Impact Of Changes Research Articles

Abstract 4113951: Calcification Alters Luminal Surface Complexity in Cadaveric Left Anterior Descending Arteries

Background: Understanding the intricacies of luminal surface topographic changes in pathologic coronary arteries may yield insight not only on the efficacy of existing clinical interventions (e.g. impact of surface changes on stent anchoring), but also on the subsequent hemodynamic changes and pathophysiology of thrombus formation. In this study, we aim to detect and quantify luminal surface alterations induced by the presence of calcification in cadaveric left anterior descending arteries (LADs) using a novel approach–surface metrology. Methods: LADs (n=10) were harvested from cadaveric hearts using a systematic dissection approach, scanned using the Bruker Skyscan 1173 microCT scanner, and then underwent threshold-based image segmentation on Dragonfly by Object Research Systems to quantify the total calcium volume present throughout the vessel. Each specimen was then splayed open and up to 15 scans were performed at 20X magnification using the Sensofar S Neox optical profiler. Each scan subsequently underwent surface metrologic scale-sensitive fractal analyses in SensoMap 10. Results: Extent of calcification was standardized and expressed using the following ratio: total calcium volume by total vessel length (TC/VL). We considered a TC/VL ratio of 0-0.25 as low calcification and 0.26-0.5 as high calcification. Interestingly, our findings demonstrated statistically significant increases in smooth-rough crossover (SRC) and scale of maximum complexity (Smfc) with positive correlation, but reductions in fractal complexity (Lsfc) and fractal dimension (Dls) with negative correlation, in highly calcified compared to lowly calcified LADs. Conclusions: Our data suggests that the presence of calcium in the walls of LADs may translate to increased roughness in luminal surfaces generally, but smoothness over calcified plaques, locally. Our proposed mechanism is increased endothelial tension directly over areas of calcification, thus reducing surface complexity. Future studies will involve modeling blood flow using smooth particle hemodynamics (SPH) based on complete luminal and surface topographical geometries to evaluate the impact of these surface changes on hemodynamics.

Quantifying the impact of environmental changes on migratory species: a model perturbation framework

Migratory species use different habitats and pathways across their migratory route. Pathway contribution metrics are transient metrics of population growth, derived from population models, and quantify the predicted contribution of an individual, travelling along a specified migratory route, to the total population over a specified length of time. Environmental disturbances or management actions may occur temporally or spatially throughout the process of migration. The impact that a given perturbation may have on pathway contribution metrics is not always obvious owing to the propagation of the perturbation through the migratory cycle. Here, we develop a general modelling framework that incorporates perturbations into a class of matrix migratory population models, and which quantifies the effect that perturbations to the model, in terms of the transition rates of habitats and pathways, have on pathway contribution metrics. We also detail how to calculate the sensitivity of pathway contribution metrics to the perturbations considered. Our framework may be used to provide insights into the impact that environmental disturbances or management actions have on migratory populations. These insights may be used to inform management actions which either buffer against possible deleterious disturbances or increase the population size through targeted interventions. Our theoretical results are illustrated via hypothetical examples and a model inspired by the monarch butterfly; we uncover results that are not clear from the calculation of the pathway contribution metrics alone.

Abstract Su507: Occurrence of Fibrillation in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Presenting in a Non-shockable Rhythm when Treated with an Automated External Defibrillator

Background: Most out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients who are initially treated with an automated external defibrillator (AED) and present in a non-shockable rhythm never receive a shock. This analysis reports on patients who presented in a non-shockable rhythm when the AED was initially applied and later transitioned into a shockable rhythm. Methods: Data from a convenience group of OHCA patients treated with a Philips HeartStart Home, Onsite or FRx AED were included. The AEDs were the first defibrillator on scene either in home, in public access or by a BLS team. Application of any medication during AED use was unlikely. Each patient’s heart rhythms were reviewed by an expert. All patients whose initial rhythm was non-shockable but later received at least one shock were identified and the rhythms were analyzed. Results: Out of 876 patients, 322 (36.8%) received at least one shock, of which five patients (1.6%) presented in a non-shockable rhythm and were later shocked. Three patients presented in an organized rhythm. The first patient degraded into Torsade de Pointe as shown in Figure 1; the post-shock rhythm was organized. The second patient received no CPR and A-V pacing was observed in the ECG recording. The pacing stopped when the rhythm transitioned into VF and restarted post shock. The third patient transitioned into VF during chest compressions and the post-shock rhythm was asystole. The remaining two patients presented in asystole and the rhythm evolved to fine VF after receiving chest compressions. After defibrillation, their rhythms returned to asystole. Conclusions: For OHCA patients treated with an AED, presenting in a non-shockable rhythm and later transitioning into a shockable rhythm is rare but possible. Lay-responder CPR may play a role in rhythm evolvement. The impact of rhythm changes on survivability of these patients is unknown.

Evaluating the impact of climate change on yield and water use efficiency of different dry-season rice varieties cultivated under conventional and alternate wetting and drying conditions.

This study is the first attempt to assess rice cultivation under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) using the latest scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), utilizing AquaCrop Model. Field experiments were conducted during the dry season 2023 to get the model calibration and validation input. We used two shared socioeconomic pathways scenarios (SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5) developed within Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and projected the rice growth during 2040-2070. The simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of AquaCrop in capturing crop development across treatments and varieties. This model's accuracy in simulating canopy cover (nRMSE = 14-32.5%), time series biomass (nRMSE = 22-42.5%), grain yield (Pd = 4.36-24.38%), and total biomass (nRMSE = 0.39-18.98%) was generally acceptable. The analysis of future climate shows an increasing trend in the monthly average temperature by 0.8°C (Tmin) and 1.3°C (Tmax) in both scenarios. While ETo values were not anticipated, rainfall was expected to increase with average values of 5.62mm to 11.25mm. In addition, the study found that varieties with growing periods longer than 93days after transplanting (DAT), such as CAR15 and Sen Kra Ob, were most impacted by heat stress conditions, leading to reduced yield, harvest index (HI), and water use efficiency (WUE). In our case, CAR15 and Sen Kra Ob grain yields were reduced by 53% and 8%, respectively. AWD maintains superior WUE compared with CF regardless of the type of varieties, suggesting this technique is a drought-adaptive strategy.

Research on building a biochar production model from agricultural by-products in Gia Lai province

ABSTRACT The impact of climate change on ecosystems and agricultural systems, particularly in key agricultural areas like the Central Highlands of Vietnam, has caused severe soil degradation, water depletion, and desertification, directly affecting productivity and livelihoods. Sustainable agricultural solutions, especially biochar, have gained attention due to their ability to improve soil fertility, retain moisture, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This research focuses on developing a biochar production model from agricultural by-products in Gia Lai to meet both domestic and export needs. Biochar was produced through the pyrolysis of coffee by-products, including stems, branches, and fruit husks. The study employs 10 brick kilns (90 m³ capacity) for stems and branches, and 15 steel kilns (300 kg/batch capacity) for fruit husks and leaves. The biochar produced meets export quality standards, with a fixed carbon content ≥70.0%, ash content ≤3.0%, and calorific value ≥7,000 Kcal/kg. Additionally, biochar is combined with the biological agent Trichoderma to produce 1,000 tons of organic microbial fertilizer, surpassing national standards for organic matter content (≥15%) and Trichoderma density (≥1.0x10⁶ CFU/g). Biochar production from agricultural waste not only reduces waste but also contributes to sustainable agriculture in the Central Highlands. The research results show great potential for expanding biochar production models, improving soil health, reducing farming costs, and increasing farmers' income.

The whole-body and skeletal muscle metabolic response to 14 days of highly controlled low energy availability in endurance-trained females.

This study investigated the effects of 14 days low energy availability (LEA) versus optimal energy availability (OEA) in endurance-trained females on substrate utilization, insulin sensitivity, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity; and the impact of metabolic changes on exercise performance. Twelve endurance-trained females (V̇O2max 55.2 ± 5.1 mL × min-1 × kg-1) completed two 14-day randomized, blinded, cross-over, controlled dietary interventions: (1) OEA (51.9 ± 2.0 kcal × kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1 × day-1) and (2) LEA (22.3 ± 1.5 kcal × kg FFM-1 × day-1), followed by 3 days OEA. Participants maintained their exercise training volume during both interventions (approx. 8 h × week-1 at 79% heart rate max). Skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity, glycogen, and maximal activity of CS, HAD, and PFK were unaltered with LEA. 20-min time trial endurance performance was impaired by 7.8% (Δ -16.8 W, 95% CI: -23.3 to -10.4, p < .001) which persisted following 3 days refueling post-LEA (p < .001). Fat utilization was increased post-LEA as evidenced by: (1) 99.4% (p < .001) increase in resting plasma free fatty acids (FFA); (2) 270% (p = .007) larger reduction in FFA in response to acute exercise; and (3) 28.2% (p = .015) increase in resting fat oxidation which persisted during submaximal exercise (p < .001). These responses were reversed with 3 days refueling. Daily glucose control (via CGM), HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, were unaffected by LEA. Skeletal muscle O2 utilization and carbohydrate availability were not limiting factors for aerobic exercise capacity and performance; therefore, whether LEA per se affects aspects of training quality/recovery requires investigation.

Outcomes of transitioning from mandatory to elective research at a dental school in Southern California.

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a curricular change from mandatory to elective research on the student research outcomes at a Southern California Dental School over ten years. Additionally, the perception of dental students and faculty toward research in dental education was assessed. A survey was distributed to determine the perception towards research in dental education, motivation and barriers for pursuing research and the possibility participants would pursue research-even if the school did not mandate it. The survey was distributed to a total of 507 dental students and 121 full-time faculty. Both dental students (80.6%) and faculty (91.4%) agreed that learning about research is important in dental education. Both cohorts generally agreed that research experience enhances dental training, supports the scientific basis of dental treatment methods, and correlates with clinical ability. The majority of students (77.0%) disagreed with mandating research while faculty (77.6%) believed that it should be mandated. Lack of time was the single most stated barrier for participating in research. The overall trend during the transition from mandatory to elective research showed that initially there was a stark drop in students and faculty participation and projects being carried out. However, with deliberate planning, research outcomes steadily increased. We conclude that dental students and faculty have a positive perspective on the importance of research in dental education and actively engage in research and mentoring activities when provided with a supportive and encouraging environment. This participation occurs regardless of whether research is mandated or elective.

Impact of climate change on vegetation growth trends in a citrus farmland in the south-eastern Sicily

Abstract. The environmental repercussions of climate change triggered substantial alterations in existing ecosystem balances leading to a gradual reduction in biodiversity and the increasing degradation of soil and the built environment. This has a direct effect on agricultural production in particular, leading to increased crop water requirements, the spread of new pests and pathogens that are difficult to manage, and, thus, a general reduction in productivity. Through the analysis of multispectral data remotely sensed with latest generation of optical sensors (RGB, thermal, NIR and multi-spectral cameras), it is possible to recognize the health status and growth stages of crops. In fact, in relation to the amount of radiation reflected in the different bands it is possible to calculate spectral indices, or vegetation indices. The main vegetative indices are NDVI, SAVI, MSAVI2, GNDVI and NDRE, which are calculated by differentially combining the ultraviolet spectrum, the visible range, and the near and mid-infrared band.In this paper the outcomes of a multi-year monitoring of a citrus grove field near Rosolini (Syracuse), in south-eastern Sicily-Italy, are presented. This monitoring activity was conducted to highlight areas of productive greenery under stress, on which to act as a priority with specific agronomic interventions. In parallel with the direct monitoring phases of the citrus grove, the trend of average monthly and annual temperature and precipitation values over the past 24 years was also studied to more specifically contextualize the possible presence of significant variations in climatic trends and relate them to the results returned by the calculation of the indices.

Determining the impact of anthropogenic activities and climate change on landslide susceptibility for the Himalayan region

Determining the impact of anthropogenic activities and climate change on landslide susceptibility for the Himalayan region

Enhancing the Predictability of Wintertime Energy Demand in The Netherlands Using Ensemble Model Prophet-LSTM

Energy demand forecasting is crucial for maintaining stable and affordable energy supplies, especially for vulnerable populations most affected by shortages and high costs. In the Netherlands, transmission system operator TenneT has raised concerns about potential electricity shortages by 2030. Rising energy prices and the impact of climate change on the energy demand further complicate today’s energy market. Policymakers lack clear insights into demand patterns, which complicates the optimization of energy use and the protection of at-risk communities. Accurate and timely forecasts are essential for addressing these issues and supporting sustainable energy management. This research focuses on enhancing the accuracy and lead time of wintertime energy demand forecasts in the Netherlands using advanced machine learning. The ensemble model Prophet-LSTM is trained on hourly load consumption data combined with climate change-related and energy price predictors. The results demonstrate significant improvements over baseline models, achieving a Pearson correlation coefficient of r=0.93 compared to r=0.50 in prior studies, as well as accurate forecasts up to 180 days ahead, compared to 2 months. Incorporating climate change-related predictors is challenging due to multicollinearity, highlighting the importance of careful predictor selection. Including energy price predictors yielded modest yet hopeful results, suggesting their ability to optimize energy demand forecasting.

The economic and financial performance of biogas production: a retrospective analysis of the French case

Purpose While numerous studies have focused on the economic impact of technical changes made to anaerobic digestion plants, there is limited understanding of the overall economic and financial performance of the biogas production units. This study aims to analyse the economic and financial performance of the biogas production sector over a 5-year period using various accounting indicators. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on an examination of financial data of French biogas units over a five-year period (2015–2019). Following a research protocol detailed in the study, 334 units were studied: 192 projects run by farmers, 83 projects run by industrial companies and 59 run by a mixed partnership (farmers, local authorities, and industry). Findings This study reveals that biogas production is performing well both economically and financially, but the performance varies depending on the type of producer: farmers better perform from an economic point of view, while industrialists are looking for financial profitability. Farmers exploit their competitive advantage based on waste disposal. Industrialists offset this disadvantage by a better ability to raise funds to negotiate payment terms and interest rates. Originality/value The originality of the study lies in its business approach. It completes the energy efficiency one which is more usual in energy sector management publications. Additionally, the study spans a five-year period, providing a longitudinal perspective of companies’ economic and financial performance. Furthermore, the data is sourced from reliable government sources.

Blade tip clearance measurement method based on blade tip timing without the once per revolution sensor

Abstract The rotor blade tip clearance (BTC) of an aeroengine is a critical parameter that significantly impacts its performance and safety. Accurately determining dynamic BTC has been a focal point of research in experimental testing. Among the effective measurement methods for dynamic BTC, the laser triangulation method based on blade tip timing (BTT) stands out. However, this method typically relies on an once-per-revolution (OPR) sensor for rotor speed and blade serial number information during measurement, leading to increased installation and maintenance costs as well as additional measurement uncertainties. In response to this challenge, this paper presents two signal processing method that eliminate the need for an OPR sensor. The first method, referred to as "none OPR method 1," closely follows the measurement principles of the traditional method but employs a skewed dual light probe (SDLP) signal to extract rotational speed information, thus obviating the need for an OPR sensor. The second method, "none OPR method 2," introduces a novel data processing approach that enables BTC determination without any source of rotor speed information. Both methods utilize dynamic and static BTC matching techniques to identify blade serial numbers and achieve BTC measurement without an OPR sensor on a simulated rotor experimental bench. Comparative analysis with traditional method BTC measurements reveals that, under stable rotor speeds, all methods achieve similar levels of accuracy and repeatability errors within 0.025mm. However, when dealing with variable speed conditions, the traditional method's accuracy is significantly affected. None OPR method 1 mitigates the impact of rotor speed changes to some extent, while none OPR method 2 remains unaffected by such changes. Importantly, both none OPR methods demonstrate the capability to measure blade-by-blade tip clearances akin to the traditional method.

Perspective on Regional Sea-level Change and Coastal Impacts

Perspective on Regional Sea-level Change and Coastal Impacts

Impact of Seasonal Changes on Avifauna Diversity in Nguru Wetland, Yobe State, Nigeria

The research on impact of seasonal changes on avifauna diversity in Nguru Lake of Hadejia-Nguru Wetland was carried out in two different seasons for the period of six 6 months, from April to June (dry season) and July to September (wet season). The aim was to evaluate the impact of seasonal changes on avifauna diversity and the species richness in the study area. A reconnaissance survey was carried out to select study sites and sampling points. Five (5) different points were selected which comprises of Madauka, Kayayyashi, Farin Ruwa, Badum and Guzan respectively and Point count census techniques were adopted. In each counting station, bird observation was carried out twice daily; morning between 6:00 am and 10:00 am and evening between 4:00 pm and 6:00 pm. Data compilation was done using Microsoft Excel and were analysed using statistical software Past 326b. Bird diversity was calculated using Shanon-Weiner diversity index. The findings of this research showed that the majority of birds identified were Resident species (12,225 individual birds), Migratory species (8,186 individual birds) and Palearctic Migrants (10,876 individual) species in the study area. Dominant bird species in Nguru lake were Philomachus pugnax, Actophilornis africanus and Phalacrocorax africanus. A total of 5,538 individual birds’ was identified (Dry Season) in Nguru lake ‘’ belonging to 21 families in which Ardeidae family had the highest (7) species of bird. Shannon Diversity Index’ has 2.55 in dry season, while in Wet Season’ has 3.40. This indicated that there was relatively equal and high diversity of bird species in Wet Season in the study area and has the total species richness of 6,711. Overgrazing and other anthropogenic activities which affect the population diversity of avifauna species serve as major threats to the continued existence of Wetlands. Typha grass also remained pressing problem which create microhabitats reducing critical habitat for feeding, nesting and roosting habitat for birds, as well as hampers the smooth flow of water used by many water bird species. In view of the findings of this study, effective monitoring and strategies for conservation to restore the population of bird species, provide public enlightenment of the people around the wetland and management of Hadejia-Nguru Wetland promptly advice the significant importance of the wetland in serving as home for resident and migratory birdspecies.

TMIC-15. GUT MICROBIOTA CONTROLS NEUROFIBROMATOSIS-1 (NF1) OPTIC GLIOMA GROWTH THROUGH IMMUNE CIRCUIT MODULATION

Abstract Changes in the gut microbiome can have profound effects on the nervous system through modulation of T cell and microglia function. Since our prior studies demonstrated that T cells and microglia positively regulate low-grade glioma growth through the establishment of T cell-microglia immune circuit, we sought to explore the impact of changes in the gut microbiota on tumor biology. For these studies, genetically engineered Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) optic glioma (Nf1-OPG) mice were raised in a germ-free environment or treated with antibiotics to deplete gut bacteria. First, we demonstrated that Nf1-OPG mice raised in a germ-free (gnotobiotic) environment or treated with specific antibiotics lacked optic gliomas and had improved OPG-induced retinal pathology (increased retinal nerve fiber layer thickness). Second, germ-free and antibiotic-treated Nf1-OPG mice gavaged with fecal microbiota from Nf1-OPG mice raised in a standard barrier facility restored optic glioma growth. Third, we showed that both germ-free and antibiotic-treated Nf1-OPG mice exhibited reduced intra-tumoral CD8+ T cell content resulting from decreased microglia chemokine production. Fourth, we discovered a gut-brain paracrine axis whose interruption reduced optic glioma growth and attenuated retinal nerve fiber layer thinning. Collectively, these findings establish a mechanistic relationship between the gut microbiota and brain tumor growth relevant to potential therapeutic interventions for pediatric low-grade gliomas.

Study on the impact of humidity on dust dispersion in open-pit mining under different environmental temperatures

To investigate the impact of changes in environmental temperature and humidity on the dust migration patterns during the open-pit mining and loading process, a 1:1 simulation model of open-pit mining and loading was established using SCDM software, based on actual working conditions. Fluent software was used to study the airflow velocity field and dust migration patterns under different temperature and humidity conditions. The simulation results were validated by on-site measurements of dust concentration, with the error values at selected measurement points all within 20%. The results indicate that as relative humidity increases, the dust dispersion capacity decreases, with a more significant reduction in high-temperature environments. Dust concentration is higher in the plane at heights of 3 m to 6 m, and dust tends to accumulate within a range of approximately 10–15 m around the ore transport vehicle. As relative humidity increases from 20% to 80%, the dust concentration within the height range of 3–6 m gradually decreases. At lower environmental temperatures, dust is less likely to settle and tends to move upwards above 6 m. As the environmental temperature increases, dust tends to settle near the ore transport vehicle.

Climate Change and Fiscal Response: Analysis of Regional Expenditure in Java Island

This study investigates the impact of climate change on regional fiscal policy in Java, Indonesia, focusing on how temperature and rainfall changes influence fiscal spending. Using secondary data from the ERA5 Satellite (2008–2020) and fiscal data from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan/DJPK), this research examines 113 districts/cities on Java Island. Climate change indicators—average temperature and rainfall—serve as independent variables, while regional fiscal spending on climate-related initiatives is the dependent variable. Panel data analysis is conducted using three regression models: common effect (OLS), fixed effect, and random effect models, with the Chow and Hausmann tests to identify the most appropriate model. Results indicate a positive relationship between climate change (temperature and rainfall) and increased fiscal spending for climate adaptation and mitigation. The findings support the hypothesis that regions with higher temperatures and increased rainfall experience greater climate-related fiscal spending, highlighting the urgency for such measures in areas farther from the equator.

Impact of new regulatory policies on photovoltaic energy projects in Brazil: a case study for the State of Mato Grosso do Sul

This study analyzed the impact of regulatory changes on the implementation of photovoltaic solar energy projects in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, focusing on the amendments introduced by Law 14.300. The research explored solar generation conditions in various regions, highlighting the influence of geographic location on the productivity of photovoltaic systems. Using fuzzy logic, the attractiveness of solar energy was assessed in different scenarios, relating variables such as productivity, tariffs, and consumption. The results indicate that increases in productivity and tariffs are positively correlated with the attractiveness of solar energy. Additionally, an average increase in the payback period was observed in response to the new regulations. However, specific conditions, such as reduced installation costs, were identified that could mitigate this increase in payback. The study highlighted that adapting to the new regulatory policies could open significant opportunities for distributed generation, particularly in the agricultural sector, contributing to the energy and economic sustainability of the Mato Grosso do Sul region. Fuzzy logic was essential for modeling decision support systems, enabling a precise analysis of the regulatory policies' implications for the economic viability of solar energy projects.

Species Distribution Modeling of Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Under Current and Future Climates, with a Special Focus on Latvia and Ukraine

This study assesses the impact of climate change on the distribution of Ixodes ricinus, which transmits Lyme disease, a growing public health concern. Utilizing ensemble models from the R package ‘flexsdm’ and climate data from WorldClim, ENVIREM, and CliMond, we project habitat suitability changes for the focus species. The models, validated against Lyme disease incidence rates, predict a 1.5-fold increase in suitable habitats in Latvia, contrasted with a 4.5-fold decrease in suitable habitats within Ukraine over the coming decades. SHAP values are analyzed to determine the most influential climatic features affecting tick distribution, providing insights for future vector control and disease prevention strategies. The optimal bioclimatic environment for I. ricinus seems to be an intricate balance of moderate temperatures, high humidity, and sufficient rainfall (bio7, 14, 18, 29). Also, radiation during the wettest quarter (bio24) significantly influences tick distribution in northern countries. This implies an increased presence of ticks in Scandinavian countries, Baltic states, etc. These findings largely coincide with our projections regarding bioclimatic suitability for ticks in Latvia and Ukraine. These shifts reflect broader patterns of vector redistribution driven by global warming, highlighting the urgent need to adapt public health planning to the evolving landscape of vector-borne diseases under climate change.

Strengthening resilience: the role of institutions in facilitating local agricultural adaptation to the impact of climate change in Tanzania

Building resilience in areas susceptible to climatic hazards is widely recognised as a critical strategy. This article offers valuable insights into the contribution of institutions to supporting smallholder farmers in building resilience against the effects of climate change. Data for this article was collected from Manzase and Haneti villages in Chamwino district in Dodoma region, Tanzania. The study adopted a qualitative approach and deployed key informant interviews and focus group discussions for data collection. The result showed that institutions that operate in the villages under study which include agricultural extension agencies, Non-Governmental organisations, private companies and village governments, have played such roles as providing drought-resistant seeds, disseminating seasonal weather forecast information and supporting the establishment of income diversification activities to farmers. Furthermore, the institution facilitated agroforestry farming through natural tree regeneration and ensured access to crop markets and loans for farm inputs. These roles have contributed to reducing crop loss due to drought and rainfall unreliability, enhanced household income, and allowed households access to food during drought-induced crop failure. The study also revealed that institutional linkages are crucial in comprehensively addressing challenges faced by smallholder farmers, thereby building their livelihood resilience. This paper argues that strong institutional support is essential for farmers to build resilience against climate change.