Immaterial Work Research Articles

Evaluation as Devaluation: The Labour of Critique in Fashion Education

A “critique” means something quite different in the art and design classroom than it does in the seminar room: an event of assessing students’ artwork. The monopolization of critique as a labour of appraisal serves to enforce that the hours fashion students spend crafting wearable garments are not remunerable labour hours but intangible investments in their own professional and personal development, installing a quite literal distinction between the material work created by the student and the immaterial work of the tutor to assign, guide, and grade it. This pedagogy helps naturalize the asymmetrical distribution of time and obligation through which the arts university precaritizes faculty in short-term work contracts while imprisoning students in long-term loans. By licensing its monopoly on critique to instructors within the studio-classroom so they may evaluate and thereby devaluate the work of students, the university insulates itself from solidarity between its different constituencies.

APONTAMENTOS TEÓRICOS PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DE COLETIVOS MULTITUDINÁRIOS

This article aims to understand how university student collectives organize themselves based on strategies, struggles, resistance and biopolitical production. Of a theoretical nature, we resorted mainly to the concepts of multitude, common and immaterial work elaborated by Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt. Such theoretical assumptions help us to understand the configuration and organization of these new clusters. What was evidenced based on what was built during the theoretical path undertaken in the present work was the emergence of new forms of collective production that enable an environment of plural and democratic coexistence and whose purpose is the production of the common.

The productive home. Towards a new domestic environment with immaterial work

The dwelling always held work activities. However, with the emergence of capital, work spread more and more in the city, abandoning the dwelling due to new dynamics of mass production and accumulation that were no longer suited to the small scale of the house. It resulted in a gradual rethinking of domestic spaces, leading to the definition of the established duality of home/work. Instead, the digital revolution and the advent of capital’s ‘immaterial work’ in western countries placed the domestic space as the potential epicentre of capitalist production. Immaterial work is not bound by spatial constraints and can therefore be carried out anywhere, even and especially at home. The insertion of production dynamics within the domestic sphere is generating numerous spatial-temporal conflicts of traditional places and functions, leading to new everyday life and new spatial needs. The paper therefore analyses the changing dynamics of the home and its spatial possibilities emerging from the potential merge of immaterial productivity with domesticity.

The quality of a professional portfolio career in the post-industrial era

ABSTRACT Post-industrial society has witnessed trends according to which the labour market has become more flexible, services have expanded and immaterial work and horizontal work organisation has emerged, shaping professions in respect to the employment and work they can offer. An outcome of these trends is a portfolio career, an employment pattern based on holding down multiple jobs, which increases the variation in the quality of career trajectories. Portfolio careers, however, are shaped at the intersection of industry and profession. This article studies the quality of a professional portfolio career by investigating the employment pattern and the task profile. Two case studies, one involving business consulting professionals and the other professionals in the creative industry, are investigated. The study is based on the analysis of interview data. For both professional groups, the quality of employment was impaired by the insecurity inherent in a portfolio career, but the quality of the professional profile of tasks was relatively adequate. For the consulting professionals studied, the quality of the task profile is due to the coherent but multidisciplinary continuum of tasks, which in turn is due to the market-based service industry. For the professionals in the creative industry, the profile consisted of professional tasks and tasks external to the profession, which is due to underemployment in the industry.

Speculative Justice as Decolonial Intervention. The Aesthetics and Politics of the Bureau des Dépositions

The Bureau des Depositions (Bureau of Depositions) is an ensemble of ten co-authors with varying legal and administrative statuses, the majority of whom were born and lived in Guinea, West Africa, prior to making their journey to France in 2016 or 2017 in order to demand asylum. The Bureau, declared an immaterial work, also comprises a series of performances and ongoing research-creation processes that are signed in co-authorship. This includes the performance Exercises de justice speculative (Exercises in Speculative Justice), through which the Bureau’s co-dependence is asserted in the face of deportation orders from France that threaten both the lives of the undocumented members and the work that is the Bureau des Depositions. Through the strategic use of French laws that protect the integrity of art works, author’s rights (droits d’auteur) are mobilised in order to petition for the co-authors’ right to remain in France, with the gamble here being that this could potentially be more effective than appealing to rights of asylum or the sanctity of human (non-citizen) life. As such, the Bureau seeks to create (legal) precedence and participate in the processual transformation of law and life. The performance is not simply about migratory violence, but is a speculative work whose «transformative properties» are used in order to protect the lives of the artists – a work that both points to the limitations of existing (Western) justice and exceeds it, suggesting an alternative conception of justice embodied by the Bureau. Having witnessed the Exercises in October 2020 in Marseille, we provide a narrative of the work, its genesis and precedents, and a series of reflections upon themes raised, including: the representation of minority speech within and beyond contemporary art, economies of testimony, intellectual property rights and collective creative practices, histories of sans papiers activism in France, the production of criminal lives, a politics of the living and the performance of justice. In our reading, the work enacts a decolonial aesthetics that intervenes through an alternative framework of representation and justice. An English translation of a partial score of the Exercises de justice speculative performance is also included.

A impossibilidade normativa de patente de código fonte no Brasil e o problema do plágio de software

Discute-se a ausência da possibilidade normativa de patente de programa de computador no Brasil e os efeitos decorrentes da falta de uma adequada proteção a tal obra imaterial que não pode ser comparada às demais obras artísticas e literárias, como atualmente ocorre na legislação brasileira. Como o software em si não é adequadamente protegido, há um incentivo ao plágio e contrafação. Isto submete a pessoa do originador do programa de computador a riscos e incertezas de ter que se valer dos meios comuns para proteção do seu patrimônio, sem que haja, contudo, garantia de exclusividade e primazia sobre sua obra intelectual, que é o código-fonte. Usando o método dedutivo e a pesquisa bibliográfica, propõe-se a necessidade de atualização da lei, para que esta se adeque, por exemplo, a países que possuem enfoque no empreendedorismo, tal como os Estados Unidos. Conclui o artigo que não é possível se alcançar um salutar empreendedorismo se às pessoas com olhar inovador e inventivo não forem asseguradas, pela lei, a exclusividade e primazia de sua criação por razoável lapso de tempo.

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY IN MODERN ERA AND THEIR MOST RELEVANCE IN JANPADODHVANCE W S R TO COVID 19.

Background: Ayurveda, the study of life, is the most antiquated clinical area of human progress in Indian Culture. A portion of the essential standards depicted in Ayurveda are as yet equivalent to todays clinical science. Ayurveda doesn't have a particular book as the study of disease transmission, however the standards portrayed in scatered can be aggregated, broke down, and deciphered in the light of current hypotheses of the study of disease transmission as Janpadodvance. Objective: An underlying deliberate writing survey to prove Janpadodwance as Epidemiology on internet‑based web crawlers uncovered truly immaterial work in the field of Ayurveda and the study of disease transmission. Henceforth, an endeavor was made to investigate different standards of Ayurveda pertinent to Janpadodvance as the study of disease transmission and decipher their significance. Methodology: The work is essentially founded on hypothetical research utilizing Ayurvedic Samhita and Standard Text Book of Ayurveda and Who Gudeline for Pandemic as Covid 19. Discussion: A great number of standards are found in the Samhita of Ayurveda, which can be contrasted and the ideas of the study of disease transmission. During the time spent hypothetical investigation, the accompanying ideas were discovered significant, for example, the idea of causation of ailment ( Sadharan Hetu )/Etiology of infection, reasons for pandemic, order of malady, methods of transmittable sickness transmission, and common history of ailment as notice in Sushrut samhita as Janpadodhwance. In this examination, endeavor has been made to comprehend these ideas in the light of the study of disease transmission with their most estimated correlation. In any case, being a traditional Vedic Knowledge, it has its own allure that can precisely be contrasted and the ideas of the study of disease transmission and idea of Janpadodwansa Conclusion: It is fascinating to take note of that the focuses portrayed hundreds of years back are particularly applicable at this current period, and their significance can't be dismissed.

Reflections on work in the contemporary context of the creative economy

Abstract This article aims to reflect upon the concept of work in the field of creative economy, as well as its contribution to the understanding of the culture of these kinds of organizations in the contemporary context. It is an exploratory study, based on bibliographic and documentary research. The theoretical framework is grounded on the notions of work, with emphasis on immaterial work (Lazzarato & Negri, 2001; Schwartz & Durrive, 2015), rhizome (Deleuze & Guattari, 2000) and symbolic power (Bourdieu, 2002) to reflect on the context of creative economy (Florida, 2011; Howkins, 2013). As a main result of this initial reflection, it is understood that the interactions that are expected for and by creative economy workers move between a rhizomatic and libertarian perspective and a structural one based on shared values. In this case, organizations assume a different configuration through the culture expressed by norms and symbolic disputes, incorporated by each group in the conduct of their projects.

FORMACIÓN, EMPLEO Y MERCADO LABORAL EN LA ECONOMÍA DIGITAL

The objective is to analyze the implications of ICT in the digital economy and the labor market, in addition to its effects on digital skills for the labor market. The method is qualitative under the modular research model by transformation object, with argumentative and conceptual design, of descriptive type. The results highlight that the impact of technological change in the labor market lies in changing the work schemes and the characteristics of the labor market, where digital factors are determinants in work activities that go beyond the production process, by directly influencing areas of the professional and personal life of workers; as well as in the structure of the labor market. The main findings reveal that above a better salary stipend, currently there are strategies with greater labor flexibility for the development of workers, which suggests that ICT in general and the Internet in particular, they are central factors of technological change and the new context of the labor economy. In conclusion, ICTs lead to a change in the profile of workers, which implies that they are in constant training, through connectivity strategies that allow them to develop digital skills and immaterial work.

La teoría del valor y sus manifestaciones contemporáneas

Este trabajo explora las manifestaciones contemporáneas de la teoría del valor en economía, desde la perspectiva de Gérard Jorland, que se pregunta por el conocimiento de cada momento histórico de una ciencia en curso y que debe permitir abordar el proceso por el cual los científicos desechan o adoptan una u otra teoría y argumentan el porqué de esa elección. Esto significa que las teorías nacen con la intención de resolver problemas heredados y/o resolver los problemas que ellas mismas crean; en el momento en que no respondan a estos problemas, las teorías mueren. La intensión es explorar la teoría del valor derivada de los argumentos marxistas, planteada por Lazzarato y Negri a partir del concepto de trabajo inmaterial, como alternativa a la de la ciencia normal Neoliberal.

A Vida na Lógica do Trabalho Imaterial: Análise do Acolhimento Temporário de Animais

This study aimed to explore the strategy of living life through the immaterial labor logic, focusing on the practice of animals’ temporary housing. In this regard, an exploratory research was conducted through a case study. ADeep interviews were carried out with animal caretakers, and the transcription material was submitted to content analysis. The survey results allowed the view of the logic of immaterial work scope and managerial management in instances of life, not necessarily regarding lucrative activity. The results show the use of free time and available personal resources, and the self mobilization and management in favor of the reception practiced as a mission, which form a strategy to live individualistic life along the lines of liquid-modern society. With this, a strategy of clash is not established,, but an uncritical reproduction of the prevailing logic in the current ways of working.

Mobile work in crisis

This paper explores some of the complexities and practices of the massively distributed and mobile work of crisis response. The analysis is motivated by our work of applying insights from social science studies to socio-technical and organisational innovation in crisis management. Insights from ethnographic observations of physically mobilising a multi-agency emergency response are contrasted with a study of troubles in mobilising data for multi-agency and cross border collaboration in crisis management. The analysis shows that a situated interactive order of trust as well as reflexive social and material practices that make for productive rapports are critical for good collaboration. We explore how a deeper understanding of such practices can shed light upon difficulties encountered around supporting interoperability based in immaterial mobile work of networked collaborations.

Trabalho imaterial: divergências teóricas e conceituais

This article did a theoretical contraposition among the ideas developed by Antonio Negri and Maurizio Lazzarato and those proposed by Andre Gorz. The objective of this confrontation was verified by the differences and the proximities of the arguments these authors develop about the “immaterial work” category. Therefore, we studied a theoretical-analytical conceptual approach presented by these respective authors on their essays. Our conclusion is that this term is surrounded by conceptual imprecision and its fundaments are differently presented among these authors.

Capacitações perecíveis do trabalhador: a busca de saberes comportamentais e técnicos no novo capitalismo

Este artigo problematiza as estratégias pelas quais a atualização permanente de saberes se impôs como imprescindível ao perfil profissional contemporâneo. Para tanto, opero com os conceitos foucaultianos de discurso, cuidados de si e tecnologias do eu, bem como trabalho imaterial, de Lazzarato e Negri - articulados a uma crítica ao capital humano - , a fim de analisar o caderno Empregos & Oportunidades do jornal Zero Hora. Centrando-me nas exigências comportamentaise técnicas, destaco algumas implicações: o autoconhecimento torna-se a resposta à trivialidade do trabalho, orientando o sujeito a estabelecer relações superficiais consigo e com o outro; a busca por conhecimento técnico gera contingentes de trabalhadores capacitados que se mantêm em defasagem; a inovação faz-se "dobradiça" entre o mercado e a exigência de novos saberes. Hoje, a condição perecível das capacitações dá o tom à formação do trabalhador.

Exhibition Histories and New Media Behaviours

Abstract How can a history of exhibitions inform curators on the challenges of exhibiting new media art? How can histories of exhibitions dealing with interaction and participation inform the curation of new media art involving these behaviours? Exhibitions of broadly conceptual or immaterial work such as Information (1970) and Les Immatériaux (1985) lead to an examination of exhibitions where participation is key, including Bodyspacemotionthings (1971 and 2009), Serious Games (1996), 010101 (2001), The Art of Participation (2008), and Current (2011). New media artworks including Talkaoke, www_hack, and Random Information Exchange help to establish critical categories for different kinds of participatory systems. For future critical art histories of participatory art exhibitions, I propose that an effective method would include a combination of documentary sources, such as installation images, audience data, and crowd-sourced documentation.

Cartografia: aproximação metodológica para produção do conhecimento em gestão de pessoas

No âmbito das discussões acerca das possibilidades metodológicas para pesquisas sobre gestão de pessoas, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a cartografia como alternativa ao uso dos métodos tradicionais, contribuindo assim para inovar a construção do conhecimento em administração. Ainda pouco explorada nessa área, a cartografia consiste no mapeamento de territórios psicossociais, acompanhando as linhas de força que os constituem. Atenta aos processos que compõem a subjetividade e que se passam entre os estados instituídos, busca abarcar a complexidade da vida, resistindo às tendências reducionistas de métodos simplificadores. Neste artigo descreve-se o percurso metodológico de uma pesquisa que busca não apenas apreender as conexões efetuadas em um blog coletivo ligado a uma política pública, mas também analisar as possibilidades de cooperação na produção do trabalho e de si, concebidas em um contexto de trabalho imaterial. A pesquisa apresentada está sendo desenvolvida na internet, que também se configura como um campo ainda em exploração, sobretudo se considerarmos a abordagem qualitativa. Quanto aos resultados apresentados neste artigo, eles não dizem respeito ao objetivo da pesquisa em andamento, mas às experimentações do método cartográfico tematizado. Diferente de divulgar resultados parciais da investigação inacabada, trata-se do exercício do próprio método: a construção das metas no percurso da investigação. A cartografia prima pela processualidade, o que permite tomar como valioso também o compartilhamento dessa experiência em seus diferentes momentos de produção. No final do artigo, a cartografia é indicada como alternativa aos métodos tradicionais de pesquisa, contribuindo dessa forma para a produção do conhecimento sobre o trabalho no cenário contemporâneo.

Trabalho imaterial, medo, solidão: "amigos de aluguel" na sociedade líquido-moderna

This article resulted from an exploratory study that aimed to put out under consideration themes like fear and loneliness in the liquid-modern society. In this regard it took as object the unusual immaterial work called Friends for Rent (Amigos de Aluguel), which was visible in the electronic media from 2009. The references of analysis emerged from sites allusive to the offered work which aims to meet individuals who feel the weight of fear and loneliness in everyday life. Authors such as Zygmunt Bauman, Richard Sennett and Vincent de Gaulejac, in particular, were important to support the understanding of the results since they indicate that the immaterial labor called Friends for Rent as a way of producing life-styles or modes of existence, and an indicator of fear and loneliness in modern liquid society just for its effectiveness, even if temporary, masking the experience of both.

Relações públicas no capitalismo cognitivo

O objetivo deste ensaio é apontar brevemente os principais aspectos teóricos sobre as mudanças paradigmáticas no capitalismo, além de aproximar a questão das relações públicas refletindo sobre a efetividade ou não de seus pressupostos quanto ao potencial de colaborar para aumentar a potenciação das forças produtivas. As mudanças engendradas pelo capitalismo cognitivo se revelam em múltiplas dimensões, entre elas o trabalho imaterial, as quais instituem novos paradigmas nas relações capital-trabalho, mas não extraem da atividade de relações públicas o seu poder de contribuir para estabelecer relações de cumplicidade entre a organização e os seus “colaboradores” e de angariar consensos na sociedade.

Trabalho imaterial bancário, lazer e a vivência de dilemas pessoais contemporâneos

Este artigo busca compreender a interação do trabalho imaterial com o lazer nos modos de trabalhar e de viver de bancários inseridos em um Banco Múltiplo Privado; pondera-se também se tal interação se configura em dilemas pessoais contemporâneos. O estudo, de caráter exploratório, contou com a participação de 15 sujeitos que foram entrevistados em seus locais de trabalho. A análise de conteúdo se deu à luz do referencial teórico sobre trabalho imaterial bancário, lazer e dilemas pessoais contemporâneos, tendo como suporte autores como Bauman (2007), Castells (2000), Dumazedier (2008), Dejours (2008) e Gaulejac (2007). Os resultados indicam que o trabalho imaterial bancário interfere no lazer dos bancários; pode até mesmo impedi-lo, desencadeando vivências de dilemas pessoais, uma vez que constantemente suas escolhas relativas ao dever e ao lazer não encontram alternativas satisfatórias. Se optam pelo lazer, preservam as relações familiares, mas sofrem o desprezo dos colegas; se optam pelo trabalho, preservam as relações de coleguismo, mas sofrem as reclamações da família, por exemplo.

New Adventures in Classroom: An Analysis about Education in Control Society

A society that is characterized by the expansion of control devices can generate different analyses about how these collaborate to produce ways of living that are put in circulation in the social sphere. The present article attempts to make the cartography of some changes that are being precipitated in different institutions, especially in school, once it comes out as an alive field to be explored and reinvented by their agents. The objective is to review the possibilities of implication with knowledge production and with the promotion of learning in contemporary schools. We use as a reference the context of the affective immaterial work, in which teacher's activities can be located, to investigate: How do the control devices appear in the educational context? How can we understand the affective relationships that are lived at the classroom in our days? Which are the new challenges for the teachers in this mutant context?