Impact Of Food Intake Research Articles

Correlation analysis of heart rate variations and glucose fluctuations during sleep

ObjectiveThe body's glucose concentration is influenced by carbohydrate intake, insulin-induced carbohydrate reduction, and hepatic glycogen breakdown induced by stress hormones. This study investigated the potential of employing glucose fluctuations as a measure of stress by examining the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) data and glucose levels during sleep in healthy subjects. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a chest-worn electrocardiogram (ECG) and continuous glucose monitoring device (CGM) were respectively used to monitor the heart rate intervals and glucose fluctuations of five subjects (two males, three females) during sleep. A time-series correlation analysis was performed on the HRV data extracted from heart rate intervals and the corresponding glucose fluctuation data. ResultsThe time-series analysis of ECG and CGM data collected from subjects during sleep (n = 25 nights) revealed a moderate negative correlation between glucose levels and HRV, with a cross-correlation coefficient of r = −0.453. ConclusionSimilar to HRV, changes in stress levels can be detected by observing glucose fluctuations, particularly during sleep when the impact of food intake can be eliminated. Our findings highlight a significant correlation between glucose levels and HRV, indicating that glucose fluctuations can be used as an indicator of autonomic nervous system activity in an exploratory study.

FRI004 Sex Differences In Oxytocin And Arginine-Vasopressin Levels Around A Standardized Meal In Adults With Obesity

Abstract Disclosure: M. Wronski: None. J.T. Sanislow: None. K. Holman: None. J. Gydus: None. M. Muhammed: None. S. Smith: None. E. Asanza: None. E.R. Golden: None. N. Hadaway: None. S. Ehrlich: None. A. Aulinas Maso: None. L. Kerem: None. J.M. Davis: None. H.P. Nazarloo: None. S. Carter: None. F. Plessow: None. E.A. Lawson: None. Objective: Oxytocin (OXT) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) are neurohormones involved in metabolism that are regulated by gonadal steroid levels. OXT tends to be higher in healthy-weight females than males; levels decrease following a meal with an associated reduction in appetite. In contrast, AVP tends to be lower in healthy-weight females than males; post-prandial AVP response has not been examined. OXT and AVP levels in response to feeding and the impact of sex are important to study in individuals with obesity to improve our understanding of disease pathophysiology and advance treatment. We investigated peripheral OXT and AVP levels in female and male adults with obesity fasting and at three post-prandial time points (TP). Methods: The diverse study sample of 56 non-diabetic adults with obesity (35.71% non-White, 19.64% Hispanic) included 30 premenopausal females and 26 males (age: mean ± SEM = 33.73 ± 0.83 years, range = 18.60 - 45.71 years; BMI: 36.77 ± 0.66 kg/m2, 30.20 - 50.60 kg/m2). We tested sex differences in age and BMI using two-samples t-tests. Plasma samples were collected fasting and 30, 60, and 120 minutes (TP) after a standardized ∼500 kcal meal to measure OXT and AVP levels (using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays). OXT and AVP levels deviating >3*SD from the hormone-, sex-, and TP-specific mean were excluded prior to log-transformation to approximate normality. Sex differences and meal-related dynamics in OXT and AVP levels were examined using two random-intercept linear mixed effects models with predictors sex, TP, and sex-x-TP interaction, covarying for BMI (false discovery rate across both models). Results: Age and BMI did not differ between sexes (ps ≥ 0.354). Across TPs, female sex significantly predicted lower OXT (F(1,53) = 4.90, FDR-q = 0.031, partial eta squared = 0.08, adjusted mean ± SEM females = 273.95 ± 1.12 pg/mL versus males = 397.61 ± 1.13 pg/mL) and lower AVP (F(1,52) = 5.04, FDR-q = 0.031, partial eta squared = 0.09, adjusted mean ± SEM females = 79.77 ± 1.21 pg/mL versus males = 149.39 ± 1.22 pg/mL). TP and sex-x-TP interaction effects were nonsignificant. Conclusion: In this first study to investigate sex differences and meal-dependent changes in OXT and AVP levels in adults with obesity, we found that levels of both neurohormones were lower in females than males. In contrast to our previous finding of a post-prandial decrease in OXT, associated with change in appetite in healthy-weight females, there was no impact of food intake on OXT or AVP levels in adults with obesity. Our data indicate that in obesity, OXT and AVP levels are sexually dimorphic and postprandial dynamics may be dysregulated. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Oral Tetracycline-Class Drugs in Dermatology: Impact of Food Intake on Absorption and Efficacy.

Tetracycline-class drugs are frequently used in dermatology for their anti-inflammatory properties to treat skin diseases such as acne, rosacea, and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) clinical guidelines do not offer guidance regarding the co-administration of food with tetracycline-class drugs. The objectives of this study were to review the available evidence regarding whether taking tetracycline-class drugs with food decreases systemic absorption and is associated with an impact on clinical efficacy. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database between February to May 2023 using the keywords "tetracycline-class drugs", "pharmacokinetics", "absorption", and "dermatology". Inclusion criteria included articles written in English and relevant to the absorption and efficacy of tetracycline-class drugs. This search yielded 131 articles written between 1977 to 2022, of which 29 met the criteria for review. United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved prescribing information for oral formulations of tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and sarecycline were reviewed. Systemic absorption of tetracycline decreased when co-administered with food. Systemic absorption of oral doxycycline and minocycline was variable with food co-administration. The impact on bioavailability varied with the drug formulation and dosage. The absorption of oral sarecycline decreased when administered with food. Sarecycline is the only oral antibiotic where population pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated limited or no impact of food intake on clinical efficacy. There are no available data for other tetracycline-class drugs in dermatology. If patients find it more tolerable to take doxycycline, minocycline, and sarecycline with food to avoid gastrointestinal distress, this may merit consideration to encourage patient adherence. Since the impact of food intake on absorption varied with the dosage form of doxycycline and minocycline, consulting the appropriate package insert may give clinicians additional insight into differences in the various formulations.

1: Impact of food intake on the efficacy of Teduglutide treatment in adult patients with short bowel syndrome

1: Impact of food intake on the efficacy of Teduglutide treatment in adult patients with short bowel syndrome

Impact Of Food Intake On The Efficacy Of Teduglutide Treatment In Adult Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome

Impact Of Food Intake On The Efficacy Of Teduglutide Treatment In Adult Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of tacrolimus for food-drug and CYP3A drug-drug-gene interaction predictions.

The immunosuppressant and narrow therapeutic index drug tacrolimus is metabolized mainly via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and CYP3A5. For its pharmacokinetics (PK), high inter- and intra-individual variability can be observed. Underlying causes include the effect of food intake on tacrolimus absorption as well as genetic polymorphism in the CYP3A5 gene. Furthermore, tacrolimus is highly susceptible to drug-drug interactions, acting as a victim drug when coadministered with CYP3A perpetrators. This work describes the development of a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for tacrolimus as well as its application for investigation and prediction of (i) the impact of food intake on tacrolimus PK (food-drug interactions [FDIs]) and (ii) drug-drug(-gene) interactions (DD[G]Is) involving the CYP3A perpetrator drugs voriconazole, itraconazole, and rifampicin. The model was built in PK-Sim® Version 10 using a total of 37 whole blood concentration-time profiles of tacrolimus (training and test) compiled from 911 healthy individuals covering the administration of tacrolimus as intravenous infusions as well as immediate-release and extended-release capsules. Metabolism was incorporated via CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, with varying activities implemented for different CYP3A5 genotypes and study populations. The good predictive model performance is demonstrated for the examined food effect studies with 6/6 predicted FDI area under the curve determined between first and last concentration measurements (AUClast ) and 6/6 predicted FDI maximum whole blood concentration (Cmax ) ratios within twofold of the respective observed ratios. In addition, 7/7 predicted DD(G)I AUClast and 6/7 predicted DD(G)I Cmax ratios were within twofold of their observed values. Potential applications of the final model include model-informed drug discovery and development or the support of model-informed precision dosing.

Peran Vitamin D terhadap Pertumbuhan Tulang pada Balita

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and contains a steroidal molecular structure that is needed for various metabolic processes in the body. There are two sources of vitamin D, namely through manufacture in the skin and the impact of food intake. Vitamin D is divided into 2 forms, namely vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), vitamin D is also actively involved in bone formation, resorption, mineralization, and maintenance of neuromuscular function. Vitamin D deficiency has been widely known to affect linear growth from infants, toddlers to adults. The design of this research is the literature of research articles collected by means of computer searches through google schoolar and repository. Screening can be monitored so that bone growth in toddlers can be optimized properly and correctly.

Impact of gastrointestinal differences in veterinary species on the oral drug solubility, in vivo dissolution, and formulation of veterinary therapeutics

Many gaps exist in our understanding of species differences in gastrointestinal (GI) fluid composition and the associated impact of food intake and dietary composition on in vivo drug solubilization. This information gap can lead to uncertainties with regard to how best to formulate pharmaceuticals for veterinary use or the in vitro test conditions that will be most predictive of species-specific in vivo oral product performance. To address these challenges, this overview explores species-specific factors that can influence oral drug solubility and the formulation approaches that can be employed to overcome solubility-associated bioavailability difficulties. These discussions are framed around some of the basic principles associated with drug solubilization, reported species differences in GI fluid composition, types of oral dosage forms typically given for the various animal species, and the effect of prandial state in dogs and cats. This basic information is integrated into a question-and-answer section that addresses some of the formulation issues that can arise in the development of veterinary medicinals.

Food-dependent and food-exacerbated symptomatic dermographism: New variants of symptomatic dermographism

Symptomatic dermographism (SD) is the most common form of chronic inducible urticaria. The criterion standard for diagnosing SD and disease activity assessment in SD is provocation testing. As of now, if and what cofactors have an impact on provocation test results is unknown. We sought to determine whether the induction of signs and symptoms of SD is affected by the intake of food. We performed standardized skin provocation testing with a dermographometer (FricTest) before and after the intake of food. Patients were off antihistamine treatment for at least 3 days before testing. In total, 17 patients were tested after not having eaten for at least 4 hours (preprandial) on one volar forearm and 60 minutes after a carbohydrate-rich meal (postprandial) on the other. FricTest responses (wheals, itch) at trigger thresholds were assessed at 5 and 30 seconds as well as at 1, 2, 5, and 10 minutes. We identified 7 patients with SD who showed faster onset of FricTest-induced whealing and/or lower trigger thresholds after the intake of food, that is, food-exacerbated SD. In 5 other patients, FricTest provocation testing resulted in a positive response only after the intake of food, but not before. Three of these 5 patients with food-dependent SD had comorbid chronic spontaneous urticaria and 1 had cholinergic urticaria. We describe 2 previously unknown subtypes of SD, food-exacerbated SD and food-dependent SD. The prevalence and underlying pathomechanisms of food-exacerbated SD and food-dependent SD need to be investigated, and the impact of food intake on other forms of chronic inducible urticaria should be explored.

Impact of Food Intake on Liver Stiffness Determined by 2-D Shear Wave Elastography: Prospective Interventional Study in 100 Healthy Patients

The aim was to evaluate the influence of food intake on liver stiffness measurement (LSM), performed with 2-D shear wave elastography (Logiq E9, GE Medical Systems, Wauwatosa, WI, USA). One hundred healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled. Mean age was 25.8 (19–55) y, and mean body mass index was 22.43 (17.3–30.8) kg/m². Patients fasted for at least 3 h and subsequently ingested a liquid meal of 800 kcal. Liver stiffness and portal vein velocity were measured before and after food intake. Food intake resulted in significantly higher LSM values compared with baseline LSM (5.74 ± 0.94 kPa vs. 4.80 ± 0.94 kPa, p < 0.001). On multiple linear regression analysis, body mass index was significantly positively correlated with the LSM increase after food intake (p = 0.01). No correlation between the increase in LSM and the increase in post-prandial portal vein velocity was observed (r = 0.09). In summary, food intake has a significant influence on LSM. There is an 11% risk of misclassifying non-fasting, healthy patients as having significant fibrosis.

The impact of food intake on the luminal environment and performance of oral drug products with a view to invitro and in silico simulations: a PEARRL review.

Using the type of meal and dosing conditions suggested by regulatory agencies as a basis, this review has two specific objectives: first, to summarize our understanding on the impact of food intake on luminal environment and drug product performance and second, to summarize the usefulness and limitations of available invitro and in silico methodologies for the evaluation of drug product performance after food intake. Characterization of the luminal environment and studies evaluating product performance in the lumen, under conditions suggested by regulatory agencies for simulating the fed state, are limited. Various invitro methodologies have been proposed for evaluating drug product performance in the fed state, but systematic validation is lacking. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling approaches require the use of invitro biorelevant data and, to date, have been used primarily for investigating the mechanisms via which an already observed food effect is mediated. Better understanding of the impact of changes induced by the meal administration conditions suggested by regulatory agencies on the luminal fate of the drug product is needed. Relevant information will be useful for optimizing the invitro test methods and increasing the usefulness of PBPK modelling methodologies.

Nutritional risk screening protocol (NRSP); clinical results and the impact of food intake on patients’ outcome

Rationale: Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) is highly prevalent in patients at hospital admission, usually gets worse as length of stay (LOS) increases and impacting negatively in patient's clinical outcome. The aim of this study is to analyze if NRSP implementation has a statistically significant effect on patients’ clinical outcome and if food intake is related.

A mechanism-based pharmacokinetic model of fenofibrate for explaining increased drug absorption after food consumption

BackgroundOral administration of drugs is convenient and shows good compliance but it can be affected by many factors in the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Consumption of food is one of the major factors affecting the GI system and consequently the absorption of drugs. The aim of this study was to develop a mechanistic GI absorption model for explaining the effect of food on fenofibrate pharmacokinetics (PK), focusing on the food type and calorie content.MethodsClinical data from a fenofibrate PK study involving three different conditions (fasting, standard meals and high-fat meals) were used. The model was developed by nonlinear mixed effect modeling method. Both linear and nonlinear effects were evaluated to explain the impact of food intake on drug absorption. Similarly, to explain changes in gastric emptying time for the drug due to food effects was evaluated.ResultsThe gastric emptying rate increased by 61.7% during the first 6.94 h after food consumption. Increased calories in the duodenum increased the absorption rate constant of the drug in fed conditions (standard meal = 16.5%, high-fat meal = 21.8%) compared with fasted condition. The final model displayed good prediction power and precision.ConclusionsA mechanistic GI absorption model for quantitatively evaluating the effects of food on fenofibrate absorption was successfully developed, and acceptable parameters were obtained. The mechanism-based PK model of fenofibrate can quantify the effects of food on drug absorption by food type and calorie content.

Impact of food intake on in vivo VOC concentrations in exhaled breath assessed in a caprine animal model

Physiological processes within the body may change emitted volatile organic compound (VOC) composition, and may therefore cause confounding biological background variability in breath gas analyses. To evaluate the effect of food intake on VOC concentration patterns in exhaled breath, this study assessed the variability of VOC concentrations due to food intake in a standardized caprine animal model. VOCs in (i) alveolar breath gas samples of nine clinically healthy goats and (ii) room air samples were collected and pre-concentrated before morning feeding and repeatedly after (+60 min, +150 min, +240 min) using needle trap microextraction (NTME). Analysis of VOCs was performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Only VOCs with significantly higher concentrations in breath gas samples compared to room air samples were taken into consideration. Six VOCs that belonged to the chemical classes of hydrocarbons and alcohols were identified presenting significantly different concentrations before and after feeding. Selected hydrocarbons showed a concentration pattern that was characterized by an initial increase 60 min after food intake, and a subsequent gradual decrease. Results emphasize consideration of physiological effects on exhaled VOC concentrations due to food intake with respect to standardized protocols of sample collection and critical evaluation of results.

The impact of food intake and social habits on embryo quality and the likelihood of blastocyst formation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of patients' lifestyle factors and eating habits on embryo development. A total of 2659 embryos recovered from 269 patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles were included. The frequency of intake of food items and social habits were registered and its influences on embryo development evaluated. The consumption of cereals, vegetables and fruits positively influenced the embryo quality at the cleavage stage. The quality of the embryo at the cleavage stage was also negatively correlated with the consumption of alcoholic drinks and smoking habits. The consumption of fruits influenced the likelihood of blastocyst formation, which was also positively affected by the consumption of fish. Being on a weight-loss diet and consumption of red meat had a negative influence on the likelihood of blastocyst formation. The likelihood of blastocyst formation was also negatively influenced by the consumption of alcoholic drinks and by smoking habits. The consumption of red meat and body mass index had a negative effect on the implantation rate and the likelihood of pregnancy. In addition, being on a weight-loss diet had a negative influence on implantation rate. Our evidence suggests a possible relationship between environmental factors and ovary biology.

Impact of Food Intake on Nutritional Status, Serum Calcium and Serum Iron of Children from 0 to 5 Years in Abidjan

The aim of this study is to contribute to improve the nutritional status of children under 5 years old in six districts of the city of Abidjan (Abobo, Koumassi, Yopougon, Treichville, Marcory and Cocody). This study was conducted on a cohort of 480 children at the rate of 80 children per municipalities. The results showed a negative correlation (p <0.005) between the increase in macronutrient intake and prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition. The iron status of children is negatively affected by higher intakes of fiber, phytates and polyphenols (p <0.005). However, higher intakes of vitamin C and iron are associated with higher serum iron with respective positive correlation R2 = 0.903 for iron and R2 = 0.563 for vitamin C (p <0.005). Contrary to the serum iron, serum calcium concentrations remain constant regardless of the contributions in anti-nutritional factors and nutrients to improve it, such as vitamin C and calcium.

The impact of food intake and social habits on embryo quality and the likelihood of blastocyst formation

The impact of food intake and social habits on embryo quality and the likelihood of blastocyst formation

Diurnal variation of phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations in adult patients with phenylketonuria: subcutaneous microdialysis is no adequate tool for the determination of amino acid concentrations

BackgroundMetabolic control and dietary management of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) are based on single blood samples obtained at variable intervals. Sampling conditions are often not well-specified and intermittent variation of phenylalanine concentrations between two measurements remains unknown. We determined phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations in blood over 24 hours. Additionally, the impact of food intake and physical exercise on phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations was examined. Subcutaneous microdialysis was evaluated as a tool for monitoring phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations in PKU patients.MethodsPhenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations of eight adult patients with PKU were determined at 60 minute intervals in serum, dried blood and subcutaneous microdialysate and additionally every 30 minutes postprandially in subcutaneous microdialysate. During the study period of 24 hours individually tailored meals with defined phenylalanine and tyrosine contents were served at fixed times and 20 min bicycle-ergometry was performed.ResultsSerum phenylalanine concentrations showed only minor variations while tyrosine concentrations varied significantly more over the 24-hour period. Food intake within the patients’ individual diet had no consistent effect on the mean phenylalanine concentration but the tyrosine concentration increased up to 300% individually. Mean phenylalanine concentration remained stable after short-term bicycle-exercise whereas mean tyrosine concentration declined significantly. Phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations in dried blood were significantly lower than serum concentrations. No close correlation has been found between serum and microdialysis fluid for phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations.ConclusionsSlight diurnal variation of phenylalanine concentrations in serum implicates that a single blood sample does reliably reflect the metabolic control in this group of adult patients. Phenylalanine concentrations determined by subcutaneous microdialysis do not correlate with the patients’ phenylalanine concentrations in serum/blood.

Interstitial fluid contains higher in vitro IGF bioactivity than serum: A study utilizing the suction blister technique

ContextCirculating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are bound in complexes which affect their tissue-accessibility. Interstitial fluid is in close proximity to target cells, but the IGF-system is not well-described herein. ObjectiveTo perform a thorough comparison of the IGF-system in suction blister fluid (SBF) vs. in serum, with emphasis on bioactive IGF levels. DesignEight hour study including samples collected in the fasting state (20h) and after a meal. SettingClinical research facility. ParticipantsSix healthy males (age 37.0±8.8years, BMI 22.5±1.4kg/m2) (mean±SD). Main outcome measureSerum and SBF concentrations of bioactive IGF (determined in vitro by specific IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) phosphorylation assay), immunoreactive IGF and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) levels, Western ligand blotting (WLB) of IGFBPs and IGFBP-3 Western immunoblotting (WiB). ResultsThe ability of SBF to phosphorylate the IGF-IR in vitro was 41±27% higher than that of serum (P=0.007 by repeated measures ANOVA). By contrast, immunoreactive IGF and IGFBP-concentrations were approximately 50% lower in SBF than in serum (all P≤0.002). A marked difference in the composition of IGFBPs between serum and SBF was observed, including 3-fold elevated amounts of IGFBP-3 fragments in SBF (P<0.001). For both IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-2, the effect of food intake differed between serum and SBF (all P≤0.03). ConclusionDespite lower concentrations, the in vitro IGF bioactivity was higher in SBF than in serum. This may relate to an increased enzymatic IGFBP-degradation and an altered IGFBP-composition in SBF, making more IGF-I and -II accessible to the IGF-IR. The impact of food intake on the IGF system differs between serum and interstitial fluid.

Impact of Food Intake, Ultrasound Transducer, Breathing Maneuvers and Body Position on Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) Elastometry of the Liver

Since acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastometry is an increasingly popular method for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, we investigated factors possibly influencing hepatic elastometric measurements. 30 healthy volunteers (17 females, 13 males) were recruited. The shear wave velocity of the right liver lobe was determined in a fasting upright and supine position and after different breathing maneuvers with the convex array (4C1) and in a supine position with the linear (9L4) ultrasound transducer. In 18 volunteers, subsequent measurements were obtained in a fasting state and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after ingestion of a standardized breakfast. A group of 8 patients (average age: 76 years) with right heart insufficiency was also evaluated. In the fasting state, the ARFI shear wave velocities measured in an upright position were significantly higher than those in supine position (p< 0.0001). The supine ARFI values were significantly higher with the linear transducer than with the convex transducer (p = 0.0034). The results in deep inspiration, deep expiration and during Valsalva maneuver showed no differences. The food intake-related ARFI elastometric measurements were significantly elevated at time points 30 min (p = 0.019) and 60 min (p = 0.036) postprandial. In right heart insufficiency, the ARFI values were elevated. Hepatic ARFI elastometry is a well evaluated method. A standardized examination should include measuring in a supine position with the convex transducer (4C1) without specific breathing maneuvers. Since ARFI elastometry values increase after food intake, measurements should be performed in the fasting state, or not earlier than 2 hours postprandially. Heart dysfunction may impair ARFI accuracy.