Immune PID Control Research Articles

Temperature monitoring system of beer fermentation and brewing based on immune fuzzy PID controller

AbstractBeer is one of the popular drinks, the temperature control in the process of beer fermentation plays a crucial role. The current temperature control method mainly uses the traditional PID control, but its control adjustment time is long, the overshoot is large, the control effect still needs to be improved. A beer fermentation and brewing temperature monitoring system based on immune fuzzy PID controller was designed in this experiment. Immune fuzzy PID controller is a nonlinear controller, which combines the advantages of traditional PID controller and fuzzy controller and refers to the regulatory mechanism of biological immune system, and obtains good suitable characteristics by controlling the parameter values of the system. PID converts the rule information into fuzzy information by fuzzy basic theory and stores it in computer database. By referring to the actual situation of PID, the computer uses fuzzy reasoning to adjust the PID parameters. The beer fermentation temperature monitoring system based on the traditional PID controller is compared with the proposed system. Under the control of the designed temperature monitoring system, the temperature has a certain effect on the fermentation speed of beer. The fermentation time of high temperature fermentation (16°C) is 3 days shorter than that of normal temperature fermentation (10°C). The robustness and applicability of the system are verified.

Fractional-Order PID Controller Based on Immune Feedback Mechanism for Time-Delay Systems

The control of processes with time delays is crucial in process industries such as petrochemical, hydraulic, and manufacturing. It is a challenging task for automation engineers, as it may affect both phase and gain margins. In this case, a robust control system is preferred. This article presents a novel controller structure combining computational intelligence (CI) and fractional-order control. A fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller based on a bio-inspired immune feedback mechanism (IFM) is developed for controlling processes described as first-order plus time-delay systems (FOPTD). A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the controller parameters. Fractional-order control has been used to give extra flexibilities and an immune feedback mechanism for its self-adaptability. Numerical simulations are presented to validate the proposed control strategy in terms of reference tracking and disturbance rejection. Comparative simulation results with an immune integer-order PID controller are also included to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed fractional-order method.

Design and FPGA Implementation of Immune-PID Controller Based on BBO Algorithm for Heart Rate Regulation

Design and FPGA Implementation of Immune-PID Controller Based on BBO Algorithm for Heart Rate Regulation

Identification and Control of Elongation System of Skin Passing Mill Based on Intelligent Algorithm

In view of the nonlinear, time-varying and time-delay characteristics of elongation control system of skin pass mill, according to analysis of the mechanism model of elongation control system of skin pass mill, BP neural network was used to identify the structural parameters of the model. With reference to the regulating function of biological immune system and the function of fuzzy reasoning logic which can approach nonlinear function, a fuzzy immune PID control strategy was proposed to improve the elongation control accuracy of skin pass mill combining fuzzy control and immune feedback mechanism with traditional PID control. The simulation results show that the control strategy has the advantages of small overshoot, fast response, strong anti-interference ability and robustness, and the control effect is better than the traditional control method.

NSGA-II-Based Parameter Tuning Method and GM(1,1)-Based Development of Fuzzy Immune PID Controller for Automatic Train Operation System

Automatic train operation (ATO) system is one of the important components in advanced train operation control systems. Ideal controllers are expected for the automatic driving function of ATO systems. Aiming at the intelligence requirements of the systems, an NSGA-II-based parameter tuning method for the fuzzy immune PID (FI-PID) controller and a grey model GM(1,1)-based fuzzy grey immune PID (FGI-PID) controller were proposed. Taking a maglev train’s model as the control object and a velocity-time curve as the input, the feasibility of the parameter tuning method for the FI-PID controller and the applicability of the FI-PID controller and the FGI-PID controller for the ATO system were tested. The results showed that the optimized parameters were ideal, the two controllers all showed good performance on the indicators of traceability and comfort level, and the FGI-PID controller performed better than the FI-PID controller. The results exhibited the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

A Design of Fuzzy Immune PID Controller for Six-rotor UAV Under Gyroscopic Effect

The six-rotor UAV has the characteristics of vertical take-off and landing, air hovering and large carrying capacity, which can accomplish tasks that cannot be completed by many fixed-wing aircrafts. In recent years, the research of dynamic modelling and control methods of the six-rotor UAV has gradually become hot topics at home and abroad. Considering the gyroscopic effect of the blade, a more accurate dynamic model of the six-rotor UAV is established, and then combined with the feedback mechanism of the biological immune system and the fuzzy control theory, a fuzzy immune PID controller is designed to optimize the parameters of the traditional PID controller, which can perform self-tuning of PID parameters. The position and attitude control of the UAV under hovering state is simulated by Matlab/Simulink software. The results show that compared with the conventional PID controller and fuzzy PID controller, the control system has the advantages of better dynamic and static performance such as shorter response time, smaller overshoot and improves the anti-interference ability and robustness of the system.

Immune Feedback Strategy in an Electronic Throttle Control System

The control strategy for improving the emission performance of engine transition condition is explored to enhance the dynamic response characteristics of the electronic throttle control system of automobile engines. A strong nonlinear relationship exists among the return spring, gear backlash, throttle shaft, and throttle body friction of the electronic throttle electromechanical system, thereby affecting the dynamic response characteristics of the engine electronic throttle under various operating conditions. On the basis of the nonlinear electronic throttle electromechanical system, a corresponding mathematical model is established to study the electronic throttle control system. Then, fuzzy and immune feedback control algorithms are applied to the motion control of the electronic throttle system on the basis of intelligent control because of its advantages of strong anti-disturbance ability, strong robustness, and applicability to nonlinear control systems. The immune feedback control algorithm is characterized by a rapid response in the control system. The influence of nonlinearity of the electronic throttle system on the control effect is discussed in this paper. The fuzzy immune PID controller is designed on the basis of the classical control algorithm PID for control precision and response of the system. The fuzzy control algorithm's adaptability to the nonlinear system improves the response performance of the electronic throttle system, and the immune feedback algorithm enhances the response efficiency of the control system. The response characteristics of electronic throttle is further explored. Experimental results show that the response speed of the fuzzy immune PID control system and speed adjustment of the dynamic characteristics of indicators have clear advantages over those of the PID and fuzzy PID control system. The controller is conducive to the improvement of the electronic throttle response characteristics. Improving the power, economy, and emissions of vehicles has important significance.

Immune PID controller based on differential evolution algorithm for heart rate regulation

Immune PID controller based on differential evolution algorithm for heart rate regulation

New Smith predictive fuzzy immune PID control algorithm for MIMO networked control systems

Aiming at the problem of network-induced delays for multi-input multi-output networked control systems (MIMO NCS), a new Smith predictive fuzzy immune PID algorithm is introduced to effectively reduce the adverse effect of network-induced delays about stability in MIMO NCS, firstly, by using the v-norm type to decouple the coupling plant. Based on the generalized plant after decoupling, the new Smith predictor is designed. Then, an modified fuzzy immune feedback control algorithm is used to tune PID controller parameters online. When there is a model mismatch or parameter perturbation, the set-point tracking performance and robustness of output response can be significantly optimized. The proposed algorithm does not contain the network delay prediction model and does not need to measure, estimate, or identify the network delay. It can be used in MIMO NCS where the network bandwidth is constrained and the network-induced delays are large. Numerical examples with Ethernet protocol are built to illustrate the correctness and effectiveness of this new algorithm.

Comparison of Performance of Optimized Varela Immune Controller and PID Controller for Control of Time-Delay Process

Varela immune controller is a kind of nonlinear controller, which is said to have good anti-delay capabilities. We compare the performance of simulated annealing optimized improved Varela immune controller and optimized PID controller for controlling a process with very long time delay (approximation of biomass-fired boiler temperature control). The results confirm that Varela immune controller is indeed capable of stabilizing the process while being very robust even to extreme changes in process parameters (time constant and time delay). In addition to that, it is also found out that properly (optimally) tuned PID controller is capable of achieving similar performance. The problem of controller tuning is relevant for both controllers but there are no tuning rules for immune controllers, which might favor the use of conventional PID controller. On the other hand, Varela controller has greater flexibility due to its more complex structure, which might help to adapt it to some special kinds of processes.

Study on Fuzzy Immune PID Controller for Main Steam Pressure Control System in Marine Steam Power Plant

The main steam pressure control system in marine steam power plant has the characteristics of time-varying, nonlinear and strong coupling. In order to get satisfactory control effect, we propose a fuzzy immune PID controller with which we can make comprehensive utilization of advantages of artificial immune, PID and fuzzy controller. We build up mathematical model of main steam pressure control system, carry out simulation and comparison. The results prove that fuzzy immune PID controller can significantly reduce the overshoot and settling time of main steam pressure. It is more effective in main steam pressure control system than PID controller.

Application of Fuzzy Immune PID Controller Based on Particle Swarm Optimization in Power Plant Steam Temperature Control System

Power plant steam temperature control has characteristics of long delay and great inertia, a new method is proposed by analyzing above-mentioned problems and existing control methods on this paper. The method consists of an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and a fuzzy immune PID controller. In addition, simulation results of PID, traditional fuzzy immune PID and fuzzy immune PID based on PSO are presented and compared. Fuzzy immune PID Control based on PSO has advantages of short adjustment time, quicker response time, better anti-interference ability and more stability. It can reduce the fluctuation of power plant steam temperature, and has better control performance and practical value.

A New Intelligent Controller for Parallel DC/DC Converters

In this paper, the immune controller, is used to control the paralleled DC-DC converters. A PID controller is first applied and its coefficient is optimized using an intelligent (PSO) algorithm. Immune controller is then added to PID controller and an immune PID controller is formed. Two methods have been suggested to determine non-linear behavior of immune controller. In the first method, an exponential function is suggested and its unknown coefficient is optimized using PSO algorithm. In the second method, fuzzy logic has been used. Performance of the proposed control methods in the presence of various disturbances is investigated over a sample paralleled DC-DC converter and the effectiveness of the applied immune controller is verified with the comparison of simulation results. The results show the improvement of system performance with Immune PID controller by the two suppression function in comparison with the PID controller.

Study on Improved Fuzzy Immune PID Controller for Maglev Transportation System with Track Irregularity

Track irregularity is one of the most important aspects of the suspension control performance impact in maglev transportation system (MTS). Due to the track irregularity phenomenon of suspension system, the Fuzzy PID(F-PID) control is unable to accurately track irregularity of track changes. Based on the qualitative analysis to MTS, through modifying conventional F-PID controller, the article establishes Fuzzy Immune PID(FI-PID) Controller based on the biological immune system theory. The control strategy designed nonlinear P controller, using the immune algorithm of on-line adjustment of P and the fuzzy control approximating the nonlinear function of the immune P control parameters and the fuzzy control designed the ID controller for adjusting the parameters of I and D for enhancing the robust performance of the suspension system and adapting to the change of track irregularity. Simulation results show that the FI-PID control is confirmed more effectively to realize tracking compared with F-PID, faster response speed, more simple structure, easier operation for the track interference and load disturbance of the suspension system. This provides a very good way to solve the interference problem of orbit of the maglev transportation system.

Research on Temperature Control System of Fruit and Vegetable Processing Line Based on Fuzzy Immune PID

Temperature control has direct effect on mouth feel of fruit and vegetable processing products. This paper, by analyzing the control requirements of cucumber slices processing water temperature, proposes to control the water temperature for cucumber slice processing production line by using fuzzy immune PID. With the features of time-varying, nonlinear and hysteretic nature for temperature control, this paper designs fuzzy immune PID controller by borrowing the regulating action of immune system and linking the advantages of immune PID controller.

Missile Autopilot Design Based on Fuzzy Self-Tuning Immune PID Control

A design of the fuzzy self-tuning immune PID controller is proposed. The controller, which combines immune feedback mechanism and fuzzy PID control, executes the self-tuning of PID parameters in the control system. A simulation experiment is presented in light of a tactical missile autopilot transfer function. Simulation result shows that the performance of fuzzy self-tuning immune PID controller is better than that of fuzzy PID controller, especially in its robust performance for variable parameter system.

Fuzzy Immune PID Control of Hydraulic System Based on PSO Algorithm

This paper takes the permanent magnet servo motor-driven hydraulic system as the research object. The hydraulic system power source uses servo motor instead of the original asynchronous motor, becoming a new energy-saving, fast response, and easy to realize closed-loop control hydraulic power systems. Aiming at variability of the load for the hydraulic system, immune algorithm is introduced to incremental PID controller and derive control law. Using fuzzy strategy approximating antibodies inhibit adjustment function to enhance the stability and robustness of the system, and designing fuzzy immune PID controller, parameters of controller are self-optimized by particle swarm (PSO) algorithm. This controller is applied to a hydraulic system, and achieved the precise control of the system flow in a variety of typical conditions. Simulation results show that: the controller can immune modulate automatically according to the dynamic changes of load of the hydraulic system, with fast tracking, small overshoot, and strong robustness advantages.

The Research of Manipulator’s Hydraulic Driven System on Fuzzy Immune PID Control

A manipulator's hydraulic driven system is an uncertain and nonlinear complex dynamics. Its research is not much at present. The report designed an electro-hydraulic driven control program that high speed on/off valve is worked as the pilot valve for logical cone valve, making up hydraulic driven system of high-power manipulator. For its control problem such as complex, uncertain and nonlinear dynamic, use a fuzzy immune PID control method that the PID controller parameters are on-line tuned by immune feedback mechanism and fuzzy reasoning respectively. With the harsh conditions of the square wave as an input signal, respectively examine response curve of the system using control strategy of the traditional PID and the fuzzy immune PID. Simulation results show that fuzzy immune PID obtains better control performance and robustness, and is superior to the traditional PID. It is fit for control of hydraulic driven system for manipulator.

The Research on Vehicle Anti-Braking System Control Algorithm Based on Immune PID Control

Because the classic PID control doesn’t satisfy the demand of automobile ABS in all conditions and it is short of an ability of identifying road surface, fuzzy control is short of an ability of remove systemic stable error and it doesn’t make automobiles keep higher control precisions. a dynamic mode of the wheels is built when an automobile is braking at first, aiming at automobile ABS, a immune PID control algorithm based on classic PID is presented and used in automobile ABS system. Compared with the classic PID control algorithm and fuzzy control algorithm, the simulation result shows that the immune PID control algorithm has a shorter stabilization time, a smaller excess of system output, fewer response time and shorter braking distance, it is superior to the classic PID control algorithm and fuzzy control algorithm. The immune PID control algorithm has a higher application value.

Fuzzy Immune PID Control for 6-Degrees of Freedom Parallel Platform

Fuzzy Immune PID Control for 6-Degrees of Freedom Parallel Platform