Imbalance In Structure Research Articles

Research Review on Rural Forced Bachelor in China

At a time when the gender ratio of the marriageable population is expanding, the current situation of the survival of older unmarried men in rural areas and its negative impact on local economic development, regional stability and social security are receiving increasing attention from the academic community. Based on a systematic review of previous studies, this paper further explores the age and status of the Chinese older unmarried men in rural areas, and figures out the reasons for their being involuntary bachelors at three levels: the marriage squeeze brought about by the imbalance in the population structure of the marriageable age at the macro level, the village culture and the unmarried men’s own factors. This research concludes with strategies to address the problem of older unmarried men in the Chinese rural areas and provides references for future research directions.

A Review of Village Ecosystem Structure and Stability: Implications for the Karst Desertification Control

Villages are places where people gather and live. Due to economic and social development, the irrational behavior of the population has led to an imbalance in the village structure and has threatened the stability of the village ecosystem, resulting in the deterioration of the village environment. Therefore, it is of great necessity to study the structure and stability of village ecosystems and to optimize the structure of village ecosystems to better guide spatial planning and to restore village ecology. This study conducted a literature search and statistical analysis on the structure and stability of village ecosystems based on WOS and CNKI literature databases. We reviewed 105 relevant articles. The current research status and progress are clarified from structural characteristics, structural optimization, structure and function and stability study. To reveal the research achievements and deficiencies of research on the structure and stability of village ecosystems, the vital scientific issues that need to be addressed are summarized based on current research results. The study found that: (1) the quantity of studies on it were on the rise; (2) the study content mainly focused on structure and function (38%) and structural characteristics (21%); (3) the regions studied are mainly in Asia (73%), Europe (12%) and Africa (10%); and (4) research institutions are mainly colleges and universities. Therefore, future research should give attention to the following three aspects: strengthening the differentiation research on the spatio-temporal scale, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the influence of the Karst Desertification Control (KDC) village structure on stability; based on the mechanism of structure on function, appropriate village ecosystem structure should be established to improve ecosystem service function; based on the influence mechanism of structure on stability, the stability evaluation index system will be constructed so as to lay a solid foundation for the stability strategy of the KDC village ecosystem. By applying the strategy of structure optimization and stability improvement to the KDC village ecosystem, the service function of the Karst village ecosystem can be improved, which can provide scientific reference for the sustainable development of the KDC village ecosystem.

Attention and Sentiment of the Chinese Public toward a 3D Greening System Based on Sina Weibo

The rapid development of global urbanization over the years has led to a significant increase in the urban population, resulting in an imbalance in the urban green space structure. Transforming the urban 2D space green quantity into a 3D space green quantity to create 3D greenery systems (TGS) is a space resource that cannot be ignored in the process of urban green space expansion. This research gathered and analyzed Sina Weibo post information and user information related to TGS to investigate the changing trend of attention status and emotional orientation of the Chinese public on TGS. We employed web crawler technology and text mining to search and analyze the data on the Sina Weibo platform. This research aids policymakers and stakeholders in comprehending the general public's perspective on TGS and showing the transmission channel of public sentiment and the origins of negative sentiment. Results indicate that the public's attention to TGS has greatly increased since the shift in the government's idea of governance, although it still needs improvement. Despite TGS's good thermal insulation and air purification effects, 27.80% of the Chinese public has a negative attitude toward it. The public's negative sentiment of TGS housing is not solely due to pricing. The public is mainly concerned about the damage to the structure of buildings caused by TGS, the subsequent maintenance of plants, the increase in indoor mosquitoes, and lighting and humidity problems. This research helps decision makers understand the public opinion communication process via social media and provides corresponding solutions, which is of great significance for the future development of TGS.

A study on fiscal policies to promote the development of digital economy : A Chinese case study

China’s digital economy development is a strategic decision to construct a new development model for the nation’s economic growth and to pave the way to fostering high-quality economic growth. Since the Chinese government first introduced its strategy for developing digital economy in 2016, the Chongqing Municipal Government has responded positively by implementing various policy initiatives. This paper examines and evaluates the overall level of Chongqing’s digital economy from 2014 to 2021 and analyses the development process through a mixed research method. The results show a growth trend of continuous improvement, with the speed of digital economy development in Chongqing significantly accelerating after 2017. However, there are still some challenges, such as weak innovation capacity, lagging digital service capability, imbalance in the internal structure of digital economy, and uneven development within the region. Therefore, Chongqing must make some efforts to support the advance of digital economy by developing infrastructure, cultivating market players, and enhancing innovation capabilities, thereby forming a solid foundation for growth.

The impact of industrial structure on the environment pollution and its spatial-temporal differences in Henan, China

The industrial economy in Henan has developed rapidly, and Henan has transformed from an agricultural province into an industrial one. However, the previous rough development model led to a certain degree of imbalance in the industrial structure (IS), which had impact on environment pollution (EP). Based on the existing problems of industrial pollution in Henan, it is still necessary to explore whether the evolution of IS had impact on EP or not. Thus, firstly, the paper used the latest available data of the whole Henan, the prefecture-level cities and the different types of industries from 2008 to 2019 to measure the temporal and spatial evolution of IS using the IS rationalization index, the IS advanced index and the IS change index. Secondly, based on the three indicators of the IS evolution and the comprehensive index of EP, multiple linear regression models and mediation effect models were constructed to assess the impact of the IS evolution on EP. The results showed that the economic growth of industrial sectors presented the characteristics of the structure optimization. The improvement of the rationalization index and the advanced index of IS could reduce the pollution level significantly.

Research on the network connection mode of logistics economy in Guangdong province based on social network analysis

PurposeThis paper aims to clarify the spatial connection characteristics and organization mode of logistics economy of 21 cities in Guangdong Province under the background of the integrated development of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay area, and explore the spatial development characteristics and influencing factors of logistics economy in Guangdong Province.Design/methodology/approachThis paper constructs the development level model of urban logistics economy in Guangdong Province from three aspects: demand level, supply level and support level, and uses the entropy weight method to measure the development level index of urban logistics economy in Guangdong Province. Then, the traffic accessibility index model is used to measure the traffic accessibility index between cities in Guangdong Province. Finally, using the social network analysis method, combined with the development level index of urban logistics economy in Guangdong Province and the urban traffic access index in Guangdong Province, this paper analyzes the spatial connection characteristics and influencing factors of logistics economy network in Guangdong Province.FindingsThere are regional differences in the development level of logistics economy in Guangdong Province; The overall network density of its logistics economic connection is large, but there is an imbalance in the network structure, and the core edge phenomenon is obvious; Logistics economic space presents the characteristics of double core development.Research limitations/implicationsBecause the research object is the spatial connection characteristics of logistics economy in Guangdong Province, the research results may lack universality. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to put forward further tests.Practical implicationsBy studying the spatial connection mode of logistics economy in 21 cities in Guangdong Province, China, this paper promotes the original methods and empirical contributions, and constructs the research framework of spatial relationship of logistics economy. This research framework is universal to a certain extent.Social implicationsThis paper is conducive to promoting the integrated development of logistics economy in Guangdong Province and improving the balance of regional development of logistics economy.Originality/valueFirstly, this study provides a new perspective to understand the spatial relationship and spatial spillover of logistics economy from relational data rather than attribute data. Secondly, This study enriched and broadened the research topic of spatial correlation of logistics economy. Thirdly, this research aims to promote the original methods and empirical contributions. Specifically, this study establishes a comprehensive research framework on the spatial network structure of logistics economy.

The Impact of Public Spending (Expenditures) on Economic Growth in Iraq for the Period 2004-2019

Although public expenditures are a tool used by the state to manage public revenues and satisfy public needs, they are one of the most important tools of the country's financial policy, through which the state intervenes in economic and social life and translates the objectives of economic policy into real projects and programs of work. It is possible to assess the performance of the government by studying and analyzing the development and structure of the general budget, and despite the high volume of public expenditures in Iraq during the research period, the state was not able to achieve the economic and social goals represented by achieving high rates of growth and economic and social balance, as there was an imbalance In the structure of public expenditures, and this leads to an imbalance in the public budget, which reinforced its deepening, which is also reflected in the imbalance in the economic structure of the country.

Akkermansia muciniphila Ameliorates Clostridioides difficile Infection in Mice by Modulating the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolites.

Clostridioides difficile is a common cause of nosocomial infection. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota is a core cause of C. difficile infection (CDI). Akkermansia muciniphila plays an active role in maintaining gastrointestinal balance and might offer the protective effects on CDI as probiotics. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of A. muciniphila on CDI. C57BL/6 mice (n = 29) were administered A. muciniphila MucT (3 × 109 CFUs, 0.2 mL) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) by oral gavage for 2 weeks. Mice were pretreated with an antibiotic cocktail and subsequently challenged with the C. difficile strain VPI 10463. A. muciniphila treatment prevented weight loss in mice and reduced the histological injury of the colon. And it also alleviated inflammation and improved the barrier function of the intestine. The administration effects of A. muciniphila may be associated with an increase in short-chain fatty acid production and the maintenance of bile acids’ steady-state. Our results provide evidence that administration of A. muciniphila to CDI mice, with an imbalance in the microbial community structure, lead to a decrease in abundance of members of the Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae. In short, A. muciniphila shows a potential anti-CDI role by modulating gut microbiota and the metabolome.

Nutrient budgets for the Bohai Sea: Implication for ratio imbalance of nitrogen to phosphorus input under intense human activities

Eutrophication is a global problem for coastal ecosystems, one that the Bohai Sea (BHS), China, is severely afflicted by due to rapid economic and social development over the last forty years. For sustainable nutrients management in the BHS, comprehensive budgets for Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) was characterized in 2017, and the relative contributions of river input, submarine fresh groundwater discharge, atmospheric deposition, sediment diffusion, and exchange with the Yellow Sea were quantified. The annual N and P fluxes into the BHS were 362 × 103 t and 10.4 × 103 t, respectively. The terrigenous N inputs occupied the highest proportion, while the largest P input was from sediment diffusion. The ratio of N:P was 77 for total external inputs, while that of the Yellow River was 680; both exceeded the Redfield ratio, indicating an imbalance in the nutrient structure and a P limitation in the BHS.

Spatial–Temporal Characteristics and Driving Mechanisms of Land–Use Transition from the Perspective of Urban–Rural Transformation Development: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta

Urban–rural transformation development is the key to resolving the imbalance in the dual structure of urban and rural areas. However, the transformation of the urban–rural relationship will also affect the structure and spatial distribution of land use. This paper measured the spatial–temporal characteristics of land–use transition in the Yangtze River Delta from 1990 to 2018 by using a geo–information Tupu method and explored the driving mechanism of land–use transition under the background of urban–rural transformation development by using a spatial regression analysis method. The results showed the following: (1) The transition from cultivated land to urban construction land, from rural residential land to cultivated land, and from rural residential land to urban construction land were the three main types of land–use transition in the Yangtze River Delta during urban–rural transformation development. (2) The transition from cultivated land to urban construction land was always the most important type of land–use transition. It expanded from the central area to the surrounding cities. The transition of rural residential land to cultivated land and urban construction land began to increase significantly after the year 2010, which was the urban–rural integration development period. (3) The urban–rural land–use transition was driven by government policies, industrial restructuring, population urbanization and migration. During the urban–rural integration development period, secondary industry and tertiary industry were the main driving factors of the transition from cultivated land to urban construction land. The number of policies, the primary industry, the total population, and the urbanization rate were the main driving factors of the transition from rural residential land to cultivated land. Primary industry, secondary industry, and tertiary industry were the main driving factors of the transition from rural residential land to urban construction land. Finally, the study provided some suggestions for policy, industry, and population driving forces.

Policy network analysis of China's ocean ranching policy: Network structure, actors and interaction

National strategic plans and policies are the important driving forces for the development of ocean ranching in China. Different from the existing research on the evolution of China's ocean ranching policy from the perspective of policy tools and policy performance, this paper focuses on the policy network, actors and their interaction in the process of policy. Through the empirical analysis of 94 policies issued by the State Council and national ministries, and 24 policies from Shandong Province, this study found that not only national and local governments play an irreplaceable role by formulating and implementing relevant policies, but also enterprises, scientific research institutions, social organizations, experts, and the public are actively participating in the policy process so as to express and realize their own interests. These actors cooperate with and have influence on each other, forming a complex network structure with five types of policy networks namely policy community, professional network, intergovernmental network, producer network and issue network, and their interactive relationship. This study also revealed the feature of imbalance in the participation structure, and it is necessary to strengthen the participation and interaction of professional network, producer network and issue network. These conclusions provide useful reference for the improvement of China’s ocean ranching policy.

An analysis of the linkages among fiscal vulnerability, financial stress and macroeconomic policies: an econometric study

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the imbalances in the public finance structure of Pakistan’s economy and highlight the need for comprehensive reforms. Specifically, it aims to contribute to the empirical literature by analyzing the relationship between fiscal vulnerability, financial stress and macroeconomic policies in Pakistan’s economy between 1971 and 2020.Design/methodology/approachThe study develops an index of fiscal vulnerability, an index of financial stress and an index of macroeconomic policies. The fiscal vulnerability index is based on the patterns of fiscal indicators resulting from past trends of the selected variables in Pakistan’s economy. The financial stress in Pakistan is caused from the financial disorders that are acknowledged in the composite index, which is based on variables with the potential to indicate periods of stress stemming from the foreign exchange market, the securities market and the monetary policy components. The macroeconomic policies index is developed to analyze the mechanism through which fiscal vulnerability and financial stress have influenced macroeconomic policies in Pakistan. The causal association between fiscal vulnerability, financial stress and macroeconomic policies is analyzed using the auto-regressive distributive lags approach.FindingsThere exists a long-run relationship between the three indices, and a bi-directional causality between fiscal vulnerability and macroeconomic policies.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the development of a fiscal monitoring mechanism, which has the basic purpose of analyzing the refinancing risk of public liabilities. Moreover, it focuses on fiscal vulnerability from a macroeconomic perspective. The study tries to develop a framework to assess fiscal vulnerability in light of “The Risk Octagon” theory, which focuses on three risk components: fiscal variables, macroeconomic-disruption-associated shocks and non-fiscal country-specific variables. The initial contribution of this work to the literature is to develop a framework (a fiscal vulnerability index, financial stress index and macroeconomic policies index) for effective and result-oriented macro-fiscal surveillance. Moreover, empirical literature emphasized and advised developing countries to develop their own capacity mechanisms to assess their fiscal vulnerability in light of the IMF guidelines regarding vulnerability assessments. This study thus attempts to fulfill the said gap identified in literature.

Disproportions of the spatial structure of the city as a reserve for the development of the city frame: territorial and communication model and analysis of cellular data

The work is devoted to the identification of existing imbalances in the spatial structure of the city and the assessment of reserves for improving the efficiency of spatial organization, primarily due to the development of the framework of the city as a stable structure-forming part of the spatial system of the city, characterized by a high degree of development. The subject of the study is the types of territories forming the framework of the city. The definition of the role and potential of individual territories is carried out by means of modeling using the methodology of constructing a territorial and communication model of the city of O.A. Bayevsky on the basis of the frame-tissue theory of A.E. Gutnov. The simulation results are compared with the analysis of mobile operator data on daily migrations of people in the city. As a result of the modeling, the territories were typified, the framework and fabric of the city were identified, as well as territories with disproportions of saturation with points of attraction and connectivity with the population. Comparison of the results of analytical modeling and visualization of real movements of cellular subscribers during the day confirms the significant disproportions of the spatial structure of the city of Vladivostok, expressed in its monocentricity. The prospects for improving the efficiency of the spatial organization of the city are associated with the need to move away from monocentricity through the development of local centers in the city districts. Clarification of the disproportions of daily migrations by city districts allows us to confirm the need and assess the reserves for the development of new growth points and business activity. The results of the territorial-communication model are compared with the results of the unevenly-zoned model of the city developed by the author earlier, built according to the method of A.A. Vysokovsky, which allows us to determine not only the existing configuration of the city frame, but also promising territories for its development. As a result of the work, recommendations are proposed for the development of the city's framework, and appropriate generalized directions of urban planning policy are proposed for the selected types of territories.

Potential Clinical Applications of the Postbiotic Butyrate in Human Skin Diseases.

Human skin is the largest organ and the most external interface between the environment and the body. Vast communities of viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and mites, collectively named the skin microbiome (SM), cover the skin surface and connected structures. Skin-resident microorganisms contribute to the establishment of cutaneous homeostasis and can modulate host inflammatory responses. Imbalances in the SM structure and function (dysbiosis) are associated with several skin conditions. Therefore, novel target for the skincare field could be represented by strategies, which restore or preserve the SM natural/individual balance. Several of the beneficial effects exerted by the SM are aroused by the microbial metabolite butyrate. Since butyrate exerts a pivotal role in preserving skin health, it could be used as a postbiotic strategy for preventing or treating skin diseases. Herein, we describe and share perspectives of the potential clinical applications of therapeutic strategies using the postbiotic butyrate against human skin diseases.

Extractivism, ecologically unequal exchange and environmental impact in South America: A study using Material Flow Analysis (1990–2017)

With the economic and trade liberalisation policies of the late 20th century, the extraction of natural resources for export, known as extractivism, became the central axis of South American economies. This development model has a significant environmental impact and has generated imbalances in the South American productive structure that lead to chronically unfavourable terms of trade for the region. The different price dynamics of exports and imports trap South America in a vicious circle that leads to a progressive need to increase the volume of resources it extracts. Consequently, South America maintains a situation of ecologically unequal exchange that implies the absorption of an ever-increasing environmental impact from the rest of the world. All this calls into question the benefits of free trade, especially in ecological terms, as well as the compatibility between economic growth and the reduction of environmental impact.

Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Employment Demand in China’s E-Sports Industry

The main purpose of this paper is to study the status of employment demand of China’s e-sports industry, and give reasonable suggestions for these situations. In this article, the data analysis method is used to analyze the geographical structure, job structure and salary structure of the Chinese e-sports talent market. The main research results of this paper are that there is a serious imbalance in the talent demand structure of China's e-sports industry, regional gap, and huge gap in positions. Based on the findings, several suggestions are given on the different part of the industry chain.

الجامعة المستنصرية / كلية الادارة والاقتصاد

This research aims to diagnose the reality of the contribution of public investment spending to the structural transformation in the Iraqi economy by using the descriptive analytical method. The weak relationship between public investment spending and structural transformation has been found as a result of weak investment allocations directed to the productive sectors that can contribute to correcting the imbalance in the production structure. On the basis of this, the research stressed the need to increase public investment spending in order to stimulate the work of the investment multiplier and accelerator, which would contribute to correcting the production structure and achieving structural transformation in the Iraqi economy

Government Competition, Land Supply Structure and Semi-Urbanization in China

Population urbanization is crucial to establishing a harmonious society. However, the phenomenon of population semi-urbanization is becoming an issue of ever-increasing concern in China. More and more immigrants from rural areas work and live in the city, but their roots remain in the rural area. This paper aims to analyze the influence mechanism of government competition on population semi-urbanization through land supply structure. The study’s theoretical analysis and empirical analysis results are based on the panel data of 105 key prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2017. The results demonstrate that: (1) land finance and land-motivated investment engendered by government competition lead to an imbalance in the land price structure, further increasing the rate of population semi-urbanization; (2) land finance does not lead to population semi-urbanization through the land area structure; and (3) land-motivated investment aggravates the imbalance in the land area structure, further leading to population semi-urbanization. It is found that government competition in terms of achieving performance indicators affects population semi-urbanization by adjusting the land supply structure. Efforts should be made to achieve the coordinated development of urbanization, given that the increasing rate of population semi-urbanization will almost certainly aggravate social instability.

ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA Ô NHIỄM KHÔNG KHÍ TỚI TRẺ EM KHUYẾT TẬT: NGHIÊN CỨU TỔNG QUAN DIỄN NGÔN

Air pollution is one of the global problems with adverse effects on many aspects of human life, on different population groups and on the ecology of animals and plants. The effects of air pollution on disadvantaged communities in society such as children with disabilities are also considered. This paper describes the research results on the effects of air pollution on children with disabilities through narrative review and content analysis from 39 articles published from 2010 to 2020. Results showed that most studies were conducted in developed countries from the large survey sample sizes in wide age ranges from from pregnancy to 19 years of age in longitudinal, cross-sectional and retrospective study designs. Air pollution is determined based on the indicators of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), fine particulate matter (PM) such as PM1, PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO2), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzene, ground-level ozone and solid biomass smoke. Results from the review showcased that air pollution has an effect on a high risk of autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, behavioral and emotional disorders including depression and psychosis. In addition, studies have also shown that air pollution has serious effects on children's brain development and physical health such as impaired fetal neural development, premature brain imbalance, inflammation, and changes in fetal brain structure. Showing the relationship between air pollution and children's disability may indicate that environmental pollution is considered as a factor that negatively affects the disability etiology and severity. Showing this relationship contributes to promoting environmental protection, reducing pollution including air pollution at national and global scale.

Evaluation of Suitability of Urban Land Using GIS Technology

The accelerating speed of urbanization has a negative impact on environmental degradation, leading to the imbalance in land-use structure and scarcity of its resources. The imbalance of the existing land-use structure and function distribution, along with the scarcity of land resources, were improved in this article to provide people with more a rational use of land service space. This article specifically contributes to the establishment of an evaluation index system for the evaluation of the suitability of urban land using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The topographic aspect of the planning area was determined by the filling and excavation of depth factors and terrain elevation of the planning area. This article also contributes to determining the topographic slope of the planning area and evaluation index weight for the analysis of superposition factors. GIS data processing methods, document analysis methods, and mathematical models are used to evaluate the suitability of construction land. The results of geological engineering, geological foundation, environment, and geological disasters of the northern New Area of Yan’an are combined, and the appropriate evaluation indicators are selected. The results show that the prohibited planning construction area accounts for about 4% of the total planning area. Appropriate construction and more suitable construction in the entire region account for about 96%. The mountain system is connected in form and meaning, and a rainwater collection and management system is established. The proposed method of intercepting flood ditch at the foot of the mountain was designed and adopted, followed by eventual realization of rainwater recycling and safe flood control, making urban land use more reasonable. Therefore, urban land planning is provided with a reasonable reference basis.