Impact Of Economic Conditions Research Articles

The Influence of Economic Conditions on the Public's Interest in Entrepreneurship (Case Study of Singkil Communities in Two Environments of Manado Cities)

This research examines the impact of economic conditions on people's interest in entrepreneurship (A Case Study of the Singkil Dua Community in Manado City). The problem in this research is economic conditions have an impact on people's interest in entrepreneurship or not. In this research, the researcher aims to find out how is the impact of economic conditions on people's interest in entrepreneurship. The t}pe of' this research is quantitative research. The data used was primary data. The total population was 3 1 7 and the sample was 76. The data collection techniques were going through questionnaires that were distributed to the Singkil Dua communities, who were entrepreneurs. In the moment the data analysis techniques used in this research are the normality test, linearity test, coefficient of determination (R2) and simple linear regression l*he results state that economic conditions impacted the people's interest of' entrepreneurship in Singkil Dua of Manado city. This is evidenced by the results of the Coefficient of Determination Technique (R2), showing that the coefficient between the variables of X (Impact of Economic Conditions) and Y (Interest in entrepreneurship) is 0.474 or around 47.4%.

The Impact of Economic Conditions on Criminality in Indonesia

The Impact of Economic Conditions on Criminality in Indonesia

How Cyclical Is the User Cost of Labor?

In employment relationships, a wage is an installment payment on an implicit long-term agreement between a worker and a firm. The price of labor that impacts firm’s hiring decisions, instead, reflects the hiring wage as well as the impact of economic conditions at the time of hiring on future wages. Measured by the labor’s user cost, the price of labor is substantially more pro-cyclical than the new-hire wage or the average wage. The strong procyclicality of the price of labor calls for other forces for cyclical labor demand to explain employment fluctuations.

Impact of economic conditions on the well-being of family farmers in agriculture: an analysis from Western Paraná, Brazil

Impact of economic conditions on the well-being of family farmers in agriculture: an analysis from Western Paraná, Brazil

Impact of economic conditions on the well-being of family farmers in agriculture: an analysis from Western Paraná, Brazil

Impact of economic conditions on the well-being of family farmers in agriculture: an analysis from Western Paraná, Brazil

The Impact of Economic Conditions on Social Assistance Programs and Poverty Alleviation

Poverty remains a pervasive global challenge, necessitating effective policy interventions to uplift vulnerable populations. This research delves into the dynamic relationship between social assistance programs and poverty alleviation. Employing a mixed-methods approach, we investigate the impact of these programs on poverty rates, program effectiveness variations, demographic disparities, and the interplay with economic conditions. Our findings offer compelling insights. Firstly, social assistance programs exhibit a statistically significant reduction in poverty rates among beneficiaries, confirming their vital role in poverty alleviation. Moreover, variations in program effectiveness emerge, with cash transfer programs demonstrating immediate impact compared to in-kind assistance programs. Demographic differences further shape program outcomes, as programs targeting children and single-parent households exhibit pronounced effects on poverty reduction. Economic conditions also matter, as these programs prove more effective during periods of robust economic growth, serving as vital safety nets during economic downturns. Conditional social assistance programs demonstrate promise by incentivizing positive behaviors such as education enrollment and healthcare utilization. These findings hold significant policy implications, emphasizing the need for evidence-based program design and implementation. This research concludes with a call for comprehensive approaches to poverty alleviation, considering demographic variations, economic contexts, and the potential benefits of conditional programs. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation are pivotal in adapting programs to evolving circumstances, thus contributing to a more equitable and prosperous society.

Determinants of Women's Education Level in West Java: Impact of Economic Conditions or Discriminative Policies?

Various studies have shown that poor households with economic disruption have to choose their priorities. In such circumstances, expenses on girls’ education tend to be sacrificed. On the other hand, the emergence of public policies which discriminate against women and minority groups threatens to reduce women’s educational participation due to the psychological pressure and stigma they experience in educational institutions. This phenomenon is part of the reason why women’s educational participation in Indonesia is lower than men. This research applied a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate and compare the impact of discriminative policies and economic conditions on women’s education. Quantitative methods were conducted using a panel data regression model, while qualitative methods were conducted through content analysis. This study’s results showed that: a) discriminative policies were barriers to women’s rights for education; b) discriminative policies and economic variables had a significant influence on women at primary education level (elementary-junior high school) and at secondary education level (senior high school); c) regional income and expenditure had a significant effect on women’s education at primary and secondary education levels, but had no effect at post-secondary (university) education level; and d) economic and discriminative policy variables had no effect on women’s education at post-secondary (university) level. Keywords: discriminatory policy, economy, women’s education level

The Value Relevance of Earnings, Book Values, and Other Accounting Information and the Role of Economic Conditions in Value Relevance: A Literature Review*

ABSTRACTThe value relevance research in accounting offers robust analyses about how the market views accounting information. Although significant work has been done to date in this mature research area, the literature does not fully explain or agree upon the changes in value relevance over time, and the impact of economic conditions on the value relevance of accounting information is a relatively understudied research stream. We review three streams of the value relevance literature: (i) the value relevance of earnings and book values, (ii) the value relevance of other accounting information, and (iii) the role of economic conditions on the value relevance of accounting information. Further, we review the various explanations put forth in the literature to try to explain the variation in value relevance over time. Finally, we provide a limited baseline for the current state of scholarly work and offer insight for future value relevance research.

Impact of economic conditions on production efficiency of agricultural enterprises

At the present stage of market relations development, it is becoming more and more relevant to take into account the economic conditions of management. It is important to choose the right specialization by enterprises of the agricultural sector, which contributes to the increase in labor productivity, the increase in the efficiency of capital investments use and fixed assets. Relevant is the interdependence of specialization and concentration of production, which, in turn, has a significant impact on the development of socio-economic development program of the enterprise and on the entire process of expanded reproduction.

Impact of economic conditions on (restricted) immigration to the United States: The Polish case

Abstract Throughout the twentieth century, United States has been the most desirable destination for international migrants, primarily due to its economic performance and also to American values – work ethics and tolerance of ethnic diversity. This paper aims to test if selected economic indicators might influence international migration. To this end a time series analysis was performed with time series regression model, where lagged values of various macroeconomic indicators were tested for a significant impact on migration flows. This paper also cast a light on U.S. labour migration's legislation and history, as well as current migrant stock characteristics. It gives specific attention to Polish migrant population, as Polish Americans constitute the largest Polish diaspora worldwide. The results of the analysis show that U.S. immigration volumes are sensitive to American unemployment rate and American GDP growth (pull factors). However, analysing Polish migration volumes to the U.S. a significant correlation with selected American indicators was not revealed. On the contrary, Polish migration flows to the U.S. were correlated with Polish economic growth and the Polish unemployment rate fluctuations (push factors).

경제상황이 지역경제와 지방세수입에 미치는 영향

지역경제활동의 성과로 나타나는 지역 내의 소득이나 소비, 재산상태는 국가 또는 지방자치 단체의 과세대상이 되어 국세 또는 지방세 수입에 영향을 미친다. 그러나 이러한 지역경제활동은 경제상황에 따라 영향을 받게 될 것이며, 이는 다시 지방세 수입에도 영향을 미칠 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 경제상황에 따른 지방세 수입이 지역특성에 따라 어떠한 영향을 받는지를 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 17개 시·도의 2013년부터 2019년의 지방세 수입과 지역경제지표(지역총생산, 지역총소득, 개인소득, 민간소비, 토지자산)데이터를 지방재정연감과 통계청 국가통계포털 (KOSIS)의 자료를 이용하였다. 분석결과 경제상황이 호황인 경우 지역총생산과 민간소비, 토지자산, 실업률, 고용률에서 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 경제상황이 불황인 경우 민간소비, 토지자산, 고용률에서만 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 경제상황에 따라 지역경제가 지방세 수입에 미치는 영향에 차이가 있음을 나타내며, 경제상황이 호황인 경우라면 생산과 소비, 자산이 모두 지방세 수입에 긍정적인 역할을 할 수 있으나, 경제 상황이 불황인 경우에는 소비와 자산만이 지방세 수입에 긍정적인 역할을 할 수 있으므로, 이를 반영한 지방자치단체의 세수확보를 위한 정책마련이 필요하다.

The Progress of Sustainable Management of Ammonia Emissions from Agriculture in European Union States Including Poland—Variation, Trends, and Economic Conditions

Ammonia (NH3) is one of the gases adversely affecting the natural environment. The greatest contributor to emissions of this gas to the atmosphere is agricultural activity. The main objective of the study was to assess the progress of sustainable management of ammonia emissions from agriculture in European Union countries. The specific objectives of the article were the following: to analyse and diagnose the level of ammonia emissions from agriculture, to study the diversity of emissions of this gas between countries, to analyse trends in the years 2010–2017 and, above all, to assess the relationship between the level of ammonia emissions from agriculture and the economic conditions of EU countries. The theoretical part of the article describes the causes and effects of, as well as preventive actions against, ammonia emissions from agriculture, whereas the empirical part analyses the problems, trends, variations, and the impact of economic conditions on emissions of this gas in 2010–2017. To evaluate the range of problems discussed, indicators describing ammonia emission levels Y01A and Y01B, as well as indicators characterising economic conditions X01, X02, and X03 have been employed. During the study, the following indicators were analysed: ammonia emissions from agriculture in kilograms per hectare (Y01A), ammonia emissions from agriculture—percentage of total emissions (Y01B), government appropriations or outlays on research and development in agriculture in EUR per capita (X01), agricultural factor income in EUR per annual work unit (AWU) (X02), and real GDP in EUR per capita (X03). The source for the empirical data was information from the European Statistical Office (Eurostat). The analysis covered 28 states of the European Union. In the article, among others, the rate of change indices, coefficients of variation (Vs), measures of distance (D) and range (R), coefficients of asymmetry (A) and kurtosis (K) were calculated, and correlation and regression analysis were performed. The share of agriculture in total ammonia emissions in European Union countries is very high and averages as high as 92%. Most of the countries maintain an upward tendency; a disturbing fact, considering such high ammonia emissions from agriculture. Based on the present analysis, it has also been confirmed that countries with the relatively highest levels of economy and agricultural research and development funding in fact emit more and increasingly more ammonia from agriculture. To avoid the intensification of the adverse effects of this phenomenon, all EU Member States should take effective, efficient, and sustained action to reduce ammonia emission levels.

Impact of economic condition on crime rate in Nigeria

Impact of economic condition on crime rate in Nigeria

Impact of economic conditions on business growth and development

Economic conditions provide important insights to organisations so that business firms adjust their views to attain growth. Hence, authors tried to investigate the effects of economic conditions on business growth where 200 sample sizes are taken for the structured survey. Six progressive modern cities of India have opted for the survey. To obtain the authentic data; Interview and questionnaire survey techniques have been performed. Finally, it is found that higher interest rates lead to failure in achieving business goals. Overall, 64% of the organisations validate the fact. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis leads to an accurate evaluation of business performance. It is interesting to notice that only 8% of the business concerns are disagreeing with the fact. Subsequently, it is suggested that it is better for an organisation to be well equipped with strategic tools and competencies in order to beat the economic challenges.

AnneCase and AngusDeaton, Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020. 312 p. $27.95

AnneCase and AngusDeaton, Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020. 312 p. $27.95

Predicting Distress in Islamic Banks: The Effectiveness of Capital Measures in CAMELS Framework

This study aims to identify key capital adequacy measures and other parameters that effectively predict distress in Islamic banks taking a panel of 65 banks from 13 countries between 2008-2017 using logistic regression model. The paper also intends to see whether simpler ratios perform better than more complex, risk weighted measures in predicting distress in these banks. A total of nine alternative capital and leverage indicators are used in the model that mainly rely on financial and accounting data, which are supplemented by the addition of market leverage for listed banks. In order to capture variability in cross country analysis and impact of economic conditions and shocks, the study also adds several macroeconomic indicators in the model. The results suggest that most of the standard CAMELS indicators are relevant for studying distress in Islamic banks. Further, it is shown that three other capital ratios – Tier 1, tangible common ratio and market leverage - are equally effective in studying Islamic bank failures. The findings, however, reflect that Basel III leverage ratio and other accounting-based ratios do not offer effective early warning signals of Islamic bank stress. Overall, equity based risk-weighted capital ratios offer a more robust framework of regulation and supervision in Islamic banks.

Experienced and anticipated changes in household economic situation and childless women’s short-term intentions to become mothers

ABSTRACTDespite the considerable volume of literature on the impact of economic conditions on childbearing, most studies have focused on the deterioration of the individual’s economic situation and economic uncertainty. This study complements previous studies by exploring how both negative and positive changes to the household’s economic situation impact the short-term intentions of childless women to become mothers. Furthermore, this study differentiates between past experiences of change and anticipated changes in the future. Multinomial logistic regressions are applied for childless women using pooled data from nine European countries. The results show that regardless of the changes to the household’s economic situation in the five years preceding the survey, the anticipated improvement in its economic situation over the following five years decreased the chances of childless women experiencing childbearing uncertainty or negative short-term fertility intentions.

Economic Downturns and Inequities in Birth Outcomes: Evidence From 149 Million US Births.

Using birth certificate data for nearly all registered US births from 1976 to 2016 and monthly data on state unemployment rates, we reexamined the link between macroeconomic variation and birth outcomes. We hypothesized that economic downturns reduce exposure to work-related stressors and pollution while increasing exposure to socioeconomic stressors like job loss. Because of preexisting inequalities in health and other resources, we expected that less-educated mothers and black mothers would be more exposed to macroeconomic variation. Using fixed-effect regression models, we found that a 1-percentage-point increase in state unemployment during the first trimester of pregnancy increased the probability of preterm birth by 0.1 percentage points, while increases in the state unemployment rate during the second/third trimester reduced the probability of preterm birth by 0.06 percentage points. During the period encompassing the Great Recession, the magnitude of these associations doubled in size. We found substantial variation in the impact of economic conditions across different groups, with highly educated white women least affected and less-educated black women most affected. The results highlight the increased relevance of economic conditions for birth outcomes and population health as well as continuing, large inequities in the exposure and impact of macroeconomic fluctuations on birth outcomes.

The impact of economic conditions on individual and managerial risk taking

The current study examines how the financial crisis of 2008–2009 impacted individuals’ willingness to take risks (WTR). We find substantial changes in the WTR associated with the financial crisis which supports countercyclical risk aversion while controlling for wealth effects and risk perception. Yet, we also observe a quick recovery of the WTR immediately after the crisis. We find that managers are less risk averse in general, but participated less in the pre-crisis upswing in the WTR. Post-crisis, the managerial WTR took a deeper hit compared to the overall population. Changes in risk tolerance levels also differ across income levels, which we attribute to greater exposure to the stock market depreciation during the crisis.

Competitive threat and temporal change in anti-immigrant sentiment: Insights from a hierarchical age-period-cohort model

The study focuses on over-time change in anti-immigrant attitudes across European societies and on the role played by cohorts in producing the change in attitudes. We assembled data from four waves of the European Social Surveys for 14 countries between 2002 and 2014. The data analysis is conducted within the framework of a hierarchical age-period-cohort model (HAPC) to estimate the dynamic relations between anti-immigrant sentiment and country's social and economic conditions, while taking into consideration variations across individuals and birth-cohorts. The analysis lends support to expectations derived from the ‘competitive threat’ theoretical model. The findings show that a higher share of non-European ethnic minorities in the country's population is associated with a higher level of ant-immigrant attitudes. Anti-immigrant sentiment was found to be more pronounced in the ‘old immigration countries’ than in the ‘new immigration countries.’ The impact of economic conditions on anti-immigrant sentiment becomes evident through the effect of cohort in the ‘new immigration countries’: cohorts that entered the labor market when the unemployment rate was high are likely to hold more negative attitudes toward immigrants.