Pesticides Imidacloprid Research Articles

Detection of Changes in Monoamine Neurotransmitters by the Neonicotinoid Pesticide Imidacloprid Using Mass Spectrometry

Monoamine neurotransmitters (MAs), including dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), regulate brain functions such as behavior, memory, and learning. Neonicotinoids are pesticides that are being used more frequently. Neonicotinoid exposure has been observed to produce neurological symptoms, such as altered spontaneous movements and anxiety-like behaviors, which are suspected to be caused by altered MA levels. However, current neurotoxicity tests are not sufficiently sensitive enough to make these determinations. In this study, we performed some behavior tests, and derivatization reagents to improve the ionization efficiency, which was applied to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to reveal the effect of neonicotinoid administration on MAs in the brain. We orally administered the neonicotinoid imidacloprid (0, 10, and 50 mg/kg body weight) to C57BL/6NCrSlc mice. In the behavior tests, a decrease in activity was observed. The LC-MS/MS quantification of MAs in various brain regions showed a decrease in some MA levels in the olfactory bulb and the striatum. These results showed, for the first time, that even a low dose of imidacloprid could alter MA levels in various parts of the brain.

Imidacloprid induced growth, hematological, neuro-behavior, anti-oxidant, economic, genetic, and histopathological alterations in Clarias gariepinus: Alleviative role of dietary Hyphaene thebaica

The current study was a pioneer attempt to explore the toxicological impacts of imidacloprid (IMI) pesticide and to investigate the efficiency of Hyphaene thebaica fruit (HTF) as a dietary supplement in attenuating the IMI effect in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish were sampled after 2 months of exposure to IMI (1/5 LC50: nominal 2.03 μg/L) and HTF (15 g/kg diet) supplementation, in combination or individually. Growth, hematological, stress, and antioxidant indicators, besides the mRNA expression of various genes in gills tissues and immunohistochemical and economic parameters, were assessed. The outcomes demonstrated that IMI exposure induced behavioral changes, and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the majority of the measured variables including growth, hematology, economic efficiency, neurotransmitter (acetylcholine esterase), glucose level, and antioxidant capacity (catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)). Additionally, IMI dysregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5), Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR-1), lysozyme C (LYSC), lysozyme G (LYSG), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), myeloperoxidase (MYE), CXC chemokine (CXC), heat shock proteins 90 (HSP90), and SOD1 in the gills. On the other hand, marked increases in the serum malondialdehyde and stress indicator (cortisol) with the highest mortality losses were detected in IMI-exposed fish. Histopathological disorders are detected in the brain post-exposure to IMI including marked neuronal vacuolation, neuronophagia, and complete neuronal loss with weak BCL-2 and marked caspase-3 immunoreactivity. The dietary intervention with HTF revealed a noticeable modulation in the aforementioned parameters and regeneration in the histological architecture. Taken together, the IMI induces severe stress, and behavioral and histological alterations, and impairs the C. gariepinus growth, economic efficiency, and hematological, and antioxidant efficacy through the negative transcriptional impact on the associated genes. Nevertheless, the dietary HTF (15 g/kg diet) could be utilized as a potential natural growth promoter, antioxidant modulator, and against IMI hazards for sustaining aquaculture.

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Microneedle Sensor for the Detection of Imidacloprid Pesticides in Food Samples.

A portable, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based microneedle (MN) sensor for the electrochemical detection of imidacloprid (IDP) has been demonstrated. The MN sensor was fabricated via layer-by-layer (LbL) in-tube coating using a carbon nanotube (CNT)/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composite, and an IDP-imprinted polyaniline layer co-polymerized with imidazole-functionalized CNCs (PANI-co-CNC-Im) as the biomimetic receptor film. The sensor, termed MIP@CNT/CNC MN, was analyzed using both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and showed excellent electrochemical performance for the detection of IDP. The CV detection range for IDP was 2.0-99 µM, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.35 µM, while the DPV detection range was 0.20-92 µM with an LOD of 0.06 µM. Additionally, the MIP@CNT/CNC MN sensor showed excellent reusability and could be used up to nine times with a 1.4 % relative standard deviation (% RSD) between uses. Lastly, the MIP@CNT/CNC MN sensor successfully demonstrated the quantification of IDP in a honey sample.

Synthetic fertilizers alter floral biophysical cues and bumblebee foraging behavior.

The use of agrochemicals is increasingly recognized as interfering with pollination services due to its detrimental effects on pollinators. Compared to the relatively well-studied chemical toxicity of agrochemicals, little is known on how they influence various biophysical floral cues that are used by pollinating insects to identify floral rewards. Here, we show that widely used horticultural and agricultural synthetic fertilizers affect bumblebee foraging behavior by altering a complex set of interlinked biophysical properties of the flower. We provide empirical and model-based evidence that synthetic fertilizers recurrently alter the magnitude and dynamics of floral electrical cues, and that similar responses can be observed with the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid. We show that biophysical responses interact in modifying floral electric fields and that such changes reduce bumblebee foraging, reflecting a perturbation in the sensory events experienced by bees during flower visitation. This unveils a previously unappreciated anthropogenic interference elicited by agrochemicals within the electric landscape that is likely relevant for a wide range of chemicals and organisms that rely on naturally occurring electric fields.

Adsorption behavior of imidacloprid pesticide on polar microplastics under environmental conditions: critical role of photo-aging

Adsorption behavior of imidacloprid pesticide on polar microplastics under environmental conditions: critical role of photo-aging

A ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on molecularly imprinted multilevel mesoporous silica for highly sensitive detection of imidacloprid

Herein, A ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on molecularly imprinted multilevel mesoporous silica (MIFP—SiCQDs@CdTe QDs) was designed for highly sensitive detection of imidacloprid (IDP) pesticide with long half-life in soil, plants, and water environments. In this sensor, CdTe QDs were anchored onto the multilevel mesoporous of MIFP—SiCQDs by post-imprinting modification as the analytical signal to improve the detection sensitivity of the conventional doping method (d-MIFP). The results showed that the synthesized MIFP—SiCQDs@CdTe QDs possessed both small mesopore (2–3 nm) and large mesopore (5–50 nm), which is favorable for the anchoring of CdTe QDs (about 2–3 nm in diameter) and the mass transfer of IDP into them. Due to the multilevel mesoporous structure and low background, the sensor responded well to the addition of IDP in the range of 5 ng mL−1–0.5 μg mL−1 with a detection limit of 3.55 ng mL−1. The MIFP—SiCQDs@CdTe QDs sensor was successfully applied to determine IDP levels in real samples with the average recovery ranging from 97.64 to 109.88% and RSD values ranging from 1.00 to 4.65%. Furthermore, the quenching mechanism of MIFP—SiCQDs@CdTe QDs by IDP was considered to be the dynamic quenching. These results proved that the construction of multilevel mesoporous and post-imprinting modification of the analytical signal is an effective method to improve the sensitivity of d-MIP.

Prussian blue analogues based polymer monolith with amphiphilic interface to construct highly selective and sensitive imidacloprid chemosensor

The most widely used assays for pesticides currently rely on the inhibition of natural enzymes, which are particularly sensitive to the surrounding environment, leading to some unreliable results. Up till now, there are few studies explored chemical detection methods for these stable pesticides. Here, we reported a novel chemosensor system and polymer materials for highly sensitive detection of imidacloprid pesticide. The polymer monolith with tunable surface hydrophilicity allows solvent-dependent adsorption of low-abundance target pesticide molecule. Prussian blue particles with Fenton catalytic activity were introduced into the polymeric monolith through Pickering emulsion, which capable of degrading the pesticide adsorbed on the column surface into easily detectable ions (NO3−, Cl−). This all-in-one functional material can minimize the interference of other non-target molecules through dual-channel detection, enabling sensitive detection of imidacloprid pesticide (30 ppb). We believe that the material described in this paper demonstrates for the first time the combination of an active polymer monolith for the enrichment and catalytic degradation with sensitive detection of pesticides, and this protocol can be used to develop a range of pesticides chemical sensing methods in the future.

Microplastics mulch film affects the environmental behavior of adsorption and degradation of pesticide residues in soil

Plastic pollution in the soil ecosystem is currently receiving worldwide attention. However, little is known whether the presence of microplastics (MPs) in soil will affect the environmental behavior of pesticide residues in soil. Here, the effect of the addition of new mulch MPs (New-MPs), aged mulch MPs (Aged-MPs) and biodegradable mulch MPs (BioD-MPs) on the adsorption and degradation behaviors of two pesticides (imidacloprid and flumioxazin) in soil was investigated. Three MPs slowed down rapid adsorption stage of pesticides in soil and delayed the time to reach adsorption equilibrium. Adsorption rates: Soil > Soil + New-MPs > Soil + Aged-MPs > Soil + BioD-MPs. Three MPs enhanced the adsorption strength of the soil system for the two pesticides, and the aging treatment of the MPs enhanced this effect. Three MPs affected the degradation process of the two pesticides. New-MPs promoted the degradation of two pesticides imidacloprid and flumioxazin, and the degradation half-lives were shortened to 0.93 and 0.85 times, respectively; while Aged-Mps and BioD-MPs delayed the degradation process of two pesticides, and the degradation half-lives were extended to 1.64 times and 1.21 times, respectively. The effect was more significant with the increase of MPs and pesticides concentration. Pesticide polarity, surface structure and functional groups of MPs are potentially important reasons for the differences in adsorption and degradation of MPs-soil systems. Our findings provide a deep insight into understanding the mechanism of interaction between MPs and pesticide residues in soil environment.

Highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for detecting imidacloprid pesticide using novel silver nanoparticles/mesoporous carbon/hematite ore ternary nanocomposite

The increasing use of neonicotinoid class of pesticides in agriculture is a major concern for environmental pollution and water resource and can cause adverse health effects. Herein, we report a novel electrochemical sensor for sensitive and selective determination of Imidacloprid (IMC) pesticide using Ag nanoparticles deposited on mesoporous carbon and naturally extracted hematite ore (Ag@Meso-C/Hematite Ore) nanocomposite. The morphology and surface structure of undoped hematite ore disclosed the combination of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 phases with a nanorod shape, whereas the ternary nanocomposite showed homogenously dispersed carbon nanomaterials and AgNPs with an average diameter 6.65 nm over the naturally extracted ore. The electrocatalytic investigation demonstrated irreversible diffusion-controlled kinetics with four-electron and four-proton exchanged electro-reduction. Detection of IMC by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) depicts a wide linear detection range (63 – 870 μM) with a sensitivity 0.1955 μAμM-1cm-2 and a detection limit 1.06 μM. Additionally, excellent sensitivity (0.8113 μAμM-1cm-2) and a detection limit (0.257 μM) was ensured within a wide range of 10.80–195.50 µM using the amperometic technique. The excellent sensing performance is likely related to the combination of merits of the three different components of the ternary nanocomposite. Moreover, during the IMC detection, the Ag@Meso-C/Hematite Ore based sensor electrode exhibited a unique selectivity behavior and excellent reproducibility, repeatability, and storage stability. Finally, the current developed sensory system based on naturally occurring hematite ore can provide a good alternative as a sensitive approach for the detection of various target analytes in chemical sensing studies.

Green Textile Materials for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Identification of Pesticides Using a Raman Handheld Spectrometer for In-Field Detection.

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has evolved into a powerful analytical method in food and environmental analytical sciences due to its high sensitivity. Pesticide analysis is a major discipline therein. Using sustainable materials has become increasingly important to adhere to Green Chemistry principles. Hence, the green textiles poly-(L-lactic acid) (PLA) and the mixed fabric polyethylene terephthalate polyamide (PET/PA) were investigated for their applicability as solid supports for gold nanoparticles to yield SERS substrates. Gold nanoparticle solutions and green textile supports were prepared after preparation optimization. Particle size, dispersity, and particle distribution over the textiles were characterized by absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron imaging. The performance of the SERS substrates was tested using the three pesticides imidacloprid, paraquat, and thiram and a handheld Raman spectrometer with a laser wavelength of 785 nm. The resulting SERS spectra possessed an intra-substrate variation of 7-8% in terms of the residual standard deviation. The inter-substrate variations amounted to 15% for PET/PA and to 27% for PLA. Substrate background signals were smaller with PLA but more enhanced through PET/PA. The pesticides could be detected at 1 pg on PET/PA and at 3 ng on PLA. Hence, PET/PA woven textile soaked with gold nanoparticle solution provides green SERS substrates and might prove, in combination with fieldable Raman spectrometers, suitable for in-field analytics for pesticide identification.

The migration of imidazolidine between liquid and solid phases during the crystallization of imidacloprid

ABSTRACT As an intermediate in the synthesis of pesticide imidacloprid, imidazolidine is easily blended in imidacloprid products, which will lower the purity of the latter, thus affecting the using effects of it. The cooling crystallization method was used to study the distribution of imidazolidine. Taking the imidazolidine removal rate and partition coefficient as assessment criteria, the effect of the cooling rate, final crystallization temperature, crystallization time and addition of seed crystal on the migration of imidazolidine between liquid and solid phases was systematically studied, as well as the separation effect and product quality were evaluated. It was found that imidazolidine was most distributed in the solid phase at a higher cooling rate and a higher final crystallization temperature. The optimal process conditions for cooling crystallization were reached at the cooling rate of 0.2°C/min, the final crystallization temperature 15°C, the crystallization time of 5 h and the addition of seed crystal of 1%, under which the imidazolidine would remained in the liquid phase as much as possible. The final process yield was 83.62%, and the product purity was 99.70%.

Modeling pesticide translocation injected by endotherapy into the stem of coconut tree (Cocos nucifera L.)

Aim of study: To present a mathematical model to simulate the translocation of pesticides injected into coconut trees. Pesticide residues in water and coconut pulp were also evaluated. Area of study: The data were obtained in coconut plants of the Itaporanga Experimental Field, located in the Municipality of Itaporanga d'Ajuda, Sergipe State, Brazil. Material and methods: To estimate the effect of pesticide site-sap coefficients and retardation factors on translocation and its phytosanitary behavior and risk of contamination of coconut fruits, the stipe was modeled by a classic dispersion-advection equation. The pesticides cyproconazole, azoxystrobin, dimethoate, imidacloprid, metalaxyl, and thiamethoxam were injected into the coconut palm stipe. The method used to extract pesticide residues from pulp, water and coconut sap samples was based on the QuEChERS methodology with modifications. Main results: Simulations showed that (i) the pesticides dimethoate, metalaxyl, and thiamethoxan were the active ingredients showing the greatest potential for translocation in the sap of the coconut tree stem; (ii) the pesticides imidacloprid and metalaxyl translocated upward in the stipe, and more rapidly than pesticides abamectin and cyproconazole, which moved slower to the aerial part of coconut plants. In chromatography analysis, no pesticide residues were quantified in water and coconut fruit pulp samples of coconut trees injected with pesticides, after the evaluated intervals. Research highlights: The proposed model allowed us to observe that the translocation is inversely proportional to the sorption of the pesticide in the stem of coconut trees.

Combined toxicity of chlorpyrifos, abamectin, imidacloprid, and acetamiprid on earthworms (Eisenia fetida).

Mixed pesticides have been broadly used in agriculture. However, assessing the combined effects of pesticides in the environment is essential for potential risk assessment, though the task is far from complete. Median lethal concentrations of pesticides as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels and cellulose activities were measured in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) individually and jointly exposed to pesticides imidacloprid (IMI), acetamiprid (ACE), chlorpyrifos (CRF), and abamectin (ABM)). A 3:1 mixture of CRF and IMI had additive effects, while a 3:1 mixture of CRF and ACE had synergic effects. The joint effects of ABM with IMI or with ACE were synergistic. As CRF concentration increased, AChE activities were significantly decreased. For high concentrations of IMI, AChE activities under combined CRF and IMI applications were significantly inhibited following increased exposure time. Moreover, the cellulase activities under combined applications of CRF with IMI or with ACE had similar effects. This study provides basic data for scientifically evaluating the environmental risk and safety of combined uses of pesticides.

Toxicity of the Pesticides Imidacloprid, Difenoconazole and Glyphosate Alone and in Binary and Ternary Mixtures to Winter Honey Bees: Effects on Survival and Antioxidative Defenses.

To explain losses of bees that could occur after the winter season, we studied the effects of the insecticide imidacloprid, the herbicide glyphosate and the fungicide difenoconazole, alone and in binary and ternary mixtures, on winter honey bees orally exposed to food containing these pesticides at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L. Attention was focused on bee survival, food consumption and oxidative stress. The effects on oxidative stress were assessed by determining the activity of enzymes involved in antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in the head, abdomen and midgut; oxidative damage reflected by both lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation was also evaluated. In general, no significant effect on food consumption was observed. Pesticide mixtures were more toxic than individual substances, and the highest mortalities were induced at intermediate doses of 0.1 and 1 µg/L. The toxicity was not always linked to the exposure level and the number of substances in the mixtures. Mixtures did not systematically induce synergistic effects, as antagonism, subadditivity and additivity were also observed. The tested pesticides, alone and in mixtures, triggered important, systemic oxidative stress that could largely explain pesticide toxicity to honey bees.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid and RhB by the precursor derived Bi12.7Co0.3O19.35 under different pH value

The sillenite phase Bi12.7Co0.3O19.35 was prepared successfully by pyrolysis of the BiCo-based metal coordination polymer (BiCo-MCP) as precursor. The preparation was studied under varied temperatures from 600 to 700 °C and different reaction time. SEM images showed the diverse morphologies including amorphous, spindle and flake particle shapes obtained under different conditions. Among them, the spindle particles of pure phase Bi12.7Co0.3O19.35 displayed superior catalytic activity for degradation of imidacloprid and RhB under visible light. The pH of the wastewater was found to have significant influence on the photocatalytic performance of Bi12.7Co0.3O19.35. When pH < 1.91 or pH > 11.0, the photocatalytic degradation rate of imidacloprid pesticide wastewater reached more than 96% for 4 h and when pH < 2.4, the degradation effect of RhB dye could achieve 100% degradation within 30 min. The degradation products of imidacloprid changed with different pH values of wastewater. Two different catalytic mechanisms are proposed according to the capture experiment. Bi12.7Co0.3O19.35 has potential application prospects in the degradation of organic pollutants with high catalytic efficiency and repeatability.

Simultaneous adsorption of cobalt ions, azo dye, and imidacloprid pesticide on the magnetic chitosan/activated carbon@UiO-66 bio-nanocomposite: Optimization, mechanisms, regeneration, and application

• The magnetic chitosan/activated carbon bio-nanocomposite was modified with UiO-66 MOFs. • Ultrasound-assisted simultaneous adsorption removal of cobalt (II) ions, malachite green dye, and imidacloprid pesticide from aqueous solution. • The maximum adsorption capacity of adsorbent in a ternary model were, 44.5, 62.1, and 25.2 mg g −1 for Co (II), MG, and IMI respectively. • The adsorption process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM-CCD). • Adsorption results have been analyzed by isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. In this study, the modification of magnetic chitosan/activated carbon bio-nanocomposite (MCS/AC) with UiO-66 MOFs (MCS/AC@UiO-66) was carried out, and the obtained bio-nanocomposite was applied as an efficient adsorbent for the ultrasound-assisted simultaneous adsorption removal of cobalt (II) ions (Co (II)), malachite green (MG) dye, and imidacloprid (IMI) pesticide from aqueous solution. Assessing the possible interaction and optimization of process parameters including pH, sonication time, adsorbent mass and the concentration of adsorbates was carried out by response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM-CCD). The isotherm experimental data were demonstrated to be great fitted with Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum capacity values of adsorption in a ternary medium were 44.5 mg g −1 , 62.1 mg g −1 , and 25.2 mg g −1 for Co (II), MG, and IMI, respectively. A better description of the adsorption process was provided by using pseudo-second-order model, meaning that chemical adsorption controlled the process. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters illustrated that the adsorption of all contaminants occurred spontaneously and endothermically. MCS/AC@UiO-66 demonstrated to be a superb reusable adsorbent with a high adsorption capacity even after four adsorption–desorption cycles for the removal of all contaminants from various real wastewater samples. It was concluded that MCS/AC@UiO-66 with excellent properties, such as eco-friendly, easy synthesis, cost-effectiveness, fast adsorption kinetic, high adsorption efficiency, simple magnetic separation, and excellent reusability, could be considered as a promising candidate to remove a wide range of contaminants from wastewaters.

Identification of Active Species in Photodegradation of Aqueous Imidacloprid over g-C3N4/TiO2 Nanocomposites

In this work, g-C3N4/TiO2 composites were fabricated through a hydrothermal method for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid (IMI) pesticide. The composites were fabricated at varying loading of sonochemically exfoliated g-C3N4 (denoted as CNS). Complementary characterization results indicate that the heterojunction between the CNS and TiO2 formed. Among the composites, the 0.5CNS/TiO2 material gave the highest photocatalytic activity (93% IMI removal efficiency) under UV-Vis light irradiation, which was 2.2 times over the pristine g-C3N4. The high photocatalytic activity of the g-C3N4/TiO2 composites could be ascribed to the band gap energy reduction and suppression of photo-induced charge carrier recombination on both TiO2 and CNS surfaces. In addition, it was found that the active species involved in the photodegradation process are OH• and holes, and a possible mechanism was proposed. The g-C3N4/TiO2 photocatalysts exhibited stable photocatalytic performance after regeneration, which shows that g-C3N4/TiO2 is a promising material for the photodegradation of imidacloprid pesticide in wastewater.

Highly sensitive and specific determination of imidacloprid pesticide by a novel Fe3O4@SiO2@MIPIL fluorescent sensor

A magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2@MIPIL fluorescent sensor for the determination of imidacloprid (IMD) with high sensitivity and specificity was prepared through surface molecular imprinting technology on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 by using dialkenyl ionic liquid (C) as a fluorescent polymer monomer. The as-prepared sensor was characterized by thermogravimetric, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. Results showed that IMD rapidly quenched the fluorescence of the sensor within 1 min and had an excellent linear relationship to the fluorescent quenching intensity of the sensor within the range of 1–1000 nM (IMD). The LOD was 0.3 nM (S/N = 3). The sensor had a specific response to IMD and was used to detect IMD in actual spiked environmental water and food samples with satisfactory result.

Detection of Changes in Monoamine Neurotransmitters by The Neonicotinoid Pesticide Imidacloprid Using Mass Spectrometry

Detection of Changes in Monoamine Neurotransmitters by The Neonicotinoid Pesticide Imidacloprid Using Mass Spectrometry

A Fast, Sensitive and Validated Analytical Method for Quantitation of Imidacloprid Pesticide Residual in Mangifera indica Matrix by LC-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)

An accurate and precise analytical method was performed for the quantitation of imidacloprid pesticide residue in the matrix of Mangifera indica (alphonso), specific species of Indian mango of Valsad District, Gujarat. The validation of the analytical technique was carried out using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and was done in accordance with the regulatory recommendations. The projected technique is based on QuEChERS Method with a mixture of diluents used followed by clean up with the PSA. Three concentration levels (0.50, 2.55 and 5.10 μg/kg) were used to validate the approach and the outcomes ranged between 70 to 120%, with relative standard deviations (% RSD) of ≤ 20%. The detection and quantification limits were derived at the concentration of 0.010 and 0.50 μg/kg, respectively with a significant %ME of 9.90%. The quantitation of imidacloprid pesticide residue in the mango matrix can be done at a lower quantification level by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS.