Immersion Treatment Research Articles

Biocontrol Ability and Action Mechanism of Meyerozyma guilliermondii 37 on Soft Rot Control of Postharvest Kiwifruit.

Postharvest soft rot of kiwifruit has resulted in substantial market losses, yet there were few antagonistic yeasts reported to control the disease. This study screened 1113 yeast strains for potential antagonistic yeast to control soft rot of kiwifruit caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diaporthe actinidiae, and strain 37 was selected to evaluate the control efficacy and mechanisms, which was identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii via molecular biological identification. Our results showed that M. guilliermondii 37 effectively reduced pathogen spore germination rate to 28.52% and decay incidence of inoculated kiwifruit to 42.11% maximumly, whereas cell-free supernatant lacked antifungal activity, implying that M. guilliermondii 37 didn't produce direct antifungal compounds against the two pathogens. In addition, M. guilliermondii 37 adhered tenaciously to the pathogens' mycelium and colonized rapidly in kiwifruit flesh. Moreover, yeast strain 37 induced kiwifruit resistance by elevating the defense-related enzyme activity, increasing the antioxidant substances content, and suppressing the cell wall-degrading enzyme activity. Gene expression was consistent with the corresponding enzyme activity. Further postharvest yeast immersion treatment significantly reduced natural decay to 35.69% while maintaining soft-ripe quality. These results indicated that M. guilliermondii 37 might serve as a biocontrol agent against postharvest soft rot in kiwifruit.

Hormonal Sex Inversion by 17α-Methyl testosterone in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) through egg Immersion Technique (IT)

ABSTRACT The trial was conducted to evaluating the effect of different hormone concentrations of 17α-methyltestosterone @ (HC): (200, 400, 600, and 800 μg/L−1), immersion times (IT): 48, 60 and 72 h and the interaction effect of (HC × IT) on the hatching percentage of Cyprinus carpio egg, percent survival and percent of males. Results indicated that survival of treated fry was affected by the increasing IT (p < 0.001). The main interaction effect of HC × IT showed that the highest percent of male individuals 96% was attained at 800 μg/L HC at 72 h IT and lowest was recorded 49% in control (p < 0.05). Increased percent male of C. carpio was obtained with increasing HC across all IT. It is concluded that the immersion treatment at 800 µg/L for 72 h is more effective to change sex ratios of C. carpio. Masculinization of C. carpio by egg immersion is an alternative technique of oral method, manual sorting of sexes, gene manipulation and hybridization.

Antimicrobial Properties of a Copper/Silicone Composite Membrane Prepared Using a Two-Step Immersion Process in Iodine and Copper Sulfate Solutions.

Silicone (polydimethylsiloxane) materials are widely used in various applications. Due to microbe adherence and biofilm formation at the surface of silicone materials, silicone materials must possess antibacterial properties. To achieve this, we prepared copper (Cu)-silicone composite membranes using a simple two-step process of immersion in iodine and copper sulfate solutions. Subsequent scanning electron microscopy revealed Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs) of 10 to 200 nanometers in diameter on the silicone membrane surface, which were identified as copper iodide using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mechanical strength of the material did not change significantly as a result of the two-step immersion treatment and the Cu/silicone membrane showed excellent antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, maintaining R &gt; 2 even after a physical impact such as stomacher treatment. Additionally, the Cu ions eluted from the Cu/silicone membrane remained at very low concentrations, suggesting firm immobilization of CuNPs on the silicone membrane. This proposed antimicrobial treatment method does not require special equipment, can be performed at room temperature, and has the potential for use on silicone materials other than membranes.

Preparation of Zn1-xCrxO resistive switching film and its corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution

Zn1-xCrxO resistive switching film with different Cr content was prepared on SS304 substrate by sol–gel method combined with spin plating and heat treatment. The surface morphology, composition, structure, semiconductor type and oxygen vacancy concentration of Zn1-xCrxO films were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Mott-Schottky curves, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. And the corrosion resistance of Zn1-xCrxO film were investigated by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the prepared Zn1-xCrxO films have a uniform dense surface which belongs to n-type semiconductor type, and the oxygen vacancy concentration in the films increases with the increase of Cr content. With the increasing of Cr content, the corrosion resistance of films is decreased. During the immersion process, the corrosion resistance of Zn1-xCrxO film is firstly increased and then decreased with increasing immersion time. By applying immersion and polarization treatment the corrosion resistance of Zn1-xCrxO film could be regulated between the high and low resistance states (HRS and LRS) due to the creation and disappearance of oxygen vacancies in the film.

In Search of Physical and Chemical Treatments for Artificial Ripening of ‘Piarom’ Date Fruit

‘Piarom’ date (Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the semi-arid and commercially important cultivars in Iran. In Ahvaz region of Iran, most of the date cultivars, including ‘Piarom’, turn sour and fall prematurely, during the rutab stage, due to high moisture content, leading to a major yield reduction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate different methods of artificial ripening of ‘Piarom’ dates in the khalal and rutab stages. The treatments included immersing the ‘Piarom’ fruit in acetic acid (1% and 2%) and NaCl (1%and 2%) solutions and freezing treatments for three times of 24, 48, and 72 hours. Harvesting of Khalal was done at three different times from the beginning of Khalal stage and once every two weeks. Fruit receiving an acidic acid application at 2% in all immersion and harvest treatments had the highest speed and percentage of transformation of khalal to rutab. Crop with a 2% acidic acid immersing treatment at the first and third harvests had the highest desirable fruit-finish. The highest percentage of desirable dates in the first and second harvests was related to 72- and 24-hours freezing treatments, respectively. By delaying the harvesting time, the moisture content of the khalals decreased significantly. The moisture content percentage of fruit obtained from chemical and physical treatments was higher than that of natural dates. There was no significant difference among different harvesting times regarding soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and percentage of reducing sugar of khalal fruit. In general, the SSC of artificially ripened fruit was lower than that of natural ‘Piarom’ dates. During all three harvest times, the TA level of date fruit obtained from chemical treatments was significantly affected by the treatments. In all three harvests, there was no significant difference among chemical treatments regarding of reducing sugars percentage. In all three harvests, the reducing sugar content of frozen fruit was lower than that of natural dates. According to the study, acetic acid at 2% was more successful than other treatments if it did not have a bad effect on the taste and aroma of the fruit. Thus, we suggest that the impact of other acid-containing compounds, but without the poor taste of acidic acid, such as acid extracts from other fruit be experimented for the ripening of ‘Piarom’ date in the future.

Maskulinisasi Ikan Guppy (Poecilia Reticulata) Melalui Metode Perendaman Induk Menggunakan Air Kelapa Dengan Konsentrasi Berbeda

This study was conducted to analyse the use of coconut water doses to achieve a higher percentage of males in guppy breeding and how it affects the survival of guppy fry. The search took place in Mertoyudan, Magelang district between November 2021 and January 2022. This research plan was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. Treatments in this study were immersed in gravid females at 0%; 50%; 55%; and 60% solution concentration of coconut water. The data were analysed using a One Way ANOVA followed by the Least Significant Difference test. Results from the data analysis showed that gravid females were immersed in a coconut water solution increased the percentage of male guppy fry with the addition of coconut water doses used. The highest percentage of male guppy fry was 87.7% achieved in the immersion treatment at a 60% coconut water with a 100% survival rate.Keywords : coconut water, guppy (Poecilia reticulata), guppies gravid female, males in guppy

Effect of Temperature Variations on Elevated Temperature Curing Method Towards Modulus of Elasticity and Compressive Strength of Normal Concrete With Additional Accelerator

Developments in modern times have grown rapidly, this can be seen from the rapid development. Along with the increasing scale of development in the world of construction, more and more concrete is needed effectively, practically, and in the future. The strength of concrete is strongly influenced by the quality of the materials, admixtures, the working process, and the curing of the concrete. Concrete with the addition of an accelerator has higher compressive strength, this is due to the accelerator reaction which can accelerate the binding process and the development of the initial compressive strength of the concrete. Concrete with direct immersion treatment has large compressive strength. There are several methods of treating concrete, including watering and high temperature. This study used a fixed accelerator proportion of 3 % of the weight of cement with a test time of 7 and 28 days. The treatment method used is open space, immersion, high temperature at temperatures of 25 ºC, 30 ºC, 35 ºC, 40 ºC and 45 ºC. From the results of the research, there are differences in characteristics between normal concrete and concrete with the addition of an accelerator. Concrete with a high-temperature treatment method at a temperature of 45 ºC produces the highest strong pressure. This is caused by the higher the treatment temperature, the higher the rate of hydration process that affects the compressive strength of the concrete.

Effect of Ozone Solution Immersion Treatment on The Quality of Fresh Red Chilies During Modified Cold-Storage

Chili is a vegetable with a characteristic of high moisture content, so easily damaged, and short shelf life. Most Indonesian households prefer to consume red chilies in fresh form. So, specific treatment is required to ensure the quality and shelf life of fresh red chilies. The objective of this study was to analyze the quality of red chilies stored in modified cold storage with and without dissolved ozone solution treatment. Red chilies were stored in perforated polyethylene (PE) plastic at 8±2℃ and 89±2% relative humidity. Fresh red chilies were investigated for hardness, color, moisture content, vitamin C, and capsaicin after 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of storage. The modified cold storage preserved fresh red chilies for three weeks without ozone treatment and four weeks with ozone treatment. The moisture and vitamin C content remained stable, but the color, hardness, and capsaicin content significantly decreased. Keywords: Chilies freshness, red chili, ozone treatment, modified cold storage, shelf life

Pengaruh Lama Perendaman Air Perasan Buah Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) terhadap Karakteristik Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) pada Suhu Ruang

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This study aims to determine the effect of immersion time in wuluh starfruit juice (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) on characteristics vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) as well as to determine the right time of immersion in wuluh starfruit juice to produce vaname shrimp the best characteristics. The experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design with 5 level immersion treatments, namely: 0 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes, 60 minutes, and 80 minutes. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 15 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by variance (ANOVA) and if the treatment effected the observed variables then it was continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The duration of immersion time vaname shrimp in wuluh starfruit juice was 20 minutes produced the best characteristic vaname shrimp, water content is 82.23%, the acidity was 6.77, the microbial total 4.98 Log CFU/g and histamine was 0.1 ppm, color and connected segment liked with scor the brightness a bit lost, inter-segment less firm, smell liked, texture liked with scor less elastic, compact and dense, and overall acceptance liked.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

GROWTH AND QUALITY OF SEA GRAPES (Caulerpa lentilifera) BY SOAKING LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN CONTROLLED MEDIA

Caulerpa lentillifera or known as sea grape is one type of grass that has the potential to be developed. This seaweed is very popular because it has a very important economic value, namely as a fresh food ingredient and an ingredient for medicines. Efforts to increase the production of C. lentillifera can be done through engineering with the addition of fertilizers in its cultivation. The purpose of this study was to determine the dose of liquid organic fertilizer that could provide the best growth for C. lentillifera. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of soaking liquid organic fertilizer (POC) with doses of P0 (0 ml/L), P1 (1.5 ml/L), P2 (2.5 ml/L) and P3 (3.5 ml/L), and made 3 repetitions. The data obtained were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) it was found that the application of liquid organic fertilizer had a significantly different effect on the specific growth rate and dry weight of C. lentilifera. The best dose was shown in the 1.5 ml/L fertilizer immersion treatment (P1), with a specific growth rate value of 3.27% and a dry weight value of 1.70 g which were significantly different from other treatments (P 0.05). In terms of quality, C. lentilifera soaked in 1.5 ml/L (P1) liquid fertilizer, produced a fairly high protein content of 19.05%. Water quality data including temperature, pH, and DO showed a value that was still tolerable for the growth of C. lenitilifera seaweed. Water quality measurements in this study included temperatures ranging from 26 -28 ºC, salinity ranging from 31-35ºC, pH ranging from 6.83 -7.05, while DO ranged from 5.98 - 6.90 mgL1.

Pain Reduction With an Immersive Digital Therapeutic Tool in Women Living With Endometriosis-Related Pelvic Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundChronic pelvic pain is a common and disabling condition in women living with endometriosis. Pharmacological and surgical treatments are not always effective at controlling pain and present important restrictions. Digital therapeutics (DTx) are emerging as major nonpharmacological alternatives that aim to extend the analgesic therapeutic arsenal of patients.ObjectiveIn this randomized controlled trial (RCT), we aimed to measure the immediate and 4-hour persisting effects of a single use 20-minute DTx (Endocare) on pain in women experiencing pelvic pain due to endometriosis.MethodsA total of 45 women with endometriosis participated in a randomized controlled study comparing the analgesic effect of a single use of a virtual reality digital treatment named Endocare (n=23, 51%) to a 2D digital control (n=22, 49%). Perceived pain and pain relief were measured before the treatment and 15, 30, 45, 60, and 240 minutes after the end of the treatment.ResultsThe clustered posttreatment pain was significantly reduced compared to the pretreatment for both Endocare and the control group (all P<.01). Endocare was significantly more effective than the control group (all P<.01). Endocare decreased the mean pain intensity from 6.0 (SD 1.31) before the treatment to 4.5 (SD 1.71) posttreatment, while the control only decreased it from 5.7 (SD 1.36) to 5.0 (SD 1.43). When comparing each posttreatment measures to the pretest, Endocare significantly reduced pain perception for all points in time up to 4 hours posttreatment. The differences did not reached significance for the control group. Moreover, Endocare was significantly superior to the control group 15, 30, and 45 minutes after the treatment (all P<.001). The mean perceived pain relief was significantly higher for Endocare at 28% (SD 2%) compared to the control, which was 15% (SD 1%) for all the posttreatment measurements (all P>.05).ConclusionsOur study aimed to test the effects of a single use of a DTx treatment on reported pain at different time points in women diagnosed with endometriosis experiencing moderate-to-severe pelvic pain. Importantly, our results support that Endocare, a virtual reality immersive treatment, significantly reduce pain perception compared to a digital control in women living with endometriosis. Interestingly, we are the first to notice that the effect persisted up to 4 hours posttreatment.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04650516; https://tinyurl.com/2a2eu9wv

Effect of anastrozole on masculinization in ornamental fish, dwarf gourami, &lt;em&gt;Trichogaster lalius&lt;/em&gt; (Hamilton, 1822)

In ornamental fishery, for commercialization and efficient propagation of fish species in demand, controlling their sex, male or female, plays an important role as it influences reproduction, growth and product quality. In one such common aquarium fish, dwarf gourami, Trichogaster lalius (Hamilton, 1822), males look more attractive and fetch better market price encouraging masculinization of this species. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of anastrozole on masculinization potential in T. lalius. The experiment consisted of two trials, in trial 1; anastrozole was incorporated into feed at 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg and fed to first feeding fry for 50 days. In trial 2, immersion treatment of anastrozole was carried out at different doses of 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 μg/L for 3 h each on 3rd, 5th and 8th day of post-hatching. Oral administration of anastrozole resulted in 90.32% masculinization at 200 ppm and the immersion treatment of anastrozole produced 100% masculinization at 1000 μg/L. Histological sections indicated that the anastrozole treatments suppressed ovarian development, leading to the atretic oocytes. However, the testicular development was unaffected. Testosterone level increased whereas estradiol level decreased with increased dose of the chemical. Cortisol level also showed a significant increase in male with increased doses of anastrozole, indicating stress which in turn helped to synthesize the testosterone. The results show that the immersion treatment of anastrozole is more effective than oral administration in inducing masculinization in T. lalius.

Superhydrophobic surface processing for metal 3D printed parts

Surface engineering methods for wettability modification of 3D-printed metal parts have attracted considerable attention, in large part due to the applicability of these components in fluid-related fields. In this study, two processing methods have been developed to produce superhydrophobic surfaces on AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). Surface chemistry and topography are investigated as two primary determinants of the resulting wettability state. On its own, chemical immersion treatment can impart the rose petal effect on these additively manufactured metal surfaces, viz. high water contact angle coupled with high water adhesion. When laser surface texturing is performed prior to chemical treatment, the lotus leaf effect is achieved instead, with the surface showing high water contact angles and low water adhesion. Surface chemistry analysis shows that a fluorosilane reagent reacts more favorably with laser textured surfaces, thus imparting greater hydrophobicity. Surface topography is also shown to play a significant role in the resulting wetting behavior. By applying surface topography parameters, Spc and r, the topographical distinction between surfaces displaying the rose petal effect and the lotus leaf effect is quantitatively described.

SEED HEALTHY TEST AND LEAKAGE RATE OF MEMBRANE USING CONDUCTIVITY TEST ON PEANUT LOCAL VARIETY “WALAKARI” EAST SUMBA

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Quality seeds are the main factor in supporting the success of production in agriculture. East Sumba has one of the local varieties of peanuts called “Walakari”. However, the problem is that there is a decrease in yield among farmers caused by the quality of the seeds used having decreased. Seeds that are stored for too long will experience seed deterioration. The aim of the study was to determine the quality of the local variety Walakari peanut as a typical bean of East Sumba through seed health and electrical conductivity tests to see the level of leakage of the seed membrane. The study used a completely randomized design with 10 treatments, 2 replications consisting of P0 (control), P1 (coconut water immersion 50ml/L aquadest), P2 (coconut water immersion 150ml/L aquadest), P3 (coconut water immersion 250ml/L aquadest) , P4 (betel leaf extract immersion 50ml/L aquadest), P5 (betel leaf extract immersion 150ml/L aquadest), P6 (betel leaf extract immersion 250ml/L aquadest), P7 (50ml/L aquadest chili extract), P8 ( 150ml/L aquadest chili extract, P9 (250ml/L aquadest chili extract). The results of the seed health test showed that the Walakari variety was included in the moderate to severe infection category. However, with the immersion treatment of local ingredients, betel leaf extract was able to suppress the spread of disease-causing microorganisms up to 96%. Meanwhile, the results of the membrane leakage test using the conductivity test showed that the average value of the electrical conductivity of Walakari variety peanut seeds in all treatments was included in the high category, except for the betel leaf extract soaking treatment. High conductivity values ​​indicate low seed vigor.&#x0D;

Changes in Chemical Composition of Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) after Alkali Immersion Treatment under Various Immersion Times

This research aimed to analyze the change in chemical composition of the betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) strands after alkali immersion treatment under various immersion times. The bamboo culms were converted into strands with the target length, width, and thickness of 70, 25, and 0.5 mm, respectively. Strands were alkali immersion-treated with 1% NaOH solution for 1, 2, and 3 h. Preparation of powder for chemical component analysis refers to the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) standard T 264 cm-07 regarding the preparation of wood test samples for chemical analysis. Structural and non-structural bamboo strand chemical components such as holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, hemicellulose, klason lignin, and extractives were analyzed. The results showed that alkali immersion treatment decreased the hemicellulose content from 21.55% before treatment to 20.30% after 3 h immersion. Thus, it changed the holocellulose and alpha-cellulose composition. Alkali immersion treatment also changed the extractive substances dissolved in cold water, hot water, 1% NaOH, and ethanol-benzene solution. The decrease in hemicellulose, molecular weight lignin, and extractive substances would be beneficial for bamboo-oriented strand board manufacture to improve strand adhesion, dimensional stability, mechanical properties, and durability against biological agents attack. Keywords: alkali immersion times, alkali immersion treatment, bamboo, chemical components, pre-treatment

Metal ions-doped electrospinning nanofiber films with changeable hydrophobic surface and adjustable tensile properties

The preparation of hydrophobic surfaces has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields. Among them, the electrospinning technique stands out for its convenience, simplicity, and ease of manipulation. In this work, porous and uniform size CA-P(AA-AM) nanofiber films were prepared by the electrospinning method. Subsequently, the metal ions were introduced to form CA-P(AA-AM)-metal ions nanofiber films. The morphology and structure of the films were characterized through SEM, EDS-Mapping, XRD, and XPS. Besides, the tensile properties of P(AA-AM)-metal ions nanofiber films were tested by Tensile test, and the hydrophobicity of nanofiber membranes was analyzed by the water contact angle (WCA) test. The results showed that all P(AA-AM)-metal ion nanofiber membranes exhibited good hydrophobicity. And after 12 h of immersion treatment, the water contact angle increased by more than 60%. Furthermore, CA/P(AA-AM)-Cu nanofiber films and CA/P(AA-AM)-Cd nanofiber films show enhanced elastic moduli due to the coordination of metal ions to P(AA-AM).

Persistent Knowledge Gaps Regarding Exertional Heat Stroke Treatment.

Individualized patient care is ideal for treating and rehabilitating patients with athletic illnesses and injuries. Exertional heat stroke (EHS) treatment best-practice recommendations state that all patients should undergo identical cold-water immersion (CWI) treatment for ideal outcomes. It is unknown, however, whether CWI can be optimized with individualized treatment plans, encouraging personalized medicine. To accomplish this task, clinicians and researchers need to better understand the factors affecting CWI effectiveness. In this short report, we will provide an update to the American College of Sports Medicine Roundtable on Exertional Heat Stroke, review research regarding EHS treatment, and identify knowledge gaps in EHS treatment.

Microstructural origin of adhesion and corrosion properties of Ti-based conversion coatings on A6063 alloy

Chemical conversion coatings are widely used as a surface treatment for aluminum alloys to improve the adhesion of organic coatings and corrosion resistance. Because hexavalent chromium in chromate conversion coatings is toxic and carcinogenic, much effort has been made to replace them with chromium-free coatings. In this study, we searched for conditions to obtain impact adhesion and salt spray corrosion resistance equivalent to those of chromate conversion coatings on extruded A6063 alloy, and observed the microstructure of titanium-based conversion coatings. Discontinuous fine particulate titanium-oxide formed on the aluminum matrix at the initial stage of immersion treatment. A continuous titanium-oxide layer of 50 nm thick formed on the matrix after 5 min of immersion, whereas the titanium-oxide above 1 µm in thickness formed on the Al–Fe–Si intermetallic particles. Controlling the thickness of titanium-oxide layer in sub-50-nm improves the adhesion, while the thick conversion coatings on the intermetallic particles did not affect the adhesion. However, the thin discontinuous conversion coatings have poor corrosion resistance due to insufficient barrier effect. Therefore, we succeeded in achieving impact adhesion and salt spray corrosion resistance equivalent to those of chromate conversion coatings by densely dispersing titanium-oxide particles 20–50 nm thick on the matrix.

Enhancement of Antibacterial Activity of Face Mask with Gold Nanoparticles

The emergence of new dangerous diseases worldwide has led to the need to think about the possibility of enhancing prevention by using new technologies. One of the most important requirements emphasized in the recent studies is the effectiveness of the masks against pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the efficiency of anti-infection protective face masks against bacteria was enhanced by using gold nanoparticles prepared by the chemical precipitation method. The absorption spectrum of the prepared gold suspension shows a clear plasmonic peak at 522 nm. The measurements showed that the sample was made of polypropylene fibers, where X-ray diffraction tests showed peaks matching its crystalline structure. Immersion with gold suspension led to the emergence of peaks belonging to the composition of gold. The immersion treatment increased Young's modulus from 36.5 to 61.7 Mpa. The antibacterial assay showed the efficacy of the samples against E-Coli bacteria with an inhibition zone of 3 cm.

Studi Penelitian Panjang Kritis Serat Alam Dengan Perlakuan Perendaman Natrium Hidroksida

&lt;em&gt;The purpose of this study was to determine the critical length of palm fiber, kenaf fiber, pineapple fiber, agave fiber, and coconut fiber with NaOH immersion treatment. This study was determine the effect of NaOH immersion treatment on the critical length of fiber. This research is an experimental exploratory research. The independent variables in this study were palm fiber, kenaf fiber, pineapple fiber, agave fiber, and coconut fiber with the dependent variable is the critical fiber length. To find the critical length of fiber using single fiber tensile test and single fiber pull out test. The data obtainde from the test results are then analyzed using formula equation to determine the critical length of each fiber. Data analysis techniques using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the critical length of palm fiber, kenaf fiber, agave fiber, and coconut fiber with NaOH immersion treatment was shorter than the critical length of fiber without NaOH immersion treatment. Agave fiber has the shortest critical fiber length. The critical length of the fiber with NaOH immersion treatment are palm fiber 4.6 mm, kenaf fiber 5.4 mm, pineapple fiber 3.6 mm, agave fiber 2.2 mm, and coconut fiber 3.0 mm. &lt;/em&gt;