Impact Of Sociodemographic Variables Research Articles

Longitudinal trajectories of psychosocial functioning in patients with pre-existing mental disorders after one year of COVID-19 pandemic

Aims of the present study were to prospectively assess psychosocial functioning trajectories during the COVID pandemic and the possible impact of sociodemographic variables, as well as of COVID-19 pandemic-related factors, on these trajectories, in a sample of patients with pre-existing severe mental disorders. Moreover, we aimed at identifying predictors of impairment in psychosocial functioning over a period of 9 months of COVID-19 pandemic. Patients were recruited during the 3rd wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (T0, March–April 2021) while strict containment measures were applied in Italy, and reassessed after 3 months (T1, June–July 2021), and after 6 months from T1 (T2- November–December 2021), during the 4th wave of COVID pandemic. A sample of 300 subject (out of the 527 subjects recruited at baseline) completed the T2 evaluation. Patients were assessed by: Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) for psychosocial functioning, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised, for post-traumatic symptoms. Cluster analyses identified 4 trajectories of functioning: the High, Stable Functioning group (N = 77), the Improvement Functioning group (N = 62), the Progressive Impairment group (N = 83) and the Persistent Severe Impairment group (N = 78) respectively. We found that predictors of higher WSAS score at T2 were higher WSAS score at T0 (B = 0.43, p < .001), PHQ scores at baseline >10 (B = 2.89, p < .05), while not living alone was found to be a protective factor (B = −2.5, p < .05).Results of the present study provides insights into the vulnerability of individuals with psychiatric disorders during times of crisis. Study findings can contribute to a better understanding of the specific needs of this population and inform interventions and support strategies.

Smile Attractiveness and Treatment Needs of Maxillary Midline Diastema with Various Widths: Perception among Laypersons, Dental Students, and Dentists in Malaysia.

Smile attractiveness and the need for treatment of maxillary midline diastema with various widths are perceived differently between dentally trained and nondentally trained individuals of different sociodemographic backgrounds. This study aims to evaluate how laypersons, dental students, and dentists in Malaysia differ in their perceptions on smile attractiveness and treatment needs of maxillary midline diastema. A smiling photograph with well-aligned maxillary central incisors with proportionate width-to-height ratio and healthy gingival tissues was selected and digitally manipulated to create maxillary midline diastema with 0.5, 2.0, and 4.0 mm widths. The smile attractiveness and the perceived need for treatment of varying widths of maxillary midline diastemas were rated by laypersons, dental students, and dentists using the Likert scale via a single set of self-administered questionnaires. The impact of sociodemographic variables on aesthetic perception of different gap widths was tested using univariate analysis followed by a multiple linear regression model. A total of 158 laypersons, 118 dental students, and 138 dentists participated in this study. Both laypersons and dentists showed significantly higher mean aesthetic scores for 0.5 mm maxillary midline diastema, lower mean aesthetic scores, and hence higher mean treatment needs scores for 4.0 mm maxillary midline diastema as compared with dental students (p < 0.05). In general, female respondents perceived a gap width of up to 2.0 mm as aesthetically pleasing. Higher educational group and the Malay ethnicity had tolerance threshold of 0.5 mm gap width. The older group considered 4.0 mm gap width as aesthetically unpleasing. In conclusion, both laypersons and dentists accepted a 0.5 mm maxillary midline diastema as an attractive smile but considered 4.0 mm maxillary midline diastema as unpleasing smile which required treatment. Perceptions of laypersons and dentists were significantly different from dental students. Educational level, gender, ethnicity, and age were significantly associated with smile attractiveness of maxillary midline diastema at different investigated widths.

Türkiye’de Ev Dışı Gıda Harcamalarının Kohort Analizi

In this study, the expenditures of food away from home of households are examined using the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey, which was conducted by the Turkish Institute of Statistics from 2002 to 2018. We adopt the Dependent Double Hurdle model with the incorporation of age, period, and cohort effects and the impact of socio-demographic variables. Analysis results reveal that the cohort and age effects are significant in both participation and consumption on food expenditure away from home of household. The findings suggest that the expenditure of food away from home for younger cohorts rises faster for older cohorts. The elasticity of food expenditures for cohorts and age groups is increasing from the youngest cohort and from the youngest age group to the oldest cohort which is the largest age group. The results show that participation and consumption decisions are significantly affected by income and demographic characteristics in Turkey.

Normative data for the Color Trails Test in middle-aged and elderly Quebec-French people

Objective Despite the widespread use of the Color Trails Test (CTT) in clinical and research settings, information regarding the impact of sociodemographic variables on test performance in Quebec-French adults and elderly people is non-existent. This study aimed to establish French-Quebec normative data for error scores and completion time on all test trials (CTT1 and CTT2) taking into account the impact of age, education, and sex on test performance. Method The sample consisted of 169 community-dwelling and healthy Quebec-French individuals aged between 50 and 90 years and having between 6 and 21 years of formal education. Results Regression analyses indicated that age was associated with completion time on CTT1 and CTT2. Spearman correlations also revealed that age was positively associated with error scores (CTT1 errors, CTT2 number errors, CTT2 near-misses) and index interference. Education was marginally associated with CTT1 but was not associated with CTT2 completion time or interference index. Education was only associated with the number of errors in the CTT2. Finally, sex was not associated with any variables. Equations to calculate Z scores and percentiles are presented. Conclusions Norms for the CTT will ease the interpretation of executive functioning in Quebec-French adults and the elderly and favor accurate discrimination between normal and pathological cognitive states.

Impact of COVID-19 on health risk behaviors in northern California: A cross-sectional survey

The COVID-19 pandemic has been disruptive, unevenly impacting health behaviors in different geographical regions and population groups. We examined how COVID-19 affected perceived changes in physical activity, sleep, and diet and the impact of socio-demographic variables on a calculated health risk behavior score. In this cross-sectional study, 505 residents of northern California completed a web-based survey from August to November of 2020. Chi-square and multivariable linear regression analyses examined the association between socio-demographic variables and the health risk behavior score. Approximately 84 % of respondents experienced at least one unfavorable behavior change after the pandemic, with 49.5 % indicating a reduction in physical activity, 29.7 % a decrease in sleep, 33.1 % an increase in sugary snack consumption, and 29.3 % a decrease in fruit and vegetable intake. Multivariate analyses indicated a higher health risk behavior score (less favorable) for females compared to males (male beta = -0.815, p < 0.0001) and Hispanics compared to Whites (Hispanics beta = 0.396, p = 0.033). The negative changes in health behavior observed in females could be attributed to a higher reduction in fruit and vegetable consumption, and a larger increase in sugary and salty snacks when compared to males. A higher reduction in exercise, sleep, and fruit and vegetable intake were the main drivers of the unfavorable results seen for Hispanics when compared to Whites. Findings highlight the detrimental behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the disproportionate impact on Hispanics and women. These results are valuable to policymakers to identify ways to support those most affected by the pandemic and its potential long-term effects.

PERCEPTIONS OF WEDDING TRENDS AND RITUALS: A GENDER BASED COMPARATIVE STUDY

World widely, Weddings have been setting trends of overspending and societal pressure. The present study explored gender perception regarding wedding trends and rituals that have been practicing due to lavish and simple weddings in Lahore. The impact of socio-demographic variables e.g. educational level, income level, and age differences were analyzed with respect to wedding trends and rituals. Quantitative research design based on self-developed questionnaire was used to collect data (N=300) from different private and public institutes, through purposive sampling technique from different areas of Lahore. For descriptive and inferential statistics, the data was analyzed through SPSS version 25. Independent sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA was applied; the results indicated that there was a significant gender differences and socio-demographic variables also found statistically significant differences with respect to trends and rituals. The study identified preferences and reasons of simple and lavish weddings through gender perspectives. Keywords: trends, rituals, socio-demographics, gender perception.

The impact of Socio-Demographic variables on the Retirement Environment

Objective - Demands for Urban Retirement Environments have attracted much attention in the industry for senior citizens. This study aimed to examine the socio-demographic profile and antecedent factors influencing adults' decisions and preparedness toward retirement environment facilities in two urban settings. Methodology/Technique – This study uses a quantitative cross-sectional approach using the descriptive-normative survey method with a modified self-administered questionnaire. Data was collected in Greater Kuala Lumpur and Kota Kinabalu. Mail survey respondents returned 369 usable questionnaires yielding a 14.5% response rate. Hypotheses were analyzed using the structural model. Finding – The study found that the urban population was receptive to retirement preparation with financial Planning and health insurance commitments. The majority, 72%, engaged with exercise and 80% with lifelong learning activities and profited from a better health status. In addition, 69% to 72% were more well-prepared to welcome home care and daycare service packages. However, it was a natural preference to accept lower fees up to RM300, even though most hold health insurance plans, and the higher-income respondents with more than RM75,000 annual income showed a willingness to pay between RM1000 to RM5000 for institutional care services. Novelty – This study has examined significant relationships between the level of retirement preparedness, namely the three elements, financial Planning, health insurance, and lifelong Learning, with their socio-demographic profile. It also provides the gaps and potential greenfield versus brownfield areas for investment. The aged care providers and insurance companies have a potential niche market in developing and collaborating using the above elements in developing retirement insurance and investment package strategies. Together they can generate more options to build sustainable retirement environment business agenda. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: I11, I12, I13, Keywords: Retirement, Financial Planning, Health Insurance, Lifelong Learning, Technology Advancement Reference to this paper should be referred to as follows: Fung, C.S; Jaafar, S; Ismail, R.M; Rahim, A.S.A. (2022). The impact of Socio-Demographic variables on the Retirement Environment, GATR-Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 10(3), 190–219. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2022.10.3(8)

The Level of Fear in the Polish Police Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic with the Impact of Sociodemographic Variables.

This study has a twofold objective. First, we aim to measure the levels of fear among Polish police officers using the COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S) that has a stable unidimensional structure allowing for the provision of additional data by combining variables. This structure allows the second objective to be met to measure the correlation with sociodemographic variables. The utilitarian objective of the study is to provide information for updating support policies for stress management in the service. The questionnaire was completed by 1862 people with a mean age of 38.75 years with a good Cronbach’s alpha (0.89). The perceived level of fear associated with COVID-19 should be considered relatively low. Caring for the elderly does not affect the level of fear. The factors of gender, age and having children statistically significantly differentiate the perceptions of fear. Therefore, there is a necessity to focus on building support for police officers who are over 50 years old, as well as for women, where higher levels of fear in both men and women can translate into the development of psychosomatic illnesses.

Connaissances actuelles des causes du burnout, importance et relations des différentes variables mises en jeu : une revue critique de la littérature

ObjectivesBurnout is a new phenomenon that has been the subject of considerable research in recent years, however, the multitude of its causes make it a complex object of study. This review aims to identify the most studied cases of burnout and the role of their interrelations in the development of burnout. This inventory will suggest new avenues of research and constitute a tool for professionals to use for the implementation of innovative and ambitious policies to enhance the quality of life in the workplace. The 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases has updated the definition of burnout by taking up Maslach's work, which defines burnout as emotional exhaustion, cynicism and a decline in work-related personal achievement. However, this definition is far from being a consensus and such studies are problematic due to the complexity created by the large number of causes of burnout. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present an overview of the different causes of burnout in order to determine: (a) what are the most and least studied causes of burnout (b) what links exist between these causes and how they can explain the occurrence of burnout, (c) what is the impact of sociodemographic variables in the occurrence of burnout. Materials and methodsFor this purpose, a systematic review of the literature was carried out. The bibliography review has been ongoing since 2014 using data from PsycInfo. The selection criteria for the articles were as follows: The article had to deal with the causes of burnout at work (work demands, work resources, personal resources, personal demands, personality, socio-demographic characteristics). We excluded studies dealing with the physical, social and psychological consequences of burnout, the impact of burnout on the quality of work, other types of burnout (school burnout, associative burnout, in athletes), methods to reduce burnout, and the distinction or comparison between burnout and depression. A total of 119 articles were selected according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. ResultsThe results show that work demands are the most studied in the literature and demographic characteristics the least studied. While a few variables have been studied many times and show consistent links with burnout, not all of them have been studied. All the demands studied except emotional and mental demands show a positive relationship with burnout and all the resources demonstrate a negative relationship with the exception of social support. For these variables, the work context influences their effect on burnout. Social support can thus lead to the propagation of negative or positive emotions according to the context. Moreover, the study of the interrelationships between the variables shows that the effect of an antecedent on burnout is often dependent on a more global work and individual context. For example, for family-work conflicts, the temporal load increases the effect of the family-work conflict on burnout, while the feeling of personal effectiveness decreases it. ConclusionThe study of mediation and moderation processes can help to understand these sometimes inconsistent links. Therefore, understanding the effect of one variable on burnout without considering the overall work context is particularly complex. The plurality and interaction of the burnout antecedents mean that the impact of some variables on burnout is unstable. However, it also allows for a multitude of possibilities for the prevention of burnout. Further analysis of these processes and of sociodemographic characteristics is still essential in order to have a better understanding of the burnout phenomenon.

The Impact of Sociodemographic Variables on Risk Factors Associated with Ischaemic Stroke Patients by Age Group

This study aims to identify the relevant risk factors based on different sociodemographic backgrounds among ischaemic stroke patients in relation to age. We included all adult ischaemic stroke patients from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2019 who presented to Hospital Seberang Jaya. The study utilized data that were collected from medical records and were presented with descriptive and inferential statistics.

Socio-demographic Risk Factors in Depression among the Clergy in Nigeria

Background: Depression poses a huge challenge on personal, professional, and social life of individuals. Studies on the prevalence of depression have largely been on the general population, using socio-demographic variables to explain it’s outcome. The clergy constitutes a special group of trained professionals on the vocation of care-giving, problem solving and spiritual healing. Information is scanty on the prevalence of depression among them and the contribution of socio-demographic risk factors on their mental health.&#x0D; Objectives: This study seeks to determine the prevalence of depression among the clergy and impact of socio-demographic variables on their mental health.&#x0D; Methods: 84 pastors of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church in southern Nigeria, were evaluated for depression using the 9-item patients health questionnaire (PHQ-9), which assesses vulnerability to depression, and a 27 item demographic and risk factor questionnaire which assessed the demographic variables. Using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS-25.0), cross tabulation of variables of interest were obtained using x2 and t-test. Level of correlation of variables with depression was done by a bivariate correlation analysis.&#x0D; Results: Out of the 84 pastors who consented to the study, 16 (19%) had depression, mean age of participants was 43.6yr, 72 (85.7%) were currently married, all the participants were educated, the mean year of service was 10 years and 45% had at least 3 children. There was no significant correlation between the socio-demographic variables and depression.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study revealed a 19% prevalence rate for depression among the clergy and that the socio-demographic variables of age, marital status, level of education, number of children and year of service impacted positively on the mental health of the clergy.

Which factors influence large households’ decision to join a time-of-use program? The interplay between demand flexibility, personal benefits and national benefits

The residential sector's electricity consumption during peak hours is significant. Reducing it would be valuable in economic and environmental terms, particularly for isolated grids and ‘electricity islands'. While time-of-use (TOU) programs could help moderate this demand, in many countries such programs are voluntary, with low enrollment rates. An experimental survey design was used to test the impact of four framings of a residential TOU program on the stated willingness of 452 large Israeli households (four or more people) to enroll in a TOU program. Two of the framings emphasized the economic benefits of the program, and offered 25% and 50% off-peak discount rates. The other two framings highlighted environmental benefits and national energy independence (in addition to the discount). The impact of socio-demographic variables, demand flexibility, convenience, environmental awareness and interest in automation were also evaluated. While no framing effect was found, a hierarchical regression model (R2 = 66%) revealed that the strongest predictor of interest in enrollment is the perception that the TOU program will contribute to the environment and to the county's energy independence, followed by the potential economic benefits to the household and flexibility of demand. None of the socio-demographic variables was a predictor. The results suggest that highlighting national benefits might be more effective than highlighting household benefits in fostering enrollment in TOU programs.

Estimating Heating-Related GHG Emissions: The Advantage of a Household Composition-Based Survey Approach

Most studies that focus on heating-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions do so with either a focus on technical aspects or a focus on heating-related attitudes and behavior. Either way, they assign little attention to the influence of sociodemographic factors. However, if an integrated understanding of the sociological factors behind heating-related GHG emissions is to be developed, the interrelationship of sociologically relevant predictors, emission-relevant technological parameters, and impact indicators must be assessed. In this study, we analyzed the impact of sociodemographic variables and of the intention to use energy sustainably on technological dwelling characteristics and heating-related GHG emissions by applying linear and logistic regression models on data of 604 Austrian households. Our analyses show that not only the household size but also the composition (the specific numbers of adults and children living together) affect the emissions. We found not only that sociodemographic variables explain a considerable proportion of the variance in the available living space but also that there are relationships among occupants’ sociodemographic data, their intentions, and technical characteristics of the dwellings in which they live.

Impact of socio-demographic variables on antenatal services in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

We investigated the impact of socio-demographic variables on antenatal care (ANC) utilization and the low birth weight of a child. Data were collected from 300 pregnant females. Only 22.5% of females received full antenatal care (≥4 visits). Our results showed that female’s age at marriage and education plays a significant role in improving ANC. We observed an overall decrease in the utilization of services provided during each antenatal visit. ANC visits from the first trimester decrease the risk of having a baby with low birth weight. Awareness programs and educating families about pregnancy care are recommended to improve ANC utilization.

Impact of socio-demographic variables and morbid conditions on general health component of perceived health using SF-36 form

Background: Perceived health (PH) is a subjective assessment of the health and it is a strong, independent and reliable predictor of morbidity, mortality. It includes so many aspects that are difficult to capture clinically such as incipient disease, physiological, psychological reserves. We assessed the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), co-morbidity and other associated factors on the general health (GH) dimension of the PH of the patients attending the outpatient department (OPD), Inpatient department (IPD), rural health training centre (RHTC) and urban health training centre (UHTC) of Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences (SRMS, IMS), Bareilly.Methods: PH status of the patients was assessed by the GH dimension of the physical component summary of PH using the 36-Items short form health survey (SF-36).Results: The impact of morbidity deteriorate the GH score but hypertensive patients scored poor results as compared to those with DM and comorbid patients (p&gt;0.05). Age was inversely related with GH scores but male gender, higher education (p&lt;0.05) and good occupation were all associated with higher GH score. There was not much influence of geographical area on the GH scores but urban score slightly better and the association was insignificant (p&gt;0.05).Conclusions: Male young patients from urban area, educated and good job performed better score for GH and association was significant for education and occupation. The presence of morbidity and co-morbid condition deteriorate the GH of the patients. The impact of various socio-demographic factors on the PH status was also evident in the study.

Sociodemographic Factors Affecting the Disease Acceptance and the Quality of Life in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Preliminary Study.

Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly affects functioning of patients, thereby lowering their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sociodemographic variables on illness acceptance and quality of life in patients with idiopathic PD. This is a cross-sectional research study. The study was conducted with 50 patients with PD. The diagnostic survey method was applied for the purposes of this study with the use of the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, the Acceptance of Illness Scale, and a study-specific demographic questionnaire that included questions about sociodemographic data. Multivariable logistic regression was derived to define independent predictors of quality of life. Men assessed quality of life in the bodily discomfort domain as significantly worse than women (p = .0214). Age negatively and significantly affected the assessment of quality of life in particular domains. Professionally active respondents significantly more often accepted their disease than others (p = .0070). Being professionally active, living in urban areas, and having higher education and higher financial status increase subjective assessment of quality of life in patients with PD. Knowing the impact of sociodemographic variables on quality of life allows rehabilitation nurses to plan nursing and rehabilitation activities more effectively and in line with the capacity of a patient and caregivers.

An Empirical Study of Consumer Empowerment for Chinese Elderly Consumers

This study examines the consumer empowerment index for Chinese elderly consumers, the impact of socio-demographic variables, exposure to mass media, and communication about consumption on consumer empowerment. The consumer empowerment index is composed of three factors: consumer knowledge, consumer attitude, and consumer skill. Data were collected from 301 Chinese elderly consumers aged 60 to 80 years old via a professional online survey firm. The findings of the analysis were described using frequency, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The results are as follows. First, the average of consumer knowledge was 35.69 points out of 100, consumer skill was 65.71 points, and consumer attitude was 68.87 points. Second, socio-demographic variables indicated that education level, previous occupation, type of residence and communication about consumption impact consumer empowerment. Elderly consumers with higher education had higher consumer attitudes and better overall consumer empowerment than those with lower education. Consumers who were self-employed workers had higher consumer skills than those of technical or service workers. Elderly consumers who live alone had higher consumer skills than those who live in a nursing home. Third, according to communication about consumption, family communication is positively associated with consumer attitudes, skills and overall empowerment, while friend communication is positively associated with consumer attitudes and overall empowerment. The findings of this study are useful in developing guidelines that help the government make consumer education systems for the elderly who want to improve consumer empowerment levels evenly among these factors.

Association between Work Related Stress and Health Related Quality of Life: The Impact of Socio-Demographic Variables. A Cross Sectional Study in a Region of Central Italy.

The aim of this work is investigate relationship between health-related quality of life and work-related stress and the impact of gender, education level, and age on this relationship. A cross-sectional study was conducted among workers of various setting in Rome and Frosinone. Work-related stress was measured with a demand–control questionnaire and health-related functioning by SF (short form)-12 health survey. There were 611 participants. Men reported high mental composite summary (MCS) and physical composite summary (PCS). In multivariate analysis age, gender (p < 0.001) and job demand (0.045) predicted low PCS. Low MCS predicted poor PCS. Job demand and educational level resulted negatively associated with MCS. In an analysis stratified for age, gender, and educational level, gender and age resulted effect modifier for MCS, gender and education level for PCS. In women increase of decision latitude predict (p = 0.001) an increase in MCS; a low job demand predict high MCS in male (p ≤ 0.001). In younger workers, a lower level of job demand predicted high MCS (<0.001). For PCS, gender and education level resulted effect modifier. In women, high decision latitude predicted higher PCS (p = 0.001) and lower level of job demand results in higher PCS (p ≤ 0.001). Higher educational level resulted predictor of low PCS. Management of risk about work-related stress should consider socio-demographic factors.

Better safe than sorry - Emergency knowledge and preparedness in the German population

Emergency situations require immediate reaction in order to mitigate their negative effects. Being prepared for an emergency entails having preparedness measures present. The present study investigated the impact of socio-demographic and emergency factors (i.e., experience, risk perception, perceived and objective emergency knowledge) on fire and medical emergency related preparedness. A telephone survey was conducted in a representative German sample (N = 2225). Results revealed that both objective and perceived knowledge increased the likelihood not only for adopting preparedness measures but also for their consideration. The impact of socio-demographic variables on preparedness varied among the respective preparedness items with a greater impact of collective factors (e.g. people in the household, children, marital status) as compared to individual factors like age and gender. The need for safety trainings and their repetition is discussed.

Vliv vybraných proměnných na environmentální gramotnost žáků 2. stupně základní školy

The contribution is devoted to investigating the impact of sociodemographic variables of the area on the cognitive and affective aspect of environmental literacy among 12-15 years old students in Žatec, Square 28 October 1019, district of Louny. The author tested two research instruments: MSELS and two-dimensional scales of 2-MEV on the research sample consisting from 87 respondents from 6 to 9th grades of these school. The study presents the results regarding the influence of gender, domicile, age of the respondents and their leisure time activities on the measured figures of environmental knowledge and proenvironmental attitudes. The relation between the knowledge and the attitudes was identified not too tight in contrast to medium-strong positive correlation between the two factors of 2- MEV scales. In the case of sex and place of residence (village/city) no significant effect was proved, either in one of the aspects. The identical conclusions were confirmed concerning the age of respondents, and leisure time activities in relation to their knowledge. However, talking about attitudes there was a significant effect of both determinants. Leisure time outdoor and sports activities in the nature manifested the most positive influence on the affective component. Even if these results are not representative, the new research questions for wider survey are offered in the conclusions.