Immigrant Associations Research Articles

Is the Incipient Community of Senegalese Emigrants to Spain in Favor of the Donation of Related Renal Live?

BackgroundSenegalese populations are massively migrating to the southern parts of the European Union, especially Spain, France, and Italy. The attitude towards living kidney donation in this group is little known. The objective of this study was to analyze the attitude toward living kidney donation of subjects from the population of Senegalese residents in Spain. MethodsThe study subjects were the Senegalese population residing in Spain aged >15 years stratified according to age and sex, according to census data and immigrant support associations. The evaluation instrument used was an attitude questionnaire toward renal live transplant (“PCID-DVR” Rios: The questionnaire of the International Collaborative Donor Project about Living Kidney Donation [“Proyecto Colaborativo Internacional Donante sobre Donación de Vivo Renal” in Spanish] developed by Dr. Ríos). Support of African immigration associations was used to advise on the location of potential respondents. Fulfillment of the questionnaire was anonymous and self-administered. Verbal consent was requested for collaboration in the study. Student t tests, the χ2 test, Fisher exact test, and a logistic regression analysis were used in the statistical analysis. ResultsThe study included 293 respondents. Overall, 62% (n = 181) were in favor of renal live donation (relatives and close friends); 38% (n = 112) did not consider the possibility of renal live donation or they had doubts. This attitude is not related to social variables or general information (P > .05). The variables associated with this attitude (P < .05) were related to the family environment (especially with the partner) and the risk assessment of donating a living kidney. ConclusionsBased on these results, the Senegalese population that has immigrated to Spain has a very unfriendly attitude toward renal live donation.

The organization of labour immigrants from Czechoslovakia in Frolov district of the Lower-Volga region in the 1920 and 1930s

Based on unpublished archival sources, this article considers the history and development of industrial organizations of labour immigrants from Czechoslovakia on the territory of the Lower Volga region in the 1920 and 1930s. The activities of the “Agricultural commune of Czechoslovak emigres” and the handicraft “Association of Czechoslovak Emigrants” illustrate how Soviet legislation was applied to labour immigration, how party authorities and economic bodies related to the two immigrant units, and how foreign workers adapted to the conditions in the USSR. Despite the many difficulties that labour immigrants had to overcome, their activities on the territory of Stalingrad province constitute a successful example of international workers’ cooperation in the USSR. The authors demonstrate that the production associations of labour immigrants from Czechoslovakia made a significant contribution to the strengthening and development of the economic complex of Frolov district in the Lower Volga region during the period under review. Through the efforts of the Czechoslovak citizens, shoe production and tanning were organized for the first time on industrial level. Later a metal plant emerged on the basis of the “Krasny Vagranschik” artel created by immigrants from Czechoslovakia. The experience of state regulation on labour immigration in the USSR can be successfully used in modern Russia’s practice of international cooperation.

Participación y asociacionismo del colectivo de inmigrantes: instrumentos para el ejercicio de la ciudadanía

&lt;p&gt;The following article aims to provide a general conceptual definition of participation and its benefits, with immigrants in the process of integration as a reference point. The principal authors mentioned in this article have addressed the phenomenon of associationism with a special focus to study the phenomenon of immigrant associations. These immigrant associations in the last few years have emerged as interlocutors mirroring the needs and interests of recent immigrants, and at the same time they are recognized as spaces and instruments for an active participation in all public areas. The movement of associationism should be studied in order to determine the causes of its presence, and to understand its many contributions to the lives of immigrants, and the role that they play in the society.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Received&lt;/strong&gt;: 31 June 2015&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Accepted&lt;/strong&gt;: 15 October 2015&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Published online&lt;/strong&gt;: 11 December 2017&lt;/p&gt;

Asociaciones africanas en Cataluña: fortalezas y debilidades

La evolución del fenómeno migratorio en España ha comportado, entre otras cuestiones, el continuo crecimiento de organizaciones creadas por inmigrantes. Este aumento se produce, por una parte, por el interés de los propios africanos y, por otra, por la voluntad que tienen los representantes de las administraciones de generar interlocutores que faciliten el contacto con los inmigrantes. Asimismo son fundamentales las posiciones que adoptan las diferentes políticas (estatales y autonómicas) al condicionar los papeles que desempeñan las asociaciones de inmigrantes. Este estudio[1] en cuya realización se ha empleado metodología cualitativa (entrevistas en profundidad) con una perspectiva territorial abarca toda Cataluña, centra el objeto de estudio en la inmigración y el asociacionismo de los inmigrantes africanos y, más particularmente, en as necesidades que tienen y en las demandas que dirigen a instituciones públicas y privadas.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; [1] Este estudio forma parte del proyecto I + D dirigido por Jordi Garreta (UdL), titulado “Asociacionismo e inmigración africana: funciones latentes y manifiestas” financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CSO2008-01122/SOCI) y centrado en las comunidades de Cataluña, Valencia y Navarra. Se pueden consultar los resultados completos del trabajo en el Monográfico “Asociacionismo e Inmigración” (2013) de la Revista Internacional de Sociología (RIS).&#x0D; &#x0D;

Cuando los inmigrantes sueñan. Propuesta de un medio de comunicación dirigido a la población inmigrante de la ciudad de Orihuela

El panorama mediático, político y económico actual no invita a lanzar con éxito un proyecto periodístico. El artículo que se presenta tiene por objeto conocer qué modelo comunicativo cumpliría con las expectativas de la población extranjera de la ciudad de Orihuela (Alicante), tanto en su forma como por su contenido. A tal objeto se han llevado a cabo entrevistas a todos los representantes de las asociaciones de inmigrantes de la ciudad con objeto de diseñar el perfil del medio que satisfaga sus necesidades. El resultado es la propuesta de una revista pluritemática, atractiva, extensa, sustentada con publicidad. Este artículo concluye en una propuesta de un modelo que refleja las aspiraciones de la población inmigrante de Orihuela

Austerity and its implications for immigrant health in France

The ongoing economic crisis in France increasingly has affected immigrant rights, including access to health care. Consistent with a 2014 League Against Cancer survey, we identify the ways in which sickness produces a “double penalty” for immigrants with serious illness. Immigrants with chronic illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, and other debilitating conditions divert vital funds from daily needs to deal with sickness and loss of work while at the same time national austerity measures shred the state's traditional safety net of social services and support. We examine how immigrants strategize to manage financial exigencies, therapeutic itineraries and social relations in the face of these converging pressures. We base our findings on two studies related by this theme: an investigation of health inequalities in the Médoc region, in which 88 women, 44 of North African and Eastern European origin, were interviewed over a three-year period (2010–2013); and a three-year study (2014–2017) of West African immigrant women with breast cancer seeking treatment in the greater Paris region, 70 members of immigrant associations, and clinical personnel in three hospitals.

The Design of Migrant Integration Policies in Spain: Discourses and Social Actors

Spain is one of the countries with the lowest social spending within the EU-15, and its welfare state has developed later and with less intensity. At the end of the 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, Spain became an immigration country, reaching 5.7 million immigrants in 2011. This article explores how the definition of migrant ‘integration’ is based more on a concept of universal rights and social cohesion by the main actors (political parties, trade unions, third sector organizations and immigrant associations) than on a notion of a cultural type. We will also analyze how the influence of European policies and restrictive liberalism have led to the implementation of programmes which aim to make civic integration compulsory for the renewal of residence and work permits. The empirical evidence for this article stems from 60 qualitative interviews with social actors in migrant integration policies during 2010 and 2011. The impact of the economic crisis on the foreign population, especially regarding its position in the labor market, will also be considered, explaining the reduction of specific and general policies targeting the migrant population. This cut in social spending has involved a deinstitutionalization of this particular policy field.

An evolutionary approach to mania studying Sardinian immigrants to Argentina.

Objective:To ascertain lifetime prevalence of positivity to a screening questionnaire for bipolar disorders (BD) in Sardinian immigrants to Argentina and residents of Sardinia and assess whether such positivity affects quality of life (QoL) in either group. Our hypothesis is that screen positivity for BD may be more frequent in immigrants.Methods:Observational study. Subjects were randomly selected from the membership lists of associations of Sardinian immigrants in Argentina. A study carried out in Sardinia using the same methodology was used for comparison. The Mood Disorder Questionnaire was used to screen for mania/hypomania and the Short-Form Health Survey-12 to measure QoL.Results:A higher prevalence of manic/hypomanic episodes was found in Sardinian immigrants to Argentina (p < 0.0001; odds ratio = 3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.87-4.77). Positivity at screening was associated with a lower QoL both in Sardinian immigrants to Argentina and in residents of Sardinia.Conclusions:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show a higher lifetime prevalence of manic/hypomanic episodes in a general-population sample of individuals who migrated to a foreign country. Our results are in agreement with the hypothesis that hyperactive/novelty-seeking features may represent an adaptive substrate in certain conditions of social change.

Depression in Sardinian immigrants in Argentina and residents in Sardinia at the time of the Argentinian default (2001) and the Great Recession in Italy (2015)

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to measure in two samples of Sardinian immigrants in Buenos Aires and representatives of the population in Sardinia the prevalence of depressive symptoms at the time of an economic crisis in Sardinia and to compare these results with those collected at the time of a similar crisis in Argentina more than 10 years before.MethodsObservational study. The associations of Sardinian immigrants in Buenos Aires provided the lists of families of Sardinian origin. A random sample of one fifth of registered families was selected. The sample of a study carried out in Sardinia was used as the control. The results were compared with those of the previous study performed in 2001–2002. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) was used for the screening of depression.ResultsThe Sardinian immigrants show a lower rate of scoring positively on PHQ9 (i.e. less risk of being depressed) and reach statistical significance after standardization (8.7% vs. 13.1%, P = 0.046). Young women (≤40) are at higher risk. On the contrary, the risk of depression was higher in Sardinian immigrants in Argentina during the 2001–2002 crises.ConclusionThe study indicates a risk for depressive episodes linked to the fallout of the economic crisis (in Argentina in 2001–2002, in Sardinia in 2015) and specifically more in females than in males. Due to the associated socio-demographic risk factors, these results could be interpreted as due to an increase in non-bipolar depression.

The uncertain future of immigrant transnational organization

ABSTRACTThis volume pioneers in the study of immigrant transnational organizations by including eighteen different immigrant nationalities with organizations in the US and Europe. The case studies follow a common format and are based on interviews, questionnaires and observation in both sending and receiving countries. Data are provided on the characteristics of membership and leadership, age of association and its activities. Accounts of sending state initiatives to build relationships with their diaspora are particularly interesting, as is the contrast between the US general reluctance to promote or financially support immigrant association initiatives in their home country and the general practice of European states to do so. The issues of the permanence and importance of transnational organizations are raised since these require more data and measures than the chapters provide. This is a well-executed and stimulating volume that is a credit to the chapter authors and to the editors.

Las asociaciones de inmigrantes en España: funciones y limitaciones ante el reto de la integración

Este artículo analiza las características y necesidades de las asociaciones De inmigrantes en España en materia de gobernanza interna y externa. Tras situar la problemática en el marco de las políticas de integración, se centra, en primer lugar, en los orígenes y motivaciones de creación de las asociaciones, sobre todo aquellas que emanan de los principios de solidaridad y altruismo y las que surgen de la necesidad de convivencia e integración en la sociedad de acogida. En segundo lugar, el trabajo arroja luz sobre la tipología de actividades organizadas, los recursos de las asociaciones y sus prácticas de dirección estratégica, así como de coordinación interinstitucional. Lo que lleva a abordar cuestiones más amplias en relación con la gobernanza participativa y la apertura de la estructura de oportunidades para dar a estas organizaciones mayor protagonismo de cara a la inclusión de las personas inmigrantes y su integración.

La producción de la ciudadanía en la era de la migración: el caso de las asociaciones políticas de los peruanos en santiago de chile (1996 – 2006)

Desde fines de los noventa, la mayoría de los Estados latinoamericanos han tomado medidas para relacionarse con sus ciudadanos residentes en el extranjero, las que han ido desde la creación de programas para la atención de las comunidades en el exterior, la modificación de artículos constitucionales que le permitan a sus ciudadanos residentes en el extranjero acceder a una doble ciudadanía y el impulso de políticas de desarrollo con base en las remesas que giran los inmigrantes a sus familiares en sus países de origen. La mayoría de estos cambios se han debido a las acciones realizadas por asociaciones de inmigrantes que han presionado (con distintos resultados), a sus élites gobernantes para lograr una extensión de sus derechos políticos que les permitan participar en los procesos electorales de sus países o ser incorporados en determinadas políticas públicas de los países receptores, ejemplos de estas situaciones son los casos: Dominicano, mexicano, chileno y salvadoreño. En este sentido el propósito central de la presente ponencia es explicar la producción de la ciudadanía de los inmigrantes peruanos pertenecientes a asociaciones de perfil político en Chile a partir de examinar el surgimiento y los cambios ocurridos en tres asociaciones de corte político en Santiago de Chile.

Un estudio sobre las asociaciones africanas en Cataluña: acciones y líneas de futuro

The article analyzes the socio-educational action that takes place in the African Immigrants associations in Cataluna, highlighting the intercultural mediation as the most implemented. The analysis is based on a survey done to 206 associations and 56 interviews to the presidents of African immigrants associations, and representatives of private entities and catalan public administration, agencies which are interlocutors of African associations. From our point of view, immigrant associations become priviliged spaces where social integration is promoted and where negotiations are agreed and unified to implement the mentioned integration. In their new society, immigrants go through an internal metamorphosis by means of they remain preserving their roots but progressively become more alive and conscious of their new world.

Los roles de los actores de la sociedad de acogida en la integración de las asociaciones de inmigrantes: una aproximación desde el análisis de redes sociales

Este artículo indaga sobre los estadios de integración de las asociaciones de inmigrantes en España según el stock de capital social que detentan, específicamente, dadas las relaciones que establecen con actores del entorno, y consecuentemente el rol que de esto se deriva para cada tipo de contraparte. Los datos se extraen de una muestra representativa conformada por 225 asociaciones de inmigrantes de todo el territorio español. Los resultados apuntan a que las asociaciones de inmigrantes juegan roles específicos y cohesivos con sus pares, incluso logran ciertas asimetrías en su favor con determinados actores de la sociedad de acogida. Por otro lado, los actores nativos de la sociedad de acogida se distribuyen en un continuo que va desde el desarrollo de roles específicos hasta otros múltiples, e incluso contradictorios, lo que, en su conjunto, termina por dibujar un complejo y diverso mapa de oportunidades para la integración de las asociaciones.

The Trump Hypothesis: Testing Immigrant Populations as a Determinant of Violent and Drug‐Related Crime in the United States*

ObjectivesTo test the “Trump Hypothesis”: whether immigrants are responsible for higher levels of violent and drug‐related crime in the United States, as asserted by Donald Trump in his 2015 presidential campaign announcement. This is achieved using recent crime and immigration data, thus testing the common public perception linking immigrants to crime, and providing an updated assessment of the immigrant‐crime nexus.MethodsRates of violent crime and drug arrests by state are pooled for 2012–2014. These are compared against pooled statistics on foreign‐born and Mexican nationals living in the United States, as well as estimates of undocumented foreign and undocumented Mexican population by state. The data are analyzed using correlation and multivariate regressions.ResultsData uniformly show no association between immigrant population size and increased violent crime. However, there appears to be a small but significant association between undocumented immigrant populations and drug‐related arrests.ConclusionsResults largely contradict the Trump Hypothesis: no evidence links Mexican or undocumented Mexican immigrants specifically to violent or drug‐related crime. Undocumented immigrant associations with drug‐related crime are minimal, though significant. The Trump Hypothesis consequently appears to be biased toward rhetoric rather than evidence.

Imagining New Social Legal Futures: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Pre-Law Students’ Experiences with Discourse Communities of Legal Practice

This paper considers the ways that concepts such as social justice and law were used as semiotic objects-in-tension by a group of five US undergraduates considering law school to make sense of their ideas about entering the discourse communities and communities of practice associated with being a lawyer. This group was made up of undergraduate women who had completed a summer residency program sponsored by the Law School Admissions Council to increase enrollment of students from under-represented groups. Of the five participants, two were US-born; the others immigrated to the US as teenagers; each was aware of her position as multiply marginalized, by gender as well as other factors, including refugee or immigrant status, religious affiliation, sexual identity, and/or association with “at risk” labeling. Data analyzed reflect a 3-year study of their changing perceptions of their relationships to law school discourse communities, using text, interviews, individual video narratives, and informal, face-to-face group meetings. A sociolinguistic approach to multimodal discourse analysis is used to examine the ways that the women, each in a unique way, articulated an increased investment in direct and embodied engagement, lived experience, and personal testimony—not as supplements to doing/being a lawyer, but as necessary and expected practices therein. Over time and through various modalities, they used their vantage point from outside the dominant discourse communities of law to stage social critique and to contest the binary logic and normative criteria that forge the boundaries of exclusion from and inclusion in these communities. Specifically, they resemiotized notions of being a lawyer from the margins in ways that demanded a more fluid and polysemous interpretation of what it means to do ethically rigorous social justice work—hence reworking the relationships between justice (as an abstract ideal) and the law (as an institutionalized regime) and widening the semiotic potential of their own future work. Particularly significant are the ways that semiotic trajectories progressed from an emphasis on what Halliday identifies as textual (fixed and highly abstract) functions of language to interpersonal (embodied, relational) and ideational (expressive, experiential) functions. Such a trajectory away from entextualization suggests that voices and perspectives from the margins may be using those imaginary margins tactically as sites from which to contest the boundaries that define whose voices count within the legal system and to contest normative limits on semiotic potentialities for lawyers working toward more just social futures.

Coalitions and Collaboration among Three Civil Society Immigrant Organisations in Israel

This article describes the creation of a coalition among three civil society immigrant organisations in Israel. The research questions dealt with the collaborative strategies adopted by these organisations, and investigated through ethnographic interviews and document analysis what factors facilitated inter-organisational collaboration. Results showed that these organisations provided complementary services to newcomers while struggling with hostile government policies. The collaboration dynamic between the groups was successful because these immigrant associations shared similar socialistic views. Furthermore, through the promotion of personal ties, inter-organisational solidarity was forged, but overall, these activities ran counter to the dominant Israeli culture.

La educación de los jóvenes de origen senegalés en España

Esta investigación surge ante la inquietud de las asociaciones de inmigrantes senegaleses&lt;br /&gt;al observar valores, hábitos y actitudes que están adquiriendo los jóvenes senegaleses de segunda generación que distan de la cultura de sus progenitores. Para abordar este problema, se planteó los siguientes objetivos: Qué les exigen las familias senegalesas a los centros educativos españoles, qué valores, hábitos y actitudes deben conservar los jóvenes senegaleses&lt;br /&gt;de segunda generación, cuáles se pueden elaborar entre la escuela y el colectivo senegalés y por último, identificar estrategias entre escuela/familia que favorezcan la integración de estos jóvenes. La naturaleza de estos objetivos, nos conducen al diseño de una investigación&lt;br /&gt;etnográfica que se realiza en las asociaciones de inmigrantes senegaleses y en los comercios étnicos ubicados en Andalucía. Hemos realizado sesenta y una entrevistas semiestructuradas, dos grupos de discusión y también observación participante. Las conclusiones nos indican la necesidad de crear en las escuelas, entre las familias y la comunidad educativa, espacios positivos de socialización donde se fomenten valores, hábitos y actitudes adecuados,&lt;br /&gt;se prepare a los alumnos a convertirse en buenos ciudadanos en la comunidad senegalesa y en la sociedad de acogida y favorecer la adquisición positiva de procesos de aculturación.

The Opinion of Teachers on the Participation of Immigrant Associations in Schools: A Qualitative Research in Spain

This research was conducted in Spain. We used the ethnographic method and have interviewed more than 20 teachers. We wanted to know the opinion of teachers on the participation of immigrant associations in schools. The teachers say that these associations can participate in the school curriculum through parent associations, tutoring and guidance, department, transversal axes and curricular documents. They can also participate with the actors of the educational community (teachers, students and immigrants natives and immigrants and native families). For example with immigrant children, immigrant associations can design activities mediation between immigrant students and teachers, school guidance and school integration.

Healthy Migrant Effect on Smoking Behavior Among Asian Immigrants in the United States.

Healthy migrant effect (HME) of immigrants has been evidenced in various heath aspects. However, few studies have explored the applicability of HME on Asian immigrants' health risk behavior-smoking. This study used three waves of Current Population Survey-Tobacco Use Supplement data, 1998-1999, 2005-2006, and 2010-2011, to compare the rates of being a current smoker among Asian immigrants and United States born citizens. Further, the odds ratios of gender, age, marital status, socioeconomic status, years of migration, and citizenship status on the likelihood of being a current smoker were examined. Across the three waves, Asian immigrants smoked at a much lower rate than their native-born counterparts. The gender gap of being a current smoker was much wider among Asian immigrants. The longer the Asian immigrants stayed in the United States, the more likely they were to become current smokers. These data confirmed the association of HME and Asian immigrants' smoking behavior, and also provided strong evidence of the importance of smoking prevention among Asian immigrants. This study also implied the possibility of a decline in the effectiveness of HME on Asian immigrants as the time they spent in the United States increased.