Immigrants In France Research Articles

Integration of Muslim Immigrants in Europe and North America: A Transatlantic Comparison

Integration of Muslim immigrants has become an increasingly important policy issue in Europe and North America over the last twenty years due to marked growth in the number of Muslim immigrants, the refugee crisis, and the current geopolitical turbulence between Western nations and political Islamist groups. This article explores the factors facilitating and impeding integration of Muslim immigrants in France, the Netherlands, the United States and Canada. Based on the analysis of integration policies and in-depth interviews with integration experts in these four countries, the authors tentatively conclude that equal employment opportunity and social inclusion are key factors that facilitate successful integration of Muslim immigrants. To better integrate its Muslim population, governments are advised to strengthen employment equity laws and implement policies that are more accepting of minority religious practices that foster feelings of inclusivity as well as public campaigns against Islamophobic stereotypes.

From dusk till dawn: the residential mobility and location preferences of immigrants in France

This paper provides an original analysis on residential mobility and locational choices of immigrants in France by using a unique database containing individual characteristics for 19 million French inhabitants in 2014. Residential mobility is studied at the level of the 304 metropolitan zones d’emploi, which is a very narrow spatial level of analysis taking into account worker’s commutes, local productive specializations and the spatial dimensions of the local labor markets. The paper shows, first, that when living in a zone with a high proportion of immigrants, an immigrant is less eager to move elsewhere. Second, the location decisions of settled immigrants who relocate do not exhibit path dependence: the immigrants do not move to zones where other immigrants cluster. The paper also provides evidence that newcomers tend to locate to areas with low real estate prices and a high percentage of immigrant households within the local population. This is an original study of the locational behavior of migrants based on ethnic origin; it shows that the presence of other immigrants with the same or different ethnic origin affects the location decision of newcomers.

Inclusion across borders: young immigrants in France and England

Globalisation and migration have brought new challenges to education in the past decades, raising questions about how schools can promote inclusion within contexts of increased diversity (Vertovec and Wessendorf, 2009). The concept of inclusive education itself remains contested with different meanings across national contexts. This makes a comparative focus on inclusion particularly relevant to understanding different languages of inclusion and the ways in which these are articulated across national and institutional contexts.

Mode of Difference and Resource for Resilience: How Religion Shapes Experiences of Discrimination of the Second Generation in France

There are two sides to cultural practices such as religion: on the one hand, they connect families across generations and space and can embed resources. On the other, as is the case with Muslim immigrants in Europe, they can become markers of difference and create social distance. Drawing on data on the schooling experiences of children of immigrants in France and on information concerning their religious and linguistic family context when growing up, this article maps these two aspects. Although those growing up in Muslim families are significantly more likely to report discrimination than those from Christian or nonreligious families, neither the degree of religiosity nor the presence of parental home-country language was associated with the probability of reporting discrimination. However, for those growing up in Muslim families, a religious family environment seems to protect against negative reactions such as losing interest in academic matters, whereas no such effects are found in Christian families or for home-country language. These findings show that religion is not only a consequential symbolic barrier that Muslims encounter in Europe but also, for those who are religious, a resource to cope with experiences of exclusion — a constellation that may prove consequential for dynamics of integration.

Are elderly immigrants meeting the challenges of successful aging? Review of literature on the aging of elderly migrants in France

Since the mid-20th century, scientists have constantly examined the conditions for healthy aging. Successful Aging as a paradigm has gradually spread far beyond the scientific sphere. Access to « successful-aging » has become a collective purpose as a policy reference in our contemporary societies. As people get older in their host country, immigrants have to conform to the dominant gerontological models. Therefore, the « success » of elderly migrants’ aging in France represents a political and public health objective. This article aims at examining the links between migration and aging in order to better understand the social and spatial issues associated with the elderly immigrants « successful-aging » in France. To deal with this problem, a literature review on the aging conditions of immigrants in France (based on a corpus of 75 references) was completed. This article combines the results of this state of the art by analyzing the situations of elderly migrants through two of the main components of Successful Aging (1. Their health status and 2. Their social networks and commitment in social life). The results demonstrate that the « success » of aging is more complex for elderly migrants compared to the normative ideal of « successful-aging ». While it is necessary to avoid a generalized view of their situations, the living conditions in France and the discontinuities encountered expose some of these groups to significant difficulties in old age. Research in geography is necessary to spatialize the different aging experiences of immigrants within their own territories.Key-words : aging, migration, elderly, health

Citizen Outsider: Children of North African Immigrants in France. By Jean Beaman. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017. 170 pp., $34.95 (paper)—ERRATUM

<i>Citizen Outsider: Children of North African Immigrants in France</i>. By Jean Beaman. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017. 170 pp., $34.95 (paper)—ERRATUM

“Misafir İşçiden” “Yaşlı Göçmene” Avrupa’da Yaşlanan Göçmenlerin Sorunları: Fransa Örneği

<div><!--block-->European countries started accepting mass numbers of migrant workers in the 1950s and 1960s with bilateral agreements to address labor shortages in Europe. Initially, migrant “guest workers” were perceived favorably for their contribution to the workforce. However, once migrants ceased working and grew older and more settled in their host countries, they were seen as “problems” due to the cost of social and health care services. In this study, we aim to examine the problems of elderly immigrants in France. The elderly immigrant population of 21.8% in France is above the European average of 14.8%. Older migrants face many problems stemming from structural and individual factors. These problems are examined in terms of belonging, socioeconomic status, health, access to care services and inequalities in health outcomes. These problems result in the economic and social isolation of immigrants from society. Exposure of migrant workers to challenging work conditions throughout their working lives contributes to deterioration of their health at an early age and poor health outcomes. Yet they are disadvantaged in accessing health care and social services. The highlight of the study is that these problems should be dealt with using a holistic perspective. In conclusion, we call for their full integration in the French social contract through policy changes. In this context, the necessary regulations for the elderly migrants to live in harmony with the society are mentioned.&nbsp;</div>

Citizen Outsider: Children of North African Immigrants in France. By Jean Beaman. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017. Pp. xivi+152. $34.95 (paper).

<i>Citizen Outsider: Children of North African Immigrants in France</i>. By Jean Beaman. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017. Pp. xivi+152. $34.95 (paper).

Homeownership of immigrants in France: selection effects related to international migration flows

We investigate the difference in homeownership rates between natives and first-generation immigrants in France, and how this difference evolves over the 1975–1999 period, by using a large longitudinal dataset. We find that the homeownership gap is large and has remained steady. Entries into the territory have a large negative effect on the evolution of homeownership rates for immigrants. Although entrants have on average better education than people staying in the territory for the entire period (i.e. stayers), they are younger and thus at an earlier stage in the wealth accumulation process. They are also located in large cities, where the homeownership rate is lower, and the returns to their characteristics are lower than those for stayers. Leavers have a positive effect on the evolution of homeownership rates for immigrants because they have a low access to homeownership and they exit the country. But this effect is only one-fifth that of entrants. For stayers, we show that returns to characteristics change in favor of immigrants, which is consistent with assimilation theories. However, among stayers who access homeownership, immigrants end up in owned dwellings that are of lesser quality than natives.

Citizen Outsider: Children of North African Immigrants in France. By Jean Beaman. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017. 170 pp., $34.95 (paper)

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Muslims’ political and civic incorporation in France and Canada: testing models of participation

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of national contexts on the political and civic incorporation of Muslim minorities by comparing France and Canada, with their sharply contrasting national integration ‘models’. Using large and comparable national surveys of immigrant minorities (French Trajectories and Origins Survey, 2008; Canadian Ethnic Diversity Survey, 2002), we analyse three interrelated dimensions of political and civic incorporation: acquiring citizenship, voting, and association membership. Our findings suggest a limited effect of national ‘models’ on these outcomes. While citizenship law produces lower naturalisation rates for all non-European-origin immigrants in France compared to Canada – with notably lower rates among French Muslims – Muslims and other non-European minorities are less likely to vote in Canada but not in France. Moreover, association membership positively influences citizenship in France but not in Canada. We conclude that the main effect of national ‘models’ on minorities’ political and civic incorporation occurs through differences in citizenship law itself.

Citizen Outsider: Children of North African Immigrants in France

Citizen Outsider: Children of North African Immigrants in France

The perception of immigration in France: from facts to identity mythologies

Kryzys monetarno-przemysłowy w latach 70. XX wieku utwierdził we francuskiej debacie publicznej wiele przekonań na temat rzekomych skutków imigracji dla gospodarki i demografii. Argumentacja przeciwko imigracji wzrosła w wyniku fali współczesnych ataków na Europę, retoryki mieszającej imigrację i terroryzm. Dogmatyczne stanowiska w sprawie imigracji mają poważne konsekwencje dla polityki migracyjnej i wspólnego życia. Wykorzystując tę obserwację, autorka niniejszego artykułu proponuje krytykę najbardziej rozpowszechnionych przekonań dotyczących imigracji, w świetle kontekstu ich powstawania, logiki i zgodności z faktami. Od bezpodstawnego oskarżenia do przesadzania faktów, argumenty wysuwane przeciwko – lub czasami na korzyść – imigracji często są niezgodne z rzeczywistością. Jednak przekonania nie muszą się opierać na obiektywnych danych, aby się rozwijać.

Citizen Outsider: Children of North African Immigrants in France

Citizen Outsider: Children of North African Immigrants in France

Volunteer Associations and Integration of Immigrants in France

The issue of integration is key in the literature about migration. It refers to a set of public policies aiming at integrating foreign populations in a given society. This paper aims at investigating the relationships between the integration of four communities settled in France (Algerian, Portugese, Turkish, and Vietnamese) and the presence of associations. The methodology is based on two approaches, quantitative economics and geography. It uses a new database, extracted from the Journal Officiel and several surveys, noticeably TeO. In a first step we ask whether the regional distribution and the density of associations explain the degree of integration of the migrants stemming from the four communities. In a second step we test whether membership in an association increases or decreases the adoption of oppositional identities and if the latter influences the integration via the access to employment.

이주민 여성에 대한 프랑스의 정책과 시사점 : 한국의 이주민 여성에 대한 복지체계 연구에 주는 시사점

본 연구는 프랑스 사회에서 증가하고 있는 이민자 중에서도 가장 많은수를 차지하고 있는 여성들에 대한 실태와 이들을 위한 사회적 대응에 대해서 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해서 최근 비슷한 이민자 증가로 인해서 커지고 있는 사회적 문제를 갖고 있는 한국사회에 필요한 정책적 시사점을 얻고자 한다. 프랑스 사회에서 증가하는 이민자 중에서 여성이 차지하는 비율이...

The effect of language training on immigrants’ economic integration: Empirical evidence from France

We examine the impact of language training on the economic integration of immigrants in France. The assignment to this training, offered by the French Ministry of the Interior, depends mainly on a precise rule: the training is provided if the test score of an initial language exam is below a certain threshold. This eligibility rule creates a discontinuity in the relation between the test result and the variables of interest, which is used to estimate the causal effect of language training, through the method of Regression Discontinuity Design. We find that the number of assigned hours of training significantly increases labor force participation of the treated individuals. The language classes appear to have a larger effect for individuals with higher levels of education, while there is no robust differential effect by type of migration, gender or age. Our estimated coefficients are remarkably similar when we rely on local linear regressions using the optimal bandwidth with few observations around the threshold and when we control parametrically for a polynomial of the forcing variable and use the whole estimation sample. We conclude with a discussion of the candidate mechanisms for the improved labor market participation of immigrants.

Adult mortality among second-generation immigrants in France: Results from a nationally representative record linkage study

BACKGROUNDFrance has a large population of second-generation immigrants (i.e., native-born children of immigrants) who are known to experience important socioeconomic disparities by country of origin. The extent to which they also experience disparities in mortality, however, has not been previously examined.METHODSWe used a nationally representative sample of individuals 18 to 64 years old in 1999 with mortality follow-up via linked death records until 2010. We compared mortality levels for second-generation immigrants with their first-generation counterparts and with the reference (neither first- nor second-generation) population using mortality hazard ratios as well as probabilities of dying between age 18 and 65. We also adjusted hazard ratios using educational attainment reported at baseline.RESULTSWe found a large amount of excess mortality among second-generation males of North African origin compared to the reference population with no migrant background. This excess mortality was not present among second-generation males of southern European origin, for whom we instead found a mortality advantage, nor among North African–origin males of the first-generation. This excess mortality remained large and significant after adjusting for educational attainment.CONTRIBUTIONIn these first estimates of mortality among second-generation immigrants in France, males of North African origin stood out as a subgroup experiencing a large amount of excess mortality. This finding adds a public health dimension to the various disadvantages already documented for this subgroup. Overall, our results highlight the importance of second-generation status as a significant and previously unknown source of health disparity in France.

Ethnic Identity and the Employment Outcomes of Immigrants: Evidence from France

The objective of this paper is twofold: first, to determine the immigrants’ ethnic identity, i.e. the degree of identification to the culture and society of the country of origin and the host country and second, to investigate the impact of ethnic identity on the immigrants’ employment outcomes. Using rich survey data from France and relying on a polychoric principal component analysis, this paper proposes two richer measures of ethnic identity than the ones used in the literature, namely: i) the degree of commitment to the origin country culture and ii) the extent to which the individual holds multiple identities. The paper investigates the impact of the ethnic identity measures on the employment outcomes of immigrants in France. The results show that having multiple identities improves the employment outcomes of the migrants and contribute to help design effective post-immigration policies.

Book Review: Citizen Outsider: Children of North African Immigrants in France

Book Review: Citizen Outsider: Children of North African Immigrants in France