Impact Of Economic Activity Research Articles

ISLAM DAN KAPITALISME

Market economy with its competence has support capitalism from its beginning to always expand internally and externally. The impact of it has change the world economy and also the third world (developing countries), by the economic booming, like the increase of immigration as the impact of economic activities, the rapid development of technology, especially in information, electronic, communication, and bio-technology, and the success of international champagne to globalize capitalism in economy. To face this, Islam responds by the concept that Islam does not let the social class exist and avoid the centralization of properties only among the few rich people as it is in the capitalism. Islam issues different economic mode based on the Islamic teachings of need fulfillment, partnership, helping each other, and not based on struggling and conflict between social classes.

Abundances of Anthropogenic Mud Flows in the North Caucasus Region

В статье рассмотрены вопросы воздействия хозяйственной деятельности на селевые явления, причины зарождения селевых потоков. Проведен анализ случаев схода собственно антропогенных (техногенных) селевых потоков на территории Северо-Кавказского региона. На территории селевых активностей возможности конструктивного использования селевых потоков проблематичны. Хотя селевые отложения вполне могут использоваться как строительный материал, тем не менее экономический ущерб от селевых потоков несопоставим с эффектом использования отложений. В связи с повышенным интересом человечества к районам проявления селевых явлений появилось понятие «селевая опасность». В статье рассматриваются причины возникновения антропогенных, природно-антропогенных, техногенных селей. Антропогенные сели, итогом которых являются возникновение новых селевых бассейнов, развиваются в районах наибольшей хозяйственной нагрузки на них. В качестве примера возникновения техногенных селей рассматривается Адыгея, Карачаево-Черкесия и Дагестан, где возможность возникновения селей увеличивается прямо пропорционально отвалам горных пород в бассейнах местных рек. Причинами формирования природно-антропогенных селей служат сведение лесов, деградация луговой растительности, вследствие перевыпаса и неразумного сенокошения, нарушенные углы естественных откосов склонов при любого рода строительных работах, неправильная распашка склонов и другая нерациональная эксплуатация горных территорий. Это приводит к усилению эрозии, возрастанию стока наносов, а затем к развитию селевых явлений. Предлагаемая работа, основанная на исследованиях, научно-технических отчетах, обобщающих документах и публикациях отдела высокогорных гидрометеорологических исследований Северо-Кавказского УГМС, данных о селепроявлениях, содержащихся в литературных источниках, а также на архивных и справочных материалах, является попыткой обобщить имеющиеся материалы о селевой деятельности на территории Северо-Кавказского региона.

Mediating Environment – a New Element of Environmental Regulating

An analysis of current environmental regulation showed, that it contains contradictions, gaps, and it is based on the concept of "negative impact of economic activity" – when any impact of economic activities considered negative regardless of the presence of the affected entity. In the draft of Environmental Code [1], instead of defective nature protection oriented regulation, a new one is proposed – environmental regulation, in which, in particular, used a new approach to assessing the negative impact of economic activity. One of element of this approach is presented – "a mediating natural environment" – a kind of “buffer” natural environment through which the impact of economic activity spreads and changes until it resaces some entity.

Impact of Corporate (Dividend) Action on Stocks in India

The investment decision is influenced by many factors of which one such factor is return. The shareholders may get return in the form dividend which affects the share prices. The behavior of stock prices is unpredictable as price movement for different activities will move in different ways. The stock price movements can be divided into Economic and corporate activities. The impact of economic activities will be more or less same on all the stock prices while impact of corporate action varies from one stock to the other. Dividend payment is one of the important corporate actions that will have an impact on the behavior of stock prices. This research highlights the impact of dividend payment on the behavior of stock prices. To understand this behavior, ten stocks have been randomly picked which has paid the dividend in 2016. The researchers have used popular event window study and cumulative returns. In this regard, the researchers have picked two dates, namely dividend announcement date and the other is dividend effective date. The paired sample t-test is employed to compare cumulative returns before and after dividend announcement.

Confronting South Africa’s water challenge: A decomposition analysis of water intensity

Water is a vital natural resource, demanding careful management. It is essential for life and integral to virtually all economic activities, including energy and food production and the production of industrial outputs. The availability of clean water in sufficient quantities is not only a prerequisite for human health and well-being but the life-blood of freshwater ecosystems and the many services that these provide. Water resource intensity measures the intensity of water use in terms of volume of water per unit of value added. It is an internationally accepted environmental indicator of the pressure of economic activity on a country’s water resources and therefore a reliable indicator of sustainable economic development. The indicator is particularly useful in the allocation of water resources between sectors of the economy since in waterstressed countries like South Africa, there is competition for water among various users, which makes it necessary to allocate water resources to economic activities that are less intensive in their use of water. This study focuses on economy-wide changes in South Africa’s water intensity using both decomposition and empirical estimation techniques in an effort to identify and understand the impact of economic activity on changes in the use of the economy’s water resources. It is hoped that this study will help inform South Africa’s water conservation and resource management policies

Modeling Money Demand in China: Evidence from Cointegration Analysis

When monetary policy is not aimed at clearing the money market by using the nominal interest rate, as in China's case, money demand becomes an important analytical tool. This paper examines China's money demand in the long run with the cointegration analysis. We find that (i) real money balances is a function of real income and interest rate in the long run; (ii) real money balances react positively to changes in real income while negatively to those in interest rate in the long run; (iii) the impact of economic activity on real money demand is large while that of the interest rate is relatively small. Our finding implies that monetary aggregates in China have some useful indicator properties and monetary authorities should watch its movement closely.

Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Market Behavior: Evidence from BRIC

The stock market plays an important role in the national economies, stimulating savings and reallocating assets. The impact of economic activities on the stock market could be deterministic for investors behavior. The present study analyses the influence of macroeconomic variables such as Industrial Production Index, Consumer Price Index, Commodities Price Index, Producer Price Index, Money Supply, Interest Rate, Exchange Rate, Net Export on the stock markets of four countries forming BRIC block: Brazil, Russia, India, China.

Innovative geotechnologies is the key to geoenvironmental sustainability of urban areas by reducing the load and control techno-landscapes on the example of innovative water-coal technologies

The relevance of the article lies in the necessity of development of innovative geotechnologies in order to establish the geo-ecological stability of the territories while reducing the negative anthropogenic impact of economic activities on the environment. Therefore, at the present stage innovation policy needs to be fundamentally reoriented in the direction of coordinated development of new technologies aimed at restoring the supply of their biosphere. The authors come to the conclusion that modern innovative geotechnology can not only promote the improvement of ecological state of urban ecosystems, but also to facilitate automatic control techno landscapes on the example of innovative water-coal technology. In this case, technogenesis not the last, apocalyptic, evolutionary phase of human activity characterized by the disturbance of the biotic turnover and balance «biosphere – technosphere» in the direction of the technosphere. Reasonable parity of the biosphere and technosphere marks the transition of innovative thinking to an innovative geo-environmental, geoecosphere thinking, and of the technosphere – to geoecosphere.

Pollution of the coastal waters in the Possyet Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea) in conditions of current economic activity

Impact of economic activity on environment quality is assessed for the coastal waters of the Possyet Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea). Total volume of the sewage water discharged from coastal sources to the bay and total amount of principal pollutants wasting this water body are calculated. Specific index of sewage for the Possyet Bay is estimated as 0.081 g/m 3 that is rather high value. Distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in the coastal waters is considered: their concentration ranges from 0.025 to 0.065 mg/L. Following to biotesting results, the worst water quality is in the Reid Pallada Bay where the highest inhibitory effect on the byssus thread formation of mussel Crenomytilus grayanus is observed.

The environmental impact of economic activity on the planet: the role of service activities

In these times when The United Nations organization is discussing the post-2015 agenda, this paper provides an updated quantification of the environmental impact index and its evolution during the last fifty years. Based on the theoretical model of consumption equations initiated by Paul Ehrlich and John Holdren in the seventies, an updated and global environmental impact index estimate was carried out. The geographic scope of the study included all countries for which data are published in the database of the World Bank for the period 1961-2012. Once it was noted the growing evolution of this index, the secondary objectives of the study were focused on the analysis of the relationship between the calculated impact index and two variables. The first variable is linked to one of the main consequences of environmental degradation, the health of the population - estimated by the mortality rate. The second variable is linked to one of the main proposals to mitigate the environmental impact solutions, green investments - estimated by the volume of investment in R&D. These relationships have been studied by two separate econometric panel data models, and the results showed in both a positive and statistically significant relationship of impact index on mortality and investments in R&D. Finally, policy recommendations steer action towards green investments and the practice of business models based on social responsibility.

The Spanish Food Industry on Global Supply Chains and Its Impact on Water Resources

The study of the impact of economic activities on natural resources through global supply chains is increasingly demanded in the context of the growing globalization of economies and product fragmentation. Taking Spain as a case study and a sector with significant economic and environmental impacts, the agri-food industry, the objective of this work is two-fold. First, we estimate the associated water impact, both from the production and consumption perspectives, paying special attention to the water embodied in production exchanges among countries and sectors. To that aim, we use an environmentally-extended multiregional input-output model (MRIO). Second, we assess the main driving factors behind changes in direct and embodied water consumption between the years 1995 and 2009 by means of a structural decomposition analysis. The MRIO model provides a comprehensive estimate of the economic linkages among regions and economic sectors and, therefore, allows calculating the environmental impacts over international value chains. The results indicate that the food industry exerts large impacts on global water resources, particularly given the remarkable interactions with the domestic and foreign agricultural sectors, These growing linkages show how consumption patterns, and, therefore, lifestyles, involve large environmental impacts through the whole and global supply chains.

Russian

This article, through the example of one of the country’s most complex and contrastive mountainous regions, the Northwest Caucasus, examines the regime of brook and river streamflow in mountain conditions and its dynamics in conjunction with the economic reclamation of forest ecosystems in river catchment areas. The paper provides the findings of a research study into the quality of slope run-off affecting the sanitary condition of mineral water springs. The author illustrates the patterns of change in the regime and quality of streamflow under the impact of economic activities.

The Ob-Irtysh basin: Socio-economic problems

The article describes increasing impact of economic activities on the water resources of the Ob-Irtysh basin, which generates many problems that require an urgent solution. The situations associated with the water supply of the needs of the population and economy, as well as the necessity of environmental preservation, have been analyzed. Particular attention is given to the issues of reconciling of interests of several states (Russia, Kazakhstan, and China) using the flow of the Irtysh river. The question of the reasonability of establishing a legislative framework that enables the exercising of the effective control of transboundary water resources and provides ecological and economic security has been raised. The anthropogenic and natural factors that influence the water-resource status and the impact of poor water quality on health have been considered. The basic difficulties of the practical solution of challenges have been determined and certain potential external and internal threats have been shown.

Using secondary data to examine economic trends in a subset of sectors in the English marine economy: 2003–2011

Concerns over the impact of economic activities on the marine resource have led to many national ocean policies and international agreements for sustainable development. To guide these policies, information on the physical attributes and processes of the marine system and its associated economic activities, such as fishing, maritime transport, shipbuilding, etc. must be accommodated within a single framework. However, economic data on the activities linked to the marine resource is often incomplete or non-existent. Recent literature has focused on developing national economic indicators for the marine sector. To date, these indicators have tended to reflect national level trends; overall output, employment, and household income associated with the marine sector. Recognising the importance of micro-level indicators that capture temporal trends in the marine sector, this paper uses data on a subset of marine sectors, namely fishing, aquaculture, processing, shipbuilding, maritime transport and construction provided in the Office of National Statistic׳s Business Structure Dataset. Dividing the trend data into two timeframes 2003–2007 and 2008–2011 provides an additional insight on the performance of the marine sector with the global economic recession as a backdrop. This paper found that whilst employment in the marine sector decreased in England since 2008, output from marine based products and services have increased. The paper further found that overall, whilst the subset of sectors representing the English marine sector in the BSD under-performed relative to other sectors during 2003–2007 (or the global boom years), the sector grew faster in the post global recession compared to other English industrial sectors.

An intertemporal approach to measuring environmental performance with directional distance functions: Greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union

The impact of economic activity on the environment is a matter of growing concern for firm managers, policymakers, researchers and society as a whole. Building on previous work by Kortelainen (2008) [Dynamic environmental performance analysis: A Malmquist index approach. Ecological Economics 64, 701–715], we contribute an approach to assessing intertemporal environmental performance at the level of the management of specific pollutants, as the result of change in eco-efficiency and environmental technical change, which identify catching-up with best available environmental practices and eco-innovation, respectively. In doing so, we use Data Envelopment Analysis techniques, directional distance functions and Luenberger productivity indicators. Our approach is employed to assess environmental performance in the emission of greenhouse gases in the European Union-28 over the period 1990–2011. The main result is that environmental performance has been boosted by environmental technical change rather than by increases in eco-efficiency, although with certain differences among air pollutants. Accordingly, policy measures aimed at enhancing eco-efficiency are recommended to improve environmental performance in European countries regarding greenhouse gas emissions.

The Impact of Economic Activities on Deforestation in Bauchi State. (A Theoretical perspective.)

For thousand of years the action of man has been gradually diminishing the world’s forest resources by clearing and felling of trees for fuel, bush burning or making way for agriculture, settlement and industry. This was a relatively slow process in many areas in the past, but it has now been speeded up by population explosion as well as economic activities especially in the provision of fuel wood. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines deforestation as a reduction of forest stand density to less than 20 percent of its original cover. Ayuba (2005) defined deforestation as the indiscriminate felling of trees with little or no effort at replacement. Economic activities if pursued without environmental considerations will in the long run limit the scope for growth and overall economic development, more so when the resources derivable from it are economic necessities (Oyeranti, 1998). Therefore the objective of this paper is to identify those economic activities that aid deforestation in Bauchi State with a view to proffer solution to this environmental problem. With the aid of various literatures and discussions from experts in the field, the study will identify the economic activities that contribute to deforestation in Bauchi State. The study among other things identified that demand for fuel wood, intensive use of land for food production and grazing, unemployment, urbanization, migration are some of the activities responsible. The study therefore suggest that tree planting campaign should vigorously pursued, stringent laws to be put in place against indiscriminate cutting down of trees, make alternative source of fuel wood such as kerosene cheaper or encourage the use of efficient wood stove and sensitization campaign to educate the general public on the dangers of deforestation. Key wood: Deforestation, economic activities

Centennial variation in the chemical composition of river water in the Khabarovsk water node

Variations in the chemical composition of the surface waters near Khabarovsk are described for the period of 1896–2008. Seasonal variations in the chemical composition of the Amur and Ussuri waters are shown. The hydrochemical characteristics of the Kazakevicheva, Pryamaya, and Amurskaya passages are presented. The results obtained show that the concentrations of the main ions, as well as biogenic and organic substances, depend on the location of the maximal river runoff in the Amur basin. The impact of economic activities in the Middle Amur area on the dissolved matter content in the Amur and Ussuri rivers near Khabarovsk, as well as the distribution of these substance concentrations across the Amur River and the Amurskaya passage, is described. During the 50 years of regular observations, the mineralization of the Amur water in the winter low-water period has decreased by 1.5 times and the organic matter content has increased by 2 times.

Contribution to Forum on the ESA Statement on the Ecological Impact of Economic Activities

Contribution to Forum on the ESA Statement on the Ecological Impact of Economic Activities

THE ENDOGENOUS AND NON‐LINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TERRORISM AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: TURKISH EVIDENCE

This paper investigates the macroeconomic effects of terror by using a novel data set from Turkey for the period of 1987:1 to 2004:4. This research contributes to the literature by controlling for the possible non‐linear and endogenous relationship between political conflict and economic activity. Empirical evidence from both linear and non‐linear models confirms that terrorism has a large significant negative impact on economic activity. Finally, the results from the non‐linear model show that the impact of terrorism on the aggregate economy is more severe during expansionary periods, and that the impact of economic activity on terrorism is significant only in recessionary periods.

Unidades ambientais da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Santana, Sul da Bahia

A bacia hidrográfica do Rio Santana apresenta inúmeros problemas ambientais ocasionados pelas atividades econômicas impactantes e pressão antrópica. Para atenuar esses conflitos, garantir a conservação ambiental e a sustentabilidade dessa área de extrema importância para a região, deve-se identificar e conhecer seu ambiente. Este trabalho realizou uma estratificação ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Santana, analisando as inter-relações entre os elementos das paisagens. A vegetação, a geologia e o relevo foram os critérios utilizados para a delimitação das unidades ambientais, uma vez que, nessa área, estes fatores atuam com maior intensidade na gênese dos solos. Assim, foram identificadas seis unidades ambientais com características peculiares: Planície Quaternária Marinha, Planície Quaternária Estuarina, Tabuleiro Costeiro Sedimentar, Mar de Morros, Depressão Cristalina e Morro Florestado. Adicionalmente, foram caracterizadas as principais classes de solos por meio de análises físicas, químicas e mineralógicas. A diversidade litológica nesta bacia condiciona a grande variedade pedológica, influenciando fortemente as propriedades dos solos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam os diferentes processos ocorridos em cada unidade ambiental. As principais classes de solos encontradas na região são: Latossolos, Argissolos, Cambissolos, Luvissolos, Neossolos e Gleissolos.