Impact Of Economic Activity Research Articles

Recent fauna of ground-nesting birds in Transvolga steppes and its dynamics in the 20th century

It is shown that the structure of the ground-nesting bird fauna in Transvolga steppes has changed during the 20th century. The complex of lark species characteristic of true and dry steppe has disappeared because of climate change and impact of economic activity (the establishment of windbreak and roadside forest strips), which has provided for a sharp increase in the abundance of corvid birds.

Assessment of the impact of economic activity on the degree of overland flow contamination in the zone of the Kursk-Belgorod magnetic anomaly: Case study of the Oskol River

The geochemical state of surface watercourses in the region, subjected to appreciable impact of mining and smelting integrated works, is analyzed. Peculiarities of the natural environment of the region, determining its response to anthropogenic impact and affecting water quality formation, are outlined.

The environmental impact of economic activities: the case of the five economic macroregions of the State of Santa Catarina/Brazil

The different developments in each of the five Catarinian macro-regions have led the author to investigate if the regional differences can delay the economic growth of the State of Santa Catarina and how is the actual vegetal covering after this economic exploration. This case study delineates the economic basis and the regional differences through descriptive analysis of diagnosis. The results showed the presence of regional differences that gives foundation to the economy strength. When the European immigrants had arrived in the State, the estimate was that more than 80% of the total area of Santa Catarina was covered by forests. The solo occupation and the uses of the native forests as economic way of development were responsible for a great reduction of this covered area. This paper shows that there is a great environmental impact of the economic activities more concentrated in macro-regions 1 and 2.

Corporate social responsibility

Milton Friedman states that the social responsibility of companies is to make as much money for stockholders as possible. There are a number of problems with this deceptively simple definition. Companies are part of society and their business decisions have unavoidable social consequences. The role of companies is to provide society with goods and services legally, efficiently and profitably. In fulfilling their primary purpose, they can choose to undertake such social activities as they believe are in their corporate interest and have the support, for publicly-quoted companies, of their shareholders. Such activities are not necessarily at the expense of shareholders, for whom corporate reputation is an asset. The issue of corporate social responsibility has moved up the economic and political agenda internationally, through concern over corporate power linked to globalisation, examples of corporate malpractice and the impact of economic activity on the environment. In addition, UK pension funds have to disclose their social, ethical and environmental policies in relation to investment, which in turn requires quoted companies to report on their activities in the social, ethical and environmental fields. The paper outlines the nature of some of these activities. Outsourcing and its effects on employment are current issues for developed countries, leading on to a discussion of corporate responsibility in relation to employment. Because the social and commercial consequences of business decisions are intertwined, companies need to clarify their policies on social responsibility and to manage them accordingly, taking account of external pressures to the degree to which they can be said to represent the interests of society as a whole. The manner in which companies discharge their responsibilities towards society affects their public reputation and their ability to recruit and retainable and committed employees.

The impact of economic activity in Asturias on greenhouse gas emissions: Consequences for environmental policy within the Kyoto Protocol framework

Climate change is one of the major worldwide environmental concerns. It is especially the case in many developed countries, where the greenhouse gas emissions responsible for this change are mainly concentrated. For the first time, the Kyoto Protocol includes an international agreement for the reduction of the net emissions of these gases. To fulfil this agreement measures designed to reduce or limit current emissions have to be brought into force. Consequently, fears have arisen about possible consequences on competitiveness and future development of manufacturing activities and the need for support mechanisms for the affected sectors is obvious. In this paper, we carry out a study of the emissions of gases responsible for climate change in Asturias (Spain), a region with an important economic presence of sectors with intensive emissions of CO 2, the chief greenhouse gas. To be precise, in the first place, the volumes of direct emissions of the said gases in 1995 were calculated, showing that the sectors most affected by the Kyoto Protocol in Asturias are iron and steel and electricity production. Secondly, input–output analysis was applied to determine the direct and indirect emissions and the direct, indirect and induced emissions of the different production sectors, respectively. The results derived from the direct and indirect emissions analysis and their comparison with the results of the former allow us to reach some conclusions and environmental policy implications.

Computable General Equilibrium Model on Air Pollution Abatement Policies with Indonesia as a Case Study

This paper is to develop an economic model that is appropriate to analyse the expected impact of air pollution policies on national economic performance and on household incomes for various socio‐economic groups. The model includes the impact of economic activities on air quality in urban areas as well as the impact of urban air quality on the economy. Application of this model in Indonesia suggests that an implementation of policies to improve urban air quality might also induce a higher GDP and increase the income of poor households in the country.

The Economics-Environment Relationship: Neoclassical, Institutional, and Marxist Approaches

The importance of the environment for economic activity and, in turn, the impact of economic activity on nature, have motivated economists to include the analysis of the relationship between economics and the environment in their research agenda since economics became a discipline. Given the existence of different schools of thought within economics-at times complementary and at times conflicting-the debate over the way in which this relationship should be conceptualized and analyzed has a history as old as that of the interest itself.

The masculine mindset of environmental management and green marketing

Environmental management systems and green marketing programmes have gained increasing popularity in western market economies. They are viewed as cost-efficient, effective and just means of tackling problems associated with the impact of economic activity on the environment. It is argued in this article, however, that these optimistic views are based on a number of ideas, images and metaphors that retain many androcentric and inadequate assumptions about self, society and nature that may be incompatible with long-term environmental protection goals. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

The Impact of Economic Activity on Climate

AbstractThe effect of human activity on climate is examined against the background of a rapid increase in the production of man-made heat, which is likely to reach a magnitude of the order of the natural radiation balance on the earth's surface. The microclimate of cities is particularly affected by the production of industrial heat and by the heating of buildings in winter. Deforestation of large areas in conjunction with the expansion of agriculture has an impact on climate. The impact of shelterbelts is analyzed in detail, together with the effect of irrigation, swamp drainage and the creation of large reservoirs.