Impact Of Economic Activity Research Articles

Testing of Semi Strong form of Market Efficiency of Indian Capital Market with Reference to Annual Dividend Announcement

The investment decision is influenced by many factors, of which one such factor is the return. The shareholders may get the return in the form of dividends which affects the share prices. The behavior of stock prices is unpredictable as price movement for different activities will move in different ways. The stock price influence activities can be divided into economic and corporate activities. The impact of economic activities will be more or less the same on all the stock prices, while the impact of corporate action varies from one stock to the other. Dividend payment is one of the essential corporate actions that will impact the behavior of stock prices. This research highlights the impact of dividend payment one the behavior of stock prices and their abnormal returns.

DAMPAK SOSIAL PASCA KONFLIK 2016 DI KOTA TANJUNGBALAI

This research aims to determine the social impact caused by the 2016 conflict in Tanjungbalai City. This caonflict occurred against the background of a protest from an ethnic Chinese woman who lived in front of the Al Maksum Mosque on Jalan Karya, Tanjungbalai City I District, South Tanjungbalai District, south Tanjungbalai District and protested about the volume of the call to prayer by statting that her voice was too loud. The Formulation of the problem in this research is the Social Impact that occurred after the 2016 conflict in the city Tanjungbalai. this research uses qualitative methods with research data collection techniques carried out by interviews, participation and documentation. The theory in this research is Dahrendorf’s theory which states that there are two groups in society depending on who controls the reins of power. The informants inn this study were 12 people consisting of 5 main informants and 7 addutional informants. The results of this research show that the conflict that occurred in 2016 occurred spontaneously and suddenly and was unexpected by the community meanwhile, the social impact caused by the 2016 conflict in Tanjungbalai was the destruction of places of worship, relations between residents felt increasingly starined at the time, each group was wary of each other and suspicion arose between fellow enrich groups after the incident, than the impact of economic activities after the incident. In this case, the city government gtogether with religious and community laders as well as the TNI-POLRI have succeeded in controlling this situation in the not too distantfuture so that life in Tanjungbalai is running normally as usual. The city of Tanjungbalai was designated the city of intorelan as a result of the 2016 conflict but is now no longer the city of Intorelan due to difficulties in achieving harmony between religious communities. This was created because the city government together with religious and community leaders as well as the TNI-POLRI carried out regular communication, mettings and dialogue between religious and ultimately gave rise to a consensus for the parties concerned to maintain balance and national city.

Ensuring the environmental safety of technogenic objects based on green standards

A certification in accordance with ISO 14 001 and EMAS allows the impact of economic activities on ecosystems to be understood and assessed, as well as environmental goals and objectives to be set. The effects of environmental management systems (EMS) largely depend on how companies decide to use them after certification. In this regard, the author explores issues, related to the use of ISO 14 000 and EMAS standards for improving the environmental safety of companies. The methodology is presented in the form of an environmental standardisation model and various levels of the company environmental certification. The importance of environmental education of employees and a positive organisational climate is explained. However, the introduction of environmental management systems does not always lead to improved environmental performance of companies. Some companies focus on formal criteria. Nevertheless, EMS, environmental auditing and the principles of ISO 14 000 can help companies reduce their negative impact on the environment and increase their competitiveness. In a situation of uncertainty, the organisational climate, especially the attitude of employees towards the environment and environmental values, is of a priority importance for the implementation of the EMS objectives. Problems, associated with an ambiguous interpretation of standard requirements, were identified. It is recommended to pay attention to the creation of a positive organisational climate for successful environmental certification. In addition, there is a need for a more accurate assessment of the environmental activity effectiveness with a clear formulation of the requirements to standards and a control over their implementation.

Foreword to the thematic issue on cities in global capitalism

This thematic issue investigates the complex interactions between urban environments and global capitalism. It includes a range of case studies and theoretical analyses that delve into the effects of global economic forces on urban spaces. The papers explore various topics, such as the transformation of labor markets due to digital capitalism, the impact of economic activities on urban climate resilience, and the challenges of sustainable urban development. The issue highlights the necessity of interdisciplinary approaches to understand and address the dynamic relationship between urban geographies and global economic systems.

ТОБЫЛ ӨЗЕНІ АҒЫНЫНЫҢ ЖЫЛ ІШІНДЕГІ ТАРАЛУЫНА АНТРОПОГЕНДІК ӘСЕРДІ БАҒАЛАУ

The article considers the use of the Tobol River water resources in Kazakh part of the river basin for the needs of economic complex for the period from 2000 to 2021. The impact of economic activity on the annual runoff and intra-annual flow distribution of the Tobol River near the city of Kostanay for the period from 1965 to 2021 was assessed according to the data of the observation station near the village Grishchenko after the construction of Karatomarsky and Verkhne-Tobolsk water reservoirs. It has been found that during the period of consideration, the average annual water resources of the Tobol River, as well as its spring runoff decreased, and the river runoff in summer and autumn increased compared to the natural period.

Impact Assessment of climate change on water resources of the Amu Darya River basin

Water consumption and water use have been continuously increasing, and the impact of economic activities on the hydrological regime of water flow, especially in irrigation, population and industry, has increased significantly. In particular, it is significantly increasing in the countries of Central Asia, including the Republic of Uzbekistan. Today's global problem is the severity, scale and unusualness of anthropogenic climate change, especially in developing countries, creates the need for action with an urgent scientific approach. Undoubtedly, the assessment of the observed climate change and the current state of water resources will require many years of in-depth scientific research. One of the factors limiting the development of the countries of the Amu Darya basin is the lack of water resources. The world is experiencing intensive climate warming, which leads to the melting of glaciers, which are the main sources of fresh water for the river basins that make up the water resources of the countries of Central Asia. The article gives an assessment of regional and local climate change and gives recommendations for reducing water shortages in the countries of the province

О СОВРЕМЕННОМ СОСТОЯНИИ ГИДРОЛОГО-ГИДРОХИМИЧЕСКОГО РЕЖИМА РЕКИ ЖАЙЫК

At present, the assessment of water content, as well as the results of a study on the impact of economic activity on the hydrological regime of the Zhaiyk River, differ greatly among different authors. As a result, there is no unified methodology for assessing changes in river flow, and this, in turn, hinders the adoption of management decisions to restore the natural hydrological regime of a watercourse. In this regard, this article discusses the issue of an integrated assessment of changes in the water content of the Zhaiyk River.

The GREEN HALAL ECONOMY KOLABORASI SOLUTIF MENJAWAB TANTANGAN EKONOMI GLOBAL

ABSTRACT
 
 The impact of economic activities on the sustainability of the planet earth is currently very concerning, so that a global commitment has emerged to maintain the sustainability of this earth. The commitment is the implementation of a green economy. Along with this commitment, specifically the commitment of a religious teaching also plays an important role in the success of this global commitment, namely the implementation of the halal economy. Literature review is the method in this research to find theories and similarities between the green economy and the halal economy. The result is that these two economic targets have unidirectional goals so that they will support and strengthen each other if they are collaborated into solutions rather than overcoming the impacts and challenges of the global economy.
 
 Key words: Green economy, Halal economy

Kemandirian Ekonomi Pesantren Melalui PT Ngabar Mandiri Sejahtera (Studi pada Pondok Pesantren Wali Songo Ngabar)

Independence can be interpreted as the potential to be able to produce to meet their own needs and help others who do not depend on others in carrying out or carrying out a business process. Likewise, in the management of an institution. Economic independence in Islamic educational institutions means that these institutions can choose and carry out activities to survive in a better way. This qualitative descriptive study aims to identify and analyze the economic activities and innovations carried out by PT Ngabar Mandiri Sejahtera and their impact on finansial independence at the Wali Songo Islamic Boarding School, Ngabar. Primary data were obtained from interviews and in-depth observations of and documentation of business unit managers and administrators of the Waqf Maintenance and Development Foundation of the Wali Songo Islamic Boarding School, Ngabar. Secondary data was obtained from the documentation and financial records of PT Ngabar Mandiri Sejahtera. The results show that PT Ngabar Mandiri Sejahtera has various kinds of business units to support the independence of the Wali Songo Islamic Boarding School through its business units, including NBC Supermarkets, Ngabar Food Courts, Ngabar Hostel and Meeting Hall, Ngabar Mart, Ngabar Bistro, Cafeteria Al Azhar, Ngabar Perfume, and Ngabar Laundry. The innovations carried out included developing the type of business, using smart card payment methods cashless, and establishing relationships with third parties to supply the needs of Islamic boarding schools. The impact of economic activities through PT Ngabar Mandiri Sejahtera for the internal boarding school is well-organized sales management, asset improvement, and operating profit. The external is to open up job opportunities for the community around the Wali Songo Islamic Boarding School, Ngabar.

Fueling Mexico: Energy and Environment, 1850–1950

Fueling Mexico: Energy and Environment, 1850–1950

Trubizh water management paradynamic landscape-technical system

Formulation of the problem. The incorporation of any reclamation system into the existing landscape complexes leads to increased contrast of environments and activation of material-energy-information flows. The construction of the reclamation system in the basin of the Trubizh River radically changed the landscape structure of the riverbed and floodplain, which led to a significant impact on the adjacent landscape complexes. Trubizh water management landscape-technical system goes beyond one river valley, so ill-considered economic activity can lead to deterioration of the ecological condition of adjacent landscape complexes. The study of anthropogenic paradynamic connections between different landscape structures will provide a better understanding of the functioning of the Trubizh water management landscape-technical system and the peculiarities of interaction with adjacent landscapes, which, in turn, will predict its further development and develop ways of rational use. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the Trubizh water management landscape-technical system as an anthropogenic paradynamic system. Methods. The process of transformation of natural paradynamic connections into anthropogenic and formation of anthropogenic paradynamic landscape complexes with the help of databases of GIS packages SAS.Planet.Release and GoogleEarthPro is analyzed. The research was conducted using the following methods: system analysis, generalization, comparative-geographical, final results, cartographic, GIS-method. To analyze anthropogenic paradynamic landscape complexes and anthropogenic paradynamic connections between them, GIS packages were used, with the help of databases the process of restructuring of natural paradynamic connections into anthropogenic and formation of anthropogenic paradynamic landscape complexes was analyzed. Results. Because the Trubizh water management landscape-technical system extends beyond one river valley (covering floodplain, floodplain terrace and slope types of areas), it unites the entire river basin into a single whole with the help of anthropogenic paradynamic connections. This poses a threat to the environment, as ill-considered economic activities can lead to the deterioration of the ecological condition of landscape complexes both within one basin and have a negative impact on adjacent basins. Factors in the functioning of paradynamic connections are due to the presence of external and internal links, contrast and spatial dependence between the interacting landscapes complexes. External anthropogenic paradynamic connections include: thermal – the effect of solar radiation on the landscape; mechanical – gravitational influence of watersheds on the low-lying channel-floodplain complex; aquatic – the influence of surface and groundwater on the supply of rivers and the chemical composition of water; social – the impact of economic activity. The internal anthropogenic paradynamic connections include: biocosnic (interaction between living and nonliving matter) and biotic (biocenosis interaction between components). Scientific novelty. The study of paradynamic connections in this complex natural economic structure will provide a better understanding of the features of its functioning and decline, to develop ways of rational use and predict its further development.

Development of the green economy in Sweden

In the last decade, the importance of the concept of green economy has increased both in the political and economic context. This concept covers a number of policy measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of economic activity on the environment. Sweden is one of the most ambitious economies actively working towards the development of a green economy. It showed other countries that it is possible to combine economic growth with a reduction in the carbon footprint. The country has the most comprehensive carbon tax, actively invests in the development of electric vehicles, 50 % of its electricity comes from renewable sources. While some countries are hesitating and lagging behind in their environmental programs, Sweden’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been to redouble efforts to transition to a green economy: increased spending aimed at decarbonization, energy efficiency, the creation of green technologies and environmental protection. Eco-innovation is a key element of Sweden’s national environmental policy strategy, and the country is the flagship among the countries of the world in the development of new technologies in such areas as bioenergy, smart power grids, eco-friendly construction, waste recycling, environmentally friendly transport, water management and solar energy. Also, the Swedish government actively subsidizes the green industry and helps polluting industries to reduce the negative impact on the environment. As a long-term climate goal, Sweden intends to achieve zero emissions into the atmosphere by 2045. In this article, the author analyzes the development of Sweden’s green economy in the economic and political spectrum.

Incorporating social benefits in optimal design of bioethanol supply chains: a case study in China

ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a new method of measuring social benefits of bioethanol supply chains, which considers job creation, biomass purchase and different impact of economic activities in different locations. A multi-objective MILP model is developed to address the optimal design of a bioethanol supply chain which maximizes both economic and social benefits. The ε-constraint method is employed, and a set of Pareto-optimal solutions is obtained. The developed model is applied to case studies in Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China. Actual data are collected as practical as possible for the feasibility and effectiveness of the result. The result shows the bioethanol supply chain can bring both economic and social benefits in the given area and offer governments a possible better and more efficient way to bring more social benefits. The effect of the government subsidy on enterprises’ decisions about economic and social benefits is discussed.

Socio-ecological and economic paradigm of sustainable development of rural territories of Ukraine

The article, based on a study of the key provisions of the concept of sustainable development and the essence of the concepts of «paradigm» and «system» found that the modern socio-ecological-economic paradigm is a system of selective views, compromises and actions of society. through available economic, institutional, financial, social mechanisms and tools to harmonize relations between the population, government and business. It is determined that the formation of socio-ecological-economic paradigm of sustainable development involves its territorial differentiation, which means the transition to a model that takes into account the economic and natural specifics of certain areas, ensuring a balance between economy, social sphere and ecology. It is proposed to consider the socio-ecological-economic paradigm of sustainable development according to the types of relationships formed between its components: economic-ecological, which provide for the impact of economic activity on the environment. Reflecting the impact of the environment on production conditions, form the raw material base; socio-economic relations provide the spheres of economic activity with labor resources, through which the research and production process takes place; socio-ecological reflect the interaction of the environment and society, their mutual influence. The purely economic ties that arise due to the influence of economic laws, and are the basis for the formation of certain patterns of economic processes and relations, and social ties that arise during the functioning of society and characterize the features and stages of social relations; institutional ties are formed in the process of historical development of the socio-economic environment in the context of reconciling the interests of social groups, etc. A scheme of sustainable development of rural areas as complex systems has been developed in three-dimensional space, which includes, depending on the availability of key links in the system and provides for deviations from its sustainable development.

АРЕАЛЫ НЕНАСЕЛЕННОСТИ: СТРУКТУРА И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ЗОНИРОВАНИЕ НА ПРИМЕРЕ СЕВЕРНОГО УРАЛА

The article studies unpopulated areas as testing grounds for the development of nature-oriented tourism. The purpose of the research is to investigate the structure and carry out functional zoning of the unpopulated area in the Northern Urals. The tasks are: 1). to define and concretize the term ‘unpopulated area’; 2). to analyze the structure and features of boundary delimitation for such areas; 3). to study the structure and features of the socio-economic functioning of the unpopulated area in the Northern Urals. The paper defines unpopulated areas as territories surrounding the poles of inaccessibility and limited on all sides by boundary objects, which include settlements, year-round roads or railways, the shoreline of navigable water bodies, as well as territories with ongoing economic activity with a change in the landscape type (agricultural land, industrial areas, etc.). The structure of unpopulated areas, expressed in the presence of a center and a periphery, has been studied. Approaches to the delimitation of the boundaries between the periphery and the center in such areas are proposed. There should be qualitative and quantitative differences between them. To reveal those, the impact of economic activity on the natural environment was graded into four levels. Accordingly, the center and the periphery are supposed to belong to different levels. In terms of quantitative differences, it is most logical to use the predominance of a specific level of economic activity in a separate section of the uninhabited area: if more than 50 % of the territory of a particular site belongs to the same level as the center, then this site belongs to the center; if less than 50 %, then ̶ to the periphery. The structure of the unpopulated area in the Northern Urals, which is heterogeneous and has two centers and a periphery, has been studied. The functional zoning of this area showed that there are five types of attendance zones on its territory, and the socio-economic functions of the area include: recreational and tourist, environmental, research, buffer, and economic.

GEOECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE RIVER OKONKA BASIN AND ITS OPTIMIZATION

The impact of economic activity on the environment can best be traced in the scale of small river basins. One of such rivers is the Okonka River, which flows through the territory of the former Manevychi (Kamin-Kashyrskyi according to the new administrative-territorial structure) district. Among the environmental problems of the basin, the most acute are: surface water pollution due to runoff from agricultural fields, livestock farms, unauthorized landfills, etc. Improving the geo-ecological condition of the Okonka River basin on the basis of ecologically safe sustainable development is an urgent problem of the territory's development. The Okonka River Basin is one of the least explored regions of the Volyn Region. Materials from the Regional Office of Water Resources in Volyn Oblast, the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Volyn Oblast State Administration, own expeditionary research, cartographic materials, electronic maps (Google Map, OpenStreetMap) and satellite images were used to prepare the publication. Also, more than 20 literature sources and electronic resources, laws and regulations of Ukraine in the field of rational use and protection of water resources were developed. The following methods were used during the research: collection and processing of archival, literary, graphic, cartographic and tabular material, regime quantitative and qualitative observations of river characteristics; field research of channel processes; mathematical and engineering calculations, mathematical modeling, analysis of anthropogenic impact on water resources of the studied region, constructive-geographical method and method of expert assessments. The natural conditions of the basin contribute to the settlement and development of the economy. Particularly favorable are the terrain, climate, inland waters. Within the basin there are 7 objects and territories of the nature reserve fund. The impact of anthropogenic activity on the river basin is quite significant. This is due to intensive agricultural and residential use, the development of drainage reclamation. The level of radiation pollution is assessed as "satisfactory", the use of land resources - "close to normal. The water quality of the Okonka River in the upper line (leak) is assessed by the second class of the third category (water is quite good in quality, quite clean in purity). The environmental index is 2.92. Environmental protection measures are proposed to improve the geoecological condition of the river basin. The complex of environmental protection measures should include: development of a local eco-network; creation of new and expansion of the network of existing nature reserves; improvement of the situation with waste management, elimination of spontaneous dumps; monitoring of soils to protect them from degradation and pollution; monitoring of surface waters in order to protect them from depletion and pollution; an inventory of drainage systems in order to establish the feasibility of further use in agricultural separate areas, the allocation of parts of the drainage systems that can be renaturalized in the future; prevention of peat and forest fires.
 Key words: river, river basin, geological condition of the river basin, geographical features of the basin, ecological assessment of river water quality, measures to improve the geoecological condition of the basin.

MECHANISMS FOR REGULATING ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN AGRIBUSINESS (THE CASE OF GEORGIA)

Natural resources are a national treasure which forms the material basis for the development of the country. Rational and complex use of these resources determines economic self-sufficiency of the country and raising the economic well-being of its population. A significant part of the progressive-minded people around the world agree that due to the impact of economic activities on the environment, the excessive and often irrational use of natural resources in the contemporary world, the present society faces with numerous local and global problems in terms of environmental pollution, which have become even more acute in recent years. Disturbance of the natural balance of the environment is closely connected to the intensification of agricultural activities. No other field of economic activity is so much related to the use of natural resources as agriculture. With the purpose to meet the needs of the society, agribusiness uses the resources that are available in nature and impacts the environment that results in a wider degradation of the latter. The scarcity of land, water and other types of resources is becoming more and more evident. The importance of normalization of the relationship between agribusiness and environment for maintaining ecological balance of the environment is increasing and this implies not the reduction of such activities, but a careful and saving attitude towards the environment. The protection of the environment and the rational use of natural resources along with the development of agriculture is an essential precondition for the sustainable development of our country. The present paper does not aim to fully assess the environmental problems caused by agribusiness. The paper assesses three important environmental problems – soil degradation, threats due to plant and animal waste, and threats from mineral fertilizers and chemicals. In addition, mechanisms for regulating these problems are provided.

До питання уніфікації шифрування стану водних басейнів при космічному зондуванні

До питання уніфікації шифрування стану водних басейнів при космічному зондуванні

Impact of economic activity on geoecological transformation of the basin of the Zhovtenka River (Ukraine)


 
 
 The article presents the results of the study on the current geoecological condi- tion of the basin of the Zhovtenka River. The study object corresponded to the criteria of a small river, having the length of 42 km and the area of the drainage basin of 293 km2. According to the geographic peculiarities and the level of anthropogenic impact it is a typical small river of the Ukrainian Steppe zone. At the current stage of water management, the river and its tributaries are significantly regulated by artificial aquatic objects – ponds and a water reservoir. The total number of hydrotechnical facilities that form the water bodies is 34 levees. On the river itself, average density of water bodies equals 1 pond per every 2 km of the river length. Such regula- tion contradicts the norms of the current water protection legislation of Ukraine. As a result of fragmentation, the river has turned into a cascade of evaporation ponds. Special ecological threat to water use is the quality of water in the ponds. We determined that due to absence of current and low water exchange, the saline content in water undergoes significant changes. During the field surveys, we collected samples and determined the parameters of mineralization, content of chlorides and sulfates in 10 water bodies. Sampling was carried out during the year in different seasons. We determined that the averaged parameters of mineralization level change within the range of 9.000 mg/dm 3 in spring to 13.000 mg/dm 3 in summer and autumn. The content of chlorides varies within 2.600-3.600 mg/dm 3, sulfates – 4.000-4.800 mg/dm 3 according to the similar seasonal dependence. Due to changes in the climatic conditions and current tendencies of warming and dry climate, decrease in the water resources heightens the risks of irreversible geoecological degradation of the river. Significant regulation and evaporation-caused loss of water leads to rapid shoaling of the water bodies and growth of aquatic-marsh vegetation. The authors suggest an approach to assessment of the level of geoecological transformation of the river basin based on determining quantitative parameters of the constituents of the elements of natural ecosystems and elements of negative anthropogenic impact. We proposed calculation of various coefficients (indicators) which alter the natural condition of water ecosystems, particularly: coefficients of fragmentation, coefficients of urbanization, coefficients of alienation, etc. We present a pos- sibility of using them in relation to the length of the river and hydrographic network, as well as the area of drainage. We determined that percentage parameter of geoecological impact was seen in 94.3% of the area of the drainage basin or 87.4% of the river length. We suggest approaches that would minimize the deleterious impact of economic activity and gradually restore the condition of aquatic ecosystem of the river. The article provides recommendations of using coefficients of geoecological transformation of river ecosystems.
 
 

ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK ON THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

In the transition to a circular economy, monitoring key trends and patterns is essential to understand how the various elements of the circular economy develop over time, identify Member States' success factors and to assess whether sufficient action has been taken. Thus, the EU Council, based on the results of the monitoring, must be based on setting new priorities for achieving the long-term goal of the circular economy in the future. The crisis caused by Covid-19 mitigates part of the impact of economic activities on the environment and climate. Thus, the transition to a more circular economy could bring benefits such as reducing pressure on the environment, improving security of supply of raw materials, increasing competitiveness, stimulating innovation, stimulating economic growth, creating jobs. The authors in this study analyze the European framework on the circular economy.