6 to 8 patients per group, intra-class correlation 0.01, anticipating 26% patient loss). Results: 162 patients were randomly assigned (81/arm) and 117 returned 6 month HFNS Problem Rating Scale data. Baseline characteristics were balanced. Mean CBT delivery adherence was 85%. 6 month mean HFNS Problem Rating Scale score was not significantly different for the TAU alone versus CBT + TAU (mean 4.08 vs 4.04, 95% CI for difference: -0.89, 0.80; p=0.97), although a difference was observed at 6 weeks (mean 4.47 vs 3.79, 95% CI: -1.26, -0.09; p=0.03). At 6 weeks, CBT patients had higher weekly HFNS frequency (median 54.2 vs 59.4, 95% CI: 0.22, 10.19; p=0.04), lower depression score (median 7.19 vs 6.19, 95% CI: -1.88, -0.12; p=0.03) and lower anxiety score (median 4.25 vs 3.39, 95% CI: -1.64, -0.08; p=0.03). CBT patients had more positive beliefs about openness and humour scores at 6 months (median 4.92 vs 4.59, 95% CI: -0.63, -0.03; p=0.03). There was no significant difference for other measures of HFNS beliefs and behaviours, quality of life, anxiety, mood, sleep quality and treatment compliance. Conclusions: Adding CBT to TAU in prostate cancer patients receiving ADT improved short-term HFNS severity but was not maintained at 6 months. Future research should investigate whether initial CBT benefit could be made sustainable in this setting. Clinical trial information: 58720120.

Social Media as a Hindrance to the Writing Skills of English Learners

This article examines the impact that social media has had in the writing skills of young people. It focuses on how the rise of social media language has changed the way in which people use the English language at the time of writing. Moreover, it explores the impact of abbreviations, dialects, slang, and new terms and their effect on the way people perform their written abilities. As well as how all these features impact the communication and academic performance of youths.

Stochastic approach to a delayed in-host model of DENV transmission

Motivation. The immune response to the viral transmission experiences delays due to diverse biological factors and is affected by several factors. These include infection rate, rate of apoptosis and impact of the antibody-virus complex which exhibit unpredictable nature in a random environment. Objective. The main goal is to examine the impact of noise terms, introduced into every state variable, on a delayed in-host model of viral transmission. Methodology. To determine the intensity fluctuations and variances of all concerned state variables in the stochastic delayed model, which includes a constant delay and Gaussian white noise, the Fourier transformation method is employed. Results and Conclusions. The limiting value of the delay parameter is derived explicitly as well as numerically. The system experiences Hopf bifurcation, whenever the delay parameter crosses the limiting value which is shown graphically. The intensities and variances of different cells and virus populations are derived and the values are computed numerically. As the delay increases, the level of viremia decreases while other parameters maintain fixed values. The outcomes of data sensitivity, shown in graphical form, indicate that the transmission rate and supply rate of viruses are highly sensitive. Our findings suggest that the presence of noise causes fluctuations in the delayed model, leading to a noticeable impact on the transmission of the virus.

Long term impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mammographic breast cancer screening.

1597 Background: The impact of COVID19 pandemic on patient health beliefs and healthcare systems has adversely affected mammographic breast cancer screening (MBCS) during the initial stages of the pandemic. The aims of our study were to determine whether the initial decrease in MBCS rates persisted or if there was a rebound in later stages and to quantify the impact on urban and rural populations. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed data from March 2017 to March 2023 to assess whether eligible women received annual MBCS during this timeframe. We included women aged 40-75 years, drawn from the integrated Mayo Clinic system, encompassing nearly 60 primary care practices in Arizona, Florida, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, representing a broad cross-section of the United States (US) population. US census data was utilized to classify a county as urban or rural. We divided the study period into 4 categories:1) pre-COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2017-March 10, 2020), 2) early pandemic (March 11, 2020-March 10, 2021; pre-vaccination period), 3) mid- pandemic (March 11, 2021-March 10, 2022; delta and omicron variant dominant period), and 4) late pandemic (March 11, 2022-March 1, 2023; recovery period). Utilizing the Poisson regression model, we compared the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for rates of MBCS across the 4 predefined time periods. Multivariable modeling was performed to assess the significance of MBCS rates with urbanicity while controlling for the year (2017-2022) and age. Results: By race and ethnicity, the women in this cohort were White (92%), Black (3.1%), Asian (3%) and other (1.9%). The median age was 57 years and the cohort included 239, 804 women aged 40-75 years. MBCS rates was 49.2% in 2017, 47.1% in 2018, 46.4% in 2019, and decreased to 42.1% in 2020 and improved to 44.7% in 2021 and 43.8% in 2022. Compared with the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period, there was a significant decrease in MBCS rate in the early pandemic (IRR= 0.886, 95% CI 0.879, 0.892, p&lt;0.001). Though the MBCS rate improved in the mid-pandemic period, it remained below the pre-pandemic level (IRR=0.941, 95% CI 0.934, 0.948, p&lt;0.001). Similarly, during the late stage of the pandemic, the MBCS rate remained lower than the pre-pandemic level (IRR=0.922, 95% CI 0.915, 0.928, p&lt;0.001). Rural counties had a lower MBCS rate compared with urban counties (IRR = 0.936, 95% CI 0.931, 0.941, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: This study confirms the negative impact of the early COVID-19 pandemic on MBCS, and it revealed its persistent effect, as the current MBCS rate remains below the pre-pandemic rate. These findings were more evident in rural counties. Factors contributing to the long-lasting impact are being analyzed with the intent to develop and implement targeted solutions to improve the MBCS rate.

Fourth Person

In the context of polycrisis and systemic collapse, the primary challenge we face is a widely shared sense of collective depression—a lack of agency in regard to the bigger picture. What does it take to serve evolutionary transformation in the face of systemic collapse? In our view, it takes a form of knowing which extends beyond the current constructs of first-, second- and third-person knowing around which much of our current learning, knowledge, and leadership systems are organized. In this paper, we suggest fourth-person knowing as a distinct epistemology at the intersection of the other three, and we draw on our action research to illuminate five phenomena that point to and distinguish fourth-person knowing: (1) knowing that comes through me but is not of me; (2) knowing that shows up in my individual experience as a decentering of perception; (3) a heightened sense of potential, of possibilities that previously were experienced as unattainable now appear to be in reach; (4) sensing your own agency in helping the ‘universe’ (the larger field) to evolve; and (5) significant long term impact in terms of practical results. It is our hope that by articulating fourth person knowing we can provide an epistemic basis upon which research and inquiry methodologies can be built, complementing first-, second- and third-person forms of inquiry, methodologies based on deep sensing and presencing that support individuals and collectives to recognize, connect with and manifest what is theirs to do in the wider context of this moment and the incipient patterns of emergence and movement making.

Impact of molecular ciprofloxacin resistance testing in management of gonorrhoea in a large urban clinic

ObjectivesAntibiotic resistance in gonorrhoea is of significant public health concern with the emergence of resistance to last-line therapies such as ceftriaxone. Despite around half of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates tested in...

Effect of distal ischemic preconditioning on cardiovascular events in adult patients with hip fracture one year after operation

To investigate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in elderly patients with hip fracture 1 year after operation. Total of 314 elderly patients with hip fracture of gradeⅡand Ⅲ for American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) were treated by surgical operation from April 2015 to May 2020 including 116 males and 198 females, the age ranged from 60 to 76 years old. The subjects were divided into intervention group and control group according to whether received RIPC. Among them, 157 cases in intervention group included 56 males and 101 females with an average age of (68.12±7.13) years old and 157 cases in control group included 60 males and 97 females with an average age of (68.24±7.05) years old. Both groups were given routine anesthesia. The intervention group was treated with RIPC on the basis of routine anesthesia. The MACE events 1 year after operation in two groups were compared and analyzed. The OR values of RIPC for myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, nonfatal cardiac arrest, coronary revascularization, severe arrhythmia, peripheral artery thrombosis, readmission of cardiovascular disease, and all-cause death in patients with hip fracture one year after operation were 1.269, 1.304, 0.977, 1.089, 1.315, 1.335, 0.896, 0.774, 1.191, respectively, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). RIPC did not significantly affect and change the occurrence of major cardiovascular adverse events within 1 year after hip fracture surgery. The long term impact of RIPC on clinical cardiovascular outcomes in non cardiac surgery needs to be confirmed in appropriate randomized clinical trials.

The Functional Capacity and Quality of Life in COVID-19 Survivors of Ahmedabad City: An Observational Study

Background and need of research: The COVID-19 affected the lung, so, lots of people were not able to do work normally. Functional Capacity and Quality of Life of people may get hampered. So, a study is done to check long term impact of COVID-19 after second wave on covid survivors of Ahmedabad city. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in 25 individuals of each group (group A: history of COVID-19 in second wave, group B: healthy individual- not having history of COVID-19 in second wave) in age group between 40-65. 6-minute walk test was used to check functional capacity and WHO-BREF Questionnaire was used to assess quality of life (QOL). Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Result: Mean of 6-MWD was 480.09±57.64 and 503.45±62.68 in group A and group B respectively. Mean of WHO-BREF Questionnaire was 85.09±8.02 and 91.89±4.76 in group A and group B respectively. Mann Whitney U test was used between group A and group B, there is highly statistically significant result was found for QOL, which is (U=153.50, p=0.002) and not significant result found for 6-MWD, which is (U=243.00, p=0.177). Conclusion and clinical implication: There is no change in in functional capacity of the COVID-19 patients in comparison to normal healthy individuals but there is considerable significant difference in their quality of life.so, we need to more focus on QOL of the survivors. Keywords: functional capacity, quality of life, COVID-19, 6MWD

#2891 Comparing health-related quality of life and symptom burden in patients undergoing twice-weekly versus thrice-weekly haemodialysis

Abstract Background and Aims Patients with kidney failure who initiate haemodialysis (HD) have traditionally followed a thrice-weekly, 4-hour schedule. Recently, incremental dialysis (i.e. initiating HD with lower frequency and/or treatment duration) has been advocated. It has been suggested that residual kidney function is better preserved, while mortality is similar when initiating dialysis with a twice versus thrice weekly schedule. It remains unclear which impact initiating dialysis twice a week has on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the short and long term. Therefore, the aim of this study was first to investigate the impact of following a twice-weekly dialysis schedule on the mental and physical HRQoL and symptom burden compared to thrice-weekly dialysis during the first year of dialysis. Second, to investigate the long term impact on mental and physical HRQoL and symptom burden of patients who solely started on a twice-weekly versus thrice-weekly schedule. Method Data were obtained from the ongoing multicentre, prospective, observational Dutch nOcturnal and hoME dialysis Study To Improve Clinical Outcomes (DOMESTICO). This study longitudinally compares HRQoL between home and in-center dialysis. For this analysis, incident HD patients &amp;gt; 18 years were included, if they started on a twice-weekly or thrice-weekly schedule. Mental and physical HRQoL was measured using the validated 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF12, summary scores ranging from 0 to 100). Symptom burden was measured using the dialysis symptom index (DSI), consisting of 30 items on dialysis-related symptoms, these symptoms are reported using a 5-point Likert scale. The overall burden score, ranging from 0 to 150, was calculated by summing every symptom and its severity. The first aim was longitudinally analysed using linear mixed models, using measures at 3, 6 and 12 months after start dialysis. The second aim was cross-sectionally analysed at 1, 2 and 3 years after dialysis initiation using linear regression models. All models were adjusted for possible confounders. Results A total of 1007 patients were included, of whom 205 started on a twice-weekly schedule and 802 on a thrice-weekly schedule. The total population had a mean age of 64 ± 15 years and 35% were women. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between twice-weekly and thrice-weekly dialysis. At baseline mental and physical HRQoL for patients on twice-weekly dialysis were 45.9 ± 9.5 and 36.0 ± 10.7, respectively. In thrice-weekly dialysis this was 45.8 ± 10.3 and 35.0 ± 9.7. The symptom burden score at baseline was 33.0 ± 19.6 for twice-weekly and 34.0 ± 21.7 for thrice-weekly patients. As shown in Table 1, there were no significant differences in HRQoL or symptom burden over the first year of dialysis when comparing twice-weekly with thrice weekly HD. In Table 2 the long-term cross-sectional analyses show that starting with a twice-weekly schedule results in physical and mental HRQoL scores gradually becoming lower, with a statistically significant decrease in physical HRQoL score at 3 years after start dialysis (ß = −0.825, 95% CI −14.11; −2.38). There was no significant difference in symptom burden between the two schedules. Conclusion We found no differences in HRQoL or symptom burden during the first year of dialysis comparing incident patients on a twice-weekly versus thrice-weekly hemodialysis schedule. Conversely, starting on a twice-weekly dialysis schedule appears to be associated with a lower HRQoL, especially physical HRQoL, in the longer term. Following our results, physicians should be cautious of the possible negative effects on HRQoL when prescribing a twice-weekly dialysis schedule.

Negative Affect, Harassment and Problematic Alcohol Use in Young Adults

Background: While research suggests that both negative affect and alcohol use are impacted by exposure to harassment (i.e., sexual harassment, generalized harassment or bullying), less is known about the effect of harassment on negative affect subsequently leading to alcohol consumption, particularly in young adults. We examined the mediating role of negative affect on the relationships between sexual and generalized harassment at school and alcohol misuse. Methods: Participants were 2899 incoming freshmen in fall of 2011 who completed a Web-based survey assessing demographics (T0), sexual and generalized harassment at school (T0-T2), negative affect (T3), and problems associated with drinking, binge drinking, and drinking to intoxication (T0, T4, T5). Separate hybrid path models were fitted in Mplus v.8.8 for generalized harassment and sexual harassment and each outcome. Results: Mediation analyses showed a small but significant indirect effect for the sexual harassment model (beta = 0.05, S.E. = 0.01, p < 0.001) and generalized harassment (beta = 0.03, S.E. = 0.01, p < 0.01), indicating that negative affect partially mediated the associations between harassment early in students’ college experience and later problems associated with drinking. No significant indirect effects were found for the binge drinking or intoxication models. Conclusions: High levels of negative affect associated with harassment may contribute to longer term impact on problematic use of alcohol in young adults, providing evidence that the effects of harassment on drinking may partly stem from harassment’s lingering effects on negative affective pathways.

A longitudinal survey on the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on long-term rail commuting

The Covid-19 pandemic led to fundamental changes in working and commuting patterns for a segment of the workforce, with significant impacts on the level of patronage of public transport systems that are focused on catering to commuters. This aim of this work was to quantify this impact in the long term, using a longitudinal sample of 3826 commuters with a focus on those using rail in Great Britain. Using a panel built in 2020, commuting habits pre-pandemic were compared with those in February 2023. Survey data can now shed light on long-term behavioural adjustments. Building on previous waves, the current wave addresses topics such as commuting frequency, frequency of working from home (WFH) and individual perceptions of WFH and/or in the workplace plus long-term individual decisions such as changes in home location. The results revealed that the pandemic led to a reduction of 1.18 in the number of days commuting to work per week and an increase of 0.85 in the number of days WFH. In addition, if employers had not put restrictions on workplace attendance, the return to commuting would have been 12 percentage points lower. Nonetheless, there is evidence employees are internalising their employer's restrictions to some extent.

Holonomic swap and controlled-swap gates of neutral atoms via selective Rydberg pumping

Holonomic quantum computing offers a promising paradigm for quantum computation due to its error resistance and the ability to perform universal quantum computations. Here, we propose a scheme for the rapid implementation of a holonomic swap gate in neutral atomic systems, based on the selective Rydberg pumping mechanism. By employing time-dependent soft control, we effectively mitigate the impact of off-resonant terms even at higher driving intensities compared to time-independent driving. This approach accelerates the synthesis of logic gates and passively reduces the decoherence effects. Furthermore, by introducing an additional atom and applying the appropriate driving field, our scheme can be directly extended to implement a three-qubit controlled-swap gate. This advancement makes it a valuable tool for quantum state preparation, quantum switches, and a variational quantum algorithm in neutral atom systems.

Power System Signal-Detection Method Based on the Accelerated Unsaturated Stochastic Resonance Principle

The classical bistable stochastic resonance algorithm has an inherent output saturation defect that restricts the amplitude of the output signal. This paper examines the causes of this phenomenon and its negative impact on the detection of weak signals. Proposing the Unsaturated Bistable Stochastic Resonance (UBSR) detection algorithm involves constructing a segmented potential function using a linear function to eliminate the effect of higher-order terms in the classical stochastic resonance algorithm. A new type of segmented potential function has been created by combining exponential and linear functions. This new function helps to eliminate the impact of higher-order terms in classical algorithms while also improving the noise immunity of the stochastic resonance system. This results in the development of the accelerated stochastic resonance (ASR) detection algorithm. In this paper, the Kramers escape rate and output signal-to-noise ratio of two improved stochastic resonance algorithms are theoretically derived and compared with the classical bistable stochastic resonance algorithms, and the proposed algorithms are able to effectively avoid the output saturation phenomenon and have more excellent detection performance under strong background noise.

Adaptive command filtered control for a class of nonlinear time delay systems with extreme learning machine

AbstractIn this paper, an extreme learning machine (ELM)‐based adaptive command filtered control method is investigated for a class of strict feedback nonlinear systems with unknown external disturbances and time delay. To begin with, the original system state equation is transformed into a new form on account of coordinate transformation. Subsequently, an ELM is adopted to approximate unknown functions which exist in the whole system states, without any prior knowledges of the ideal weight vectors and approximation errors. Secondly, a command filter is developed for the system under consideration, which can avoid the probem of “explosion of complexity” caused by repeated derivation of virtual control signals in traditional backstepping control. Meanwhile, error compensation signals are designed to conquer the shortcoming of a dynamic surface control (DSC) method. The combination of ELM and command filter technique has been used to construct corresponding controllers and adaptive laws. Effective handling of the impact of time delay terms is ensured through designing a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. The proposed strategy guarantees boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system and the tracking error asymptotically converges to a compact set around the origin. In the end, two continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) are taken as example to further verify the efficiency of the put forward control method.

Post Covid Auto Immune Mediated Encephalopathy by Caspr2 Auto Antibody: The Report of Neurological Division o f “Carlo Poma Civil” Hospital of Mantua

A recent cross sectional study ( Liu, 2021 ) suggests that SARS CoV 2 infection has a potential long term impact on the cognition of patients: we have to face with post covid syndrome and with long covid syndrome, the first characterized by symptoms in regression after an year by infection, the last with persisting symptoms after an year by infection. As the COVID 19 pandemic is still raging in many countries and is expected to last for a long period, the long term cognitive sequelae may bec ome a major publi c health issue long after the pandemic has ended. Longitudinal studies to follow up patients who have recovered from COVID 19 are necessary for better understanding the long term cognitive consequences of COVID 19, particularly among those who have recovered from severe disease. But these are not the unique problems of the so called NEUROCOVID. Neuromuscular manifestations of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection are frequent, and include dizziness, headache, myopathy, severe (also axonal) Gui llain Barrè Syndrome and olfactory and gustatory disturbances. Patients with acute central nervous system disorders, such as delirium, impaired consciousness, stroke and convulsive seizures, have a high mortality rate ( Shimohata, 2022 An other severe condition is rappresented by autoimmune encefalopathies COVID related. The encephalitis/encephalopathy that causes consciousness disturbance and seizures can be classified into three conditions, including direct infection with the SARS‐CoV‐2 v irus, encephalopa thy caused by central nervous system damage secondary to systemic hypercytokinemia (cytokine storm) and autoimmune‐mediated encephalitis that occurs after infection.

Will digital trade provisions in regional trade agreements effectively reduce CO2 emissions in member states?

This paper constructs a depth index of the regional trade agreement (RTA) digital trade terms based on text data from 2000–2021 in the TAPED database and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission data from the Eora database since 2000. We construct a gravity model between the depth index of digital trade terms and carbon CO2 emissions to analyze the impact of digital trade terms in RTAs on the CO2 emissions of member countries. The results show that the depth of digital trade clauses in RTAs significantly reduces the CO2 emissions of member countries. Still, the impact of different clause depth indexes on CO2 emissions is different on the supply and consumption sides. The results of the heterogeneity analysis based on the types of trade agreements show that the depth of RTAs has the most significant impact on the CO2 emissions among members of South–North trade agreements. The analysis of results based on industry heterogeneity shows that digital trade terms significantly impact manufacturing CO2 emissions. The article proposes that more attention be paid to the negotiation of digital trade rules in RTAs, the construction of South–North trade agreements, and the impact of digital trade on the CO2 emissions of different industries.