Prenatal Imaging Diagnosis Research Articles

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of abnormal placentation

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of abnormal placentation

EP16.24: High‐definition three‐dimensional flow imaging in prenatal diagnosis of velamentous umbilical cord insertion

EP16.24: High‐definition three‐dimensional flow imaging in prenatal diagnosis of velamentous umbilical cord insertion

Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prenatal Diagnosis of Choledochal Cysts: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of prenatal MRI in diagnosing choledochal cysts (CDC), evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of MRI signs in the diagnosis of fetal CDC, and first compare the trend of size of CC between prenatal and postpartum. Methods A total of 18 fetal who were diagnosed with CDCs through prenatal MRI were enrolled in the study. We summarized and analyzed the prenatal clinical data and prognosis information of prenatal and postpartum surgery, then compared the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of various signs of MRI and postpartum MRCP diagnosis of CC. Finally, we tried to compare the earliest prenatal detection of common bile duct cysts with the size of surgery, and calculated the growth rate of common bile duct cysts for the first time. Results All 18 patients were delivered in our institution. Among these patients, 14 were confirmed with CDCs after postpartum surgery, two patients had CDCs that disappeared, and two patients were confirmed with cystic biliary atresia (CBA) through the Kasai operation. Furthermore, 13 patients with CDCs and two patients with CBA underwent MRCP before the operation, and one patient with CDCs ruptured at birth and underwent ultrasound diagnosis. The sensitivity and diagnostic compliance of prenatal MRI signs for the location were higher when compared to postnatal MRCP (100% vs. 76.9% and 83.3% vs. 66.7%): the cyst was located at the porta hepatis, which was higher than the lowest edge of the liver, and parallel to the hepatoduodenal ligament. Conclusion Prenatal MRI is higher than that of US for diagnosing CDCs, specifically in identifying the location of the cyst and confirming the origin of the cyst. The length, width, and size of the CDC become slightly bigger in our study.

Application of Scanning Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Prenatal Placental Implantation and Related Care.

In order to solve the problem of scanning magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis, the application and research of placental implantation have been proposed. Placental implantation is a serious obstetric emergency, which refers to the abnormal attachment of placental villi caused by the dysplasia of decidual basal layer. A study from the United States showed that the incidence of placental implantation in pregnant women during delivery increased from 9.9/30000 to 11.6/20000 from 2006 to 2019, which increased the risk of prenatal or postpartum hemorrhage, hysterectomy, stillbirth, abdominal organ injury, and so on. Clinically, patients can show severe prenatal or postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum placental retention, uterine perforation, and secondary infection, which may seriously endanger the lives of pregnant mothers and fetuses. Placental implantation can also have no obvious symptoms before delivery, which leads to insufficient prenatal diagnosis. Gielchinsky retrospectively studied 410 patients with placental implantation and found that only 9 patients were detected by prenatal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the detection rate was only 6.6%. It can be seen that if the accurate diagnosis of placental implantation can be made before prenatal or symptoms appear, clinical intervention treatment can be carried out in time to reduce the probability of hysterectomy and improve the examination means of patients' prerecovery. At present, studies at home and abroad suggest that it has good clinical application value and research prospect in the clinical diagnosis of placental implantation.

Utility of placental diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of small for gestational age infants and pregnancy outcome prediction

IntroductionUltrasound-diagnosed small for gestational age (SGA) has a particular rate of misdiagnosis. We hypothesized that diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), specifically intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging, could identify false-positive SGA (fpSGA). MethodsA prospective study. Placentas were scanned at gestational weeks 28–41 on a 3.0 T MRI using 9 b-values (0–800 s/mm2). Pregnancies were suspected as complicated by SGA when fortnightly ultrasound biometries confirmed that estimated fetal weights (EFW) were <10th percentile, while final birth weight >10th percentile was considered fpSGA. A total of 28 control, 20 fpSGA and 27 SGA patients were included. The mean values of the diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated and compared between groups. ResultsIn the control and fpSGA groups, D (control, 1866.61 ± 213.74 μm2/s; fpSGA, 1807.37 ± 199.89 μm2/s), D* (control, 54833.29 ±s 8174.20 μm2/s; fpSGA, 52689.20 ± 9420.63 μm2/s) and f (control, 33.31% ± 3.49%; fpSGA, 33.17% ± 2.96%) were similar. However, all three were significantly lower in the SGA group (D, 1664.32 ± 288.53 μm2/s; D*, 48279.82 ± 7497.36 μm2/s; f, 27.53% ± 3.52%) than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). The f was the best parameter in distinguishing the control and SGA groups, and the fpSGA and SGA groups. DiscussionIVIM analysis might be suitable for the noninvasive identification of fpSGA pregnancies and SGA patients as an important supplement to ultrasound biometry.

Utility of Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prenatal Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta: A Prospective study

Objectives: determine the utility of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta. Methods: Thirty patients presented in the department of gynecology and obstetrics and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. Study was a cros sectional design conducted at department of Radiology, Nishtar Hospital Multan, from 1st January 2019 to 1st December 2019. Result: Only 10 patients with placenta accreta were positive on USG while other 9 patients were found to be negative; and 3 patients were misdiagnosed to have placenta accreta on USG. Table-IIOnly 15 patients with placenta accreta were positive on MRI while other 4 patients were found to be negative; and 2 patients were misdiagnosed to have placenta accreta on USG. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 52.6%, 72.7%, 76.9%, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no significant difference between MRI and USG in terms of accuracy for prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta.

Prenatal Imaging Diagnosis of Suprarenal Lesions

Introduction: Prenatal suprarenal lesions represent diverse pathologies. This study investigated prenatal imaging features and regression patterns associated with specific lesion diagnoses. Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective review of fetuses with prenatally diagnosed suprarenal lesions between 2001 and 2019. Prenatal ultrasound and MRI characteristics, postnatal imaging, and clinical course were reviewed. Prenatal imaging findings were compared by the most common diagnoses and regression patterns. Results: Forty-four fetuses were prenatally diagnosed with suprarenal lesions. Diagnoses included pulmonary sequestration (n = 12; 27.3%), adrenal hemorrhage (n = 12; 27.3%), upper quadrant cyst (including 2 duplication cysts, 1 splenic cyst, and 3 indeterminate cysts), neuroblastoma (n = 4), adrenal hyperplasia (n = 3), bilateral adrenal calcifications (n = 1), and indeterminate lesions (n = 6). Sequestrations were uniformly left-sided (100 vs. 50%; p = 0.014) and diagnosed earlier in gestation than adrenal hemorrhages (p = 0.025). Sequestrations were also significantly more likely to have a prenatal feeding vessel (p = 0.005), low T1 MRI signal (p = 0.015), and no MRI blood products (p = 0.018) compared to adrenal hemorrhages. When comparing all 44 patients, a prenatal feeding vessel and low T1 signal on prenatal MRI were significantly associated with lesion persistence (p = 0.003; p = 0.044). Discussion/Conclusion: Imaging findings on prenatal ultrasound and MRI aid in the diagnosis of suprarenal lesions, including differentiating pulmonary sequestrations and adrenal hemorrhages.

The Role of Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prenatal Diagnosis

ÖZET Amaç Üçüncü basamak merkezimizde klinisyenler tarafından tercih edilen fetal MRG endikasyonlarının incelenmesi ve MRG’nin ultrason bulgularına olan ek tanısal katkısının ortaya konmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem 2016-2018 yılları arasında fetal MRG yapılan 322 olgu retrospektif olarak incelendi. Fetal lezyonlar organ sistemlerine göre sınıflandırıldı ve klinisyenlerin endikasyonları belirlendi. Prenatal dönemde yapılan fetal ultrason ve MRG sonuçları değerlendirildi. Bulgular MRG çekilen 322 fetüsün endikasyonlarının dağılımı; 138’inde (%42.8) santral sinir sistemi anomalileri, 99’unda (%30.7) plasental anomaliler, 36’sında (%11.2) genitoüriner sistem anomalileri, 18’inde (%5.6) solunum sistemi anomalileri, 17’sinde (%5.3) maternal faktör, 13’ünde (%4) baş, boyun, yüz anomalileri ve 1’inde (%0.4) fetal faktör olarak belirlendi.Tüm endikasyonlar incelendiğinde MRG ile ek bulgu saptanan olgu sayısı 13’tür (%4.03). Santral sinir sistemi anomalileri 7 olgu ile en sık ek bulgu saptanan gruptur, bu grup içerisinde fetal MRG %5.07 oranında ek katkı sunmuştur. Sırasıyla genitoüriner sistem anomalileri olan grupta 3 ek bulgu (%8.33 oranında ek katkı), maternal endikasyonlar grubunda 2 ek bulgu (%11.7 oranında ek katkı) ve solunum sistemi anomalileri olan grupta 1 ek bulgu (%5.55 oranında ek katkı) olduğu görüldü. Sonuç Ultrasonografinin yetersiz kaldığı hallerde uygun perinatal yönetim ve danışmanlık için fetal MRG giderek artan sıklıkta kullanılmaktadır. MR cihazlarının daha ulaşılabilir olması, bu alandaki uzmanlığın artması ve MRG teknolojisindeki ileri gelişmeler, bu modalitenin perinatoloji alanında daha yaygın kullanımı ile sonuçlanacaktır.

Challenges of ultrasound imaging in prenatal diagnosis: A clinical case of genito-urinary tract anomaly

Challenges of ultrasound imaging in prenatal diagnosis: A clinical case of genito-urinary tract anomaly

Nasal Glioma: Prenatal Imaging Diagnosis

Nasal glioma is a rare congenital and benign tumor of the middle face. The prenatal diagnosis of this fetal tumor represents an important advance in care, as it is essential to guide the prenatal counseling of the couple and the orientation of prenatal and/or postnatal management. We report here our experience with nasal gliomas, reporting a case with prenatal diagnosis, evoked intrauterine with ultrasonographic examination and confirmed after birth. This allowed the psychological preparation of the parents by counseling on the interventions to come, that were performed at 26 months with good outcome.

The many faces of prenatal imaging diagnosis of primitive aqueduct obstruction.

To describe the different prenatal imaging patterns related to primary aqueduct obstruction throughout pregnancy and their impact on prenatal counseling. Retrospective review of consecutive prenatal cases of isolated aqueduct obstruction diagnosed over a seven-year period (2010-2016). Prenatal imaging findings, postnatal imaging, pathological data and postnatal outcome, were analyzed. Twelve cases were included. In four cases, termination of pregnancy was performed, due to early severe ventriculomegaly in three cases suggestive of complete aqueduct obstruction. In eight cases in which pregnancy was continued, three different evolving imaging patterns were demonstrated. In three cases the ventriculomegaly evolved rapidly during third trimester and were subsequently associated with abnormal white matter changes on fetal MRI. Theses cases led to premature delivery in two cases and early surgical care in all, with focal cystic parenchymal damage shown on follow-up MRI in two cases. Slowly evolving ventriculomegaly in three cases diagnosed in the second and the third trimester which required delayed surgery during the first year of life. Stable ventriculomegaly in two cases which did not require any surgical procedure. The diagnosis of primary aqueduct obstruction may be based on different prenatal imaging patterns that include either severe early ventriculomegaly, stable, slowly or rapidly evolving ventriculomegaly.

P24.04: The many faces of prenatal imaging diagnosis of ventriculomegaly related to aqueduct obstruction

To describe the different prenatal imaging patterns of ventriculomegaly related to aqueduct obstruction (AO) throughout pregnancy and underline their impact on prenatal counselling Retrospective review of consecutive prenatal cases of isolated AO diagnosed over a 7 years period (2010-2016). Prenatal imaging findings, post-natal imaging or pathological data as well as post-natal outcome were analysed. 12 cases were included in our study. All cases were referred for ventriculomegaly associated with a sonographic obstructive pattern in 10 cases. In 4 cases, termination of pregnancy was performed due to early severe ventriculomegaly in 3 cases (18, 29, 39 mm) suggestive of complete AO. Fetal MR performed in these 8 cases demonstrated distal or proximal obstruction in 4 cases respectively, related to focal nodular lesion in 6 cases. Post-natal MR confirmed AO in all cases. Post-natal outcome was favourable in all our 8 cases despite severity of ventriculomegaly in 6 cases. Prenatal imaging diagnosis of AO has many faces including severe early ventriculomegaly related to complete obstruction, stable or slowly evolutive ventriculomegaly and a pattern, which has not been reported previously, characterised by rapidly evolutive ventriculomegaly in late pregnancy responsible of white matter damages.

Multimodality imaging in prenatal diagnosis and management of aortic arch anomalies

There is a growing body of knowledge regarding the integration of multiple imaging modalities into the care of fetuses with aortic arch anomalies. This study aims to present our experience and fetal cardiac output data from a cohort of patients with discrete aortic coarctation and aortic arch hypoplasia. Methods/ResultsRetrospective review identified 25 fetuses with discrete aortic coarctation (n=8) or aortic arch hypoplasia (n=17) (with mean gestational age at diagnosis, 27.2weeks; at birth 37.6weeks). Mean combined ventricular output in all fetuses with normal ventriculo-arterial concordance was 383ml/min/kg (median 362) with mean R:L cardiac output ratio of 2.83 (median 2.13). Of 23 neonates with primary surgical arch repair, all 7 with discrete coarctation underwent lateral thoracotomy without re-intervention. Of 16 with arch hypoplasia, 10 underwent primary lateral thoracotomy (3 with re-intervention) and 6 underwent primary sternotomy (1 with re-intervention). Of 2 with mild coarctation without primary repair, one with coexistent severe LV dysfunction underwent stenting and dilatation; the other is followed in the context of transposition of the great arteries status post arterial switch. Pre-op CT and 3D cardiac printing were obtained in 19 neonates. During follow-up, five (20%) had systemic hypertension. ConclusionFetal R:L cardiac output ratio may provide complementary hemodynamic information in prenatal diagnosis of aortic arch anomalies. As expected, characterization of arch conformation remains critical for surgical planning. Pre-operative cardiac CT remains a useful adjunct to delineate arch anatomy for surgical planning purposes but may not reduce re-intervention by itself. Benefit of 3D cardiac printing remains difficult to quantify but has become an invaluable tool for family education. Based on our data, neonates with arch hypoplasia may benefit from midline sternotomy for more extensive surgical exposure and potentially reduced re-intervention rate.

Prenatal imaging diagnosis and prognosis assessment of vascular ring

Objective By comparing the results of prenatal diagnosis of vascular rings by ultrasound and MRI, chromosome screening and postnatal follow-ups, to explore the clinical significance of prenatal diagnostic technology for the diagnosis of vascular rings and prognostic assessment. Methods Ninety-five fetuses that were diagnosed by fetal echocardiography were followed up regularly, of which 72 cases had chromosome screening, 31 cases had MRI examination. These results were compared with the postnatal follow-up outcome. Results Ninety-five cases of vascular rings included 85 cases of right aortic arch(RAA) and left ductus arteriosus(LDA), 4 cases of pulmonary artery sling(LPAS), 4 cases of double aortic arch(DAA), 1 case of RAA and double ductus arteriosus(DDA), 1 case of left aortic arch(LAA) and aberrant right subclavian artery(ARSA). Sixty-six cases of isolated vascular rings and 29 cases of complex vascular rings(combined with other cardiovascular abnormalities) were detecded. Fifty-four cases were born(2 infants died), 8 cases were ongoing pregnancy, 6 cases were lost to follow-up, 27 cases were aborted. Prenatal ultrasound and MRI examination indicated 6 cases of trachea compression. However, only 3 infants showed clinical symptoms due to trachea compression from born 5 cases. Conclusions Isolated vascular ring is the most common format and its diagnosis and type can be determined by prenatal ultrasound. Dynamic follow-up using ultrasound in pregnancy combined with MRI is helpful to assess the compression degree of trachea induced by vascular ring and prognosis. Key words: Ultrasonography, prenatal; Magnetic resonance imaging; Fetal heart; Vascular ring

Utility of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta: A prospective study.

Context:Placenta accreta is the abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall and the most common cause for emergency postpartum hysterectomy. Accurate prenatal diagnosis of affected pregnancies allows optimal obstetric management.Aims:To summarize our experience in the antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta on imaging in a tertiary care setup. To compare the accuracy of ultrasound (USG) with color Doppler (CDUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta.Settings and Design:Prospective study in a tertiary care setup.Materials and Methods:A prospective study was conducted on pregnant females with high clinical risk of placenta accreta. Antenatal diagnosis was established based on CDUS and MRI. The imaging findings were compared with final diagnosis at the time of delivery and/or pathologic examination.Statistical Analysis Used:The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for both CDUS and MRI. The sensitivity and specificity values of USG and MRI were compared by the McNemar test.Results:Thirty patients at risk of placenta accreta underwent both CDUS and MRI. Eight cases of placenta accreta were identified (3 vera, 4 increta, and 1 percreta). All patients had history of previous cesarean section. Placenta previa was present in seven out of eight patients. USG correctly identified the presence of placenta accreta in seven out of eight patients (87.5% sensitivity) and the absence of placenta accreta in 19 out of 22 patients (86.4% specificity). MRI correctly identified the presence of placenta accreta in 6 out of 8 patients (75.0% sensitivity) and absence of placenta accreta in 17 out of 22 patients (77.3% specificity). There were no statistical differences in sensitivity (P = 1.00) and specificity (P = 0.687) between USG and MRI.Conclusions:Both USG and MRI have fairly good sensitivity for prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta; however, specificity does not appear to be as good as reported in other studies. Both modalities have complimentary role and in cases of inconclusive findings with one imaging modality, the other modality may be useful for obtaining the diagnosis. CDUS remains the first primary modality for antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta, with MRI reserved for cases where USG is inconclusive.

HDlive and Three-Dimensional Imaging in Prenatal Diagnosis of Sirenomelia in the First Trimester: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature

ABSTRACT Herein a case of sirenomelia diagnosed in week 12 by using HDlive and three-dimensional (3D) imaging. These new technologies allowed for an early diagnosis and also depicting realistic images. How to cite this article Bonilla-Musoles F, Caballero O, Castillo JC, Bonilla F Jr, Raga F. HDlive and Three-Dimensional Imaging in Prenatal Diagnosis of Sirenomelia in the First Trimester: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(2):193-196.

Novel application of three-dimensional HDlive imaging in prenatal diagnosis from the first trimester

Recent development of three-dimensional (3D) high definition (HD) ultrasound has resulted in remarkable progress in visualization of early embryos and fetuses in sonoembryology. The new technology of HDlive assesses both structural and functional developments in the first trimester with greater reliably than two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound. The ability to visualize not only fetal face, hands, fingers, feet, and toes, but also amniotic membranes, is better with volumetric ultrasound than 2D ultrasound. In this article, detailed and comprehensive structures of normal and abnormal fetuses depicted by 3D HDlive are presented, including various faces of Down's syndrome and holoprosencephaly, as well as low-set ear and finger/toe abnormalities from the first trimester. Three-dimensional HDlive further "humanizes" the fetus, enables detailed observation of the fetal face in the first trimester as shown in this article, and reveals that a small fetus is not more a fetus but a "person" from the first trimester. There has been an immense acceleration in understanding of early human development. The anatomy and physiology of embryonic development is a field where medicine exerts greatest impact on early pregnancy at present, and it opens fascinating aspects of embryonic differentiation. Clinical assessment of those stages of growth relies heavily on 3D/four-dimensional (4D) HDlive, one of the most promising forms of noninvasive diagnostics and embryological phenomena, once matters for textbooks are now routinely recorded with outstanding clarity. New advances deserve the adjective "breathtaking", including 4D parallel study of the structural and functional early human development.

Comparison of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of Apert syndrome: report of a case

The birth prevalence of Apert syndrome is estimated at 1:64,500 and accounts for about 4.5 % of all craniosynostosis with a male/female ratio equal to 1:1. It is associated to allelic mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene. Majority cases are sporadic. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis is based on the detection of abnormal cranial shape, midfacial hypoplasia and bilateral syndactyly of hands and feet, hypertelorism, and exorbitism. Other abnormalities includes central nervous system anomalies, congenital heart diseases, cleft palate, and urogenital diseases. A 37-year-old Caucasian woman, gravida 2, para 1, was referred to our center of Prenatal Diagnosis for routine ultrasound at 21 weeks of gestation. We detected irregular head shape, dolicocephaly, prominent forehead, bilateral mild ventriculomegaly, suspicion of partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, hypertelorism, and midfacial hypoplasia, with a depressed nasal bridge and syndactyly, prompting a suspicion for Apert syndrome. Magnetic resonance excluded agenesis of corpus callosum and confirmed bilateral mild ventriculomegaly. A follow-up ultrasound, performed at 23 weeks, confirmed the anomalies showed in the previous scan. An amniocentesis was performed. The results showed a normal male karyotype, while the molecular genetic test confirmed a mutation in FGFR2 gene. Fetus macroscopic analysis showed compatible features. Our case underlines the complementary role of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the early prenatal diagnosis of Apert syndrome.

Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma: Case report

Fetal tumors are relatively rare and the early prenatal diagnosis enables the prediction of possible complications and decision for appropriate treatment. This paper deals with the role of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the early prenatal diagnosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma. A 21-year-old primigravida was found to have a large sacrococcygeal tumor measuring 25 x 30mm, presented mainly as a solid mass, when she underwent the initial ultrasound examination on the first day of 19th week of gestation. There were no other associated anomalies. The second ultrasound examination was obtained after 6 days and revealed that the tumor had doubled its size. The prominent enlargement raised suspicion of immature sacrococcygeal teratoma and thus, fetal magnetic resonance imaging was performed in the 20th gestation week. The examination showed a crococcygeal teratoma presented as a large solid mass with small microcystic areas, the largest diameter being 60mm, completely externally positioned with no intra-pelvic extension. Rapid tumor growth posed a threat to the fetal circulation and it was the main reason when opting for the termination of pregnancy at 20 weeks of gestation. Pathohystological examination confirmed the diagnosis of immature sacrococcygeal teratoma. In the prenatal period the magnetic resonance imaging of a fetal tumor initially diagnosed by ultrasound examination is an additional part of diagnostic procedure, and it is not contraindicated during pregnancy. Magnetic resonance imaging improves the delineation of the tumor. The prompt prenatal diagnosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma, as well as the detection of possible associated anomalies, is important for the pregnancy management, prediction of possible complications and choice of appropriate treatment. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are noninvasive, compatible and complementary diagnostic modalities in evaluation of sacrococcygeal teratoma in prenatal period.

Limitations of fetal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of congenital cerebral arteriovenous malformations with hemorrhagic onset

A fetus at 30 gestational weeks was observed on fetal ultrasonography to have a dilated right lateral ventricle. After delivery, the entity was diagnosed as a prenatal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) due to a ruptured arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Ultrasonography and MRI examinations performed before birth indicated a cerebral aneurysm in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery. However, digital subtraction angiography revealed an intracystic hemorrhage due to a ruptured cerebral AVM. Arteriovenous malformations in children are rare, difficult to diagnose, and result in permanent sequelae after delayed treatment. Patient prognosis depends on early and accurate diagnosis and intervention. Outcomes can be improved if an AVM in a child is detected at the onset of ICH for young infants in the prenatal or early postnatal periods. Early AVM diagnosis is limited to fetal ultrasonography and MRI, and special consideration through invasive examination including neonatal digital subtraction angiography is urged unless a correct and clear diagnosis is made at an early stage. Prenatal ICH due to an AVM is rare. The authors discuss their observations and findings.