Imaging Examination Method Research Articles

Key Technologies of New Type of Intravascular Ultrasound Image Processing.

Since entering the 21st century, the application of ultrasound technology has developed rapidly. Intravascular ultrasound technology has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. With the help of computer image processing technology, it can provide clinicians with more accurate diagnosis. Based on the information to improve the success rate of clinical treatment. Based on this, this article combines the development history of intravascular ultrasound technology, explores the principles of new intravascular ultrasound technology, and analyzes the application of new intravascular ultrasound technology. On this basis, the preprocessing of intravascular ultrasound image data is discussed, involving the acquisition of intravascular ultrasound image data and image analysis. On this basis, explore the combined application of new intravascular ultrasound technology and other imaging examination methods, such as X-rays to use three-dimensional image technology to reconstruct new intravascular ultrasound image sequences, and provide doctors with clearer morphology and properties of tube wall lesions. In order to make a more accurate diagnosis of the lesion, a more detailed and accurate treatment plan can be given, which has extremely high clinical application value.

Účinok ursodeoxycholovej kyseliny pri postcholecystektomickej cholestatickej hepatopatii verifi kovanej ultrasonografi cky

Summary: Cholestasis syndrome is accompanied by a large number of diverse liver and biliary tract diseases. Many cholestatic changes are fully reversible in the fi rst phase. However, with long-term cholestasis, extensive hepatocyte dysfunction occurs, the disease progresses, and many cholestatic syndromes result in irreversible liver damage and failure. Cholestatic liver diseases represent an important group of liver diseases that are an indication for liver transplantation. Postcholecystectomy syndrome is an imprecisely defi ned term, which includes a set of ongoing or recurrent or new diffi culties of patients after gallbladder surgery. We distinguish between early postcholecystectomy syndrome immediately in the postoperative period, or late postcholecystectomy syndrome, which occurs months or even years later. Ultrasonography is the fi rst imaging examination method for diseases of the liver and hepatobiliary system. It is a non-invasive method, available, relatively cheap, easily repeatable, and it does not represent a burden for the patient. Common bile duct dilatation after cholecystectomy is a common accidental fi nding that is inconclusive in the absence of clinical symptomatology and with normal laboratory fi ndings. Ursodeoxycholic acid forms the basis of cholestasis therapy, the only treatment whose effi cacy in cholestatic liver disease has been demonstrated in randomized and long-term studies. A further positive is that many years of ursodeoxycholic acid administration are not accompanied by more serious side eff ects. This case report supports the concept of a prompt and at the same time deepening benefi cial eff ect of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment in patients with cholestatic hepatopathy verified by ultrasonography indicated for conservative treatment or refusing invasive treatment. Key words: cholestasis – postcholecystectomy syndrome – ultrasonography – ursodeoxycholic acid

Evaluation of 3D-CEUS in the Recurrence of Liver Cancer after Radiofrequency Ablation.

Background Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has the similar curative effects to surgery, but RFA will lead to higher postoperative local recurrence rate. 3D-CEUS is a minimally invasive examination method, which is used to analyze the sensitivity to postoperative recurrence in this study. Methods The clinical data of 60 patients with liver cancer admitted to our hospital (February 2018-February 2020) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with RFA and were followed up with 3D-CEUS, MRI, and enhanced CT examination after surgery. The ROC curve was used to analyze the differences of different examination methods in judging postoperative recurrence. Results For the 60 patients, 52 patients (86.7%) had a single lesion and 8 patients (13.3%) had multiple lesions, with a total of 72 lesions. After RFA, 56 lesions (77.8%) were completely inactivated and 16 lesions (22.2%) remained. Totally inactivated lesions were detected as follows: 51 (91.1%) by 3D-CEUS, 42 (75.0%) by MRI, and 50 (89.3%) by enhanced CT. During a 2-year follow-up, a total of 26 recurrent lesions were detected, 24 (92.3%) by 3D-CEUS, 12 (46.2%) by MRI, and 25 (96.2%) by enhanced CT, indicating that the sensitivity of 3D-CEUS and enhanced CT was obviously higher than that of MRI (P < 0.001), without conspicuous difference between sensitivity of 3D-CEUS and enhanced CT (P > 0.05). Conclusion As a new imaging examination method based on artificial intelligence, 3D-CEUS has a high sensitivity in patients with liver cancer who underwent RFA, which can effectively judge the recurrence after surgery and should be widely used in practice.

Artificial intelligence in ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy

Visual data, such as clinical photographs or pictures from imaging examination methods, such as ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), are particularly suitable for machine learning techniques. The aim was to find out whether data have already been published on this innovative application in ex vivo CLSM and what potential challenges and limitations could arise. Review of the literature and summary of current knowledge and personal experience on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in ex vivo CLSM. Successful integration of digital hematoxylin-eosin-like staining has made ex vivo CLSM significantly more accessible for digital assessments. Several machine learning techniques have been developed to date in such away that they have been able to identify malignant skin lesions on clinical photographs and pathological microscopic images with similar accuracy compared to experts, or even find visual patterns that have been overlooked by experts and that correlate with certain dermatological diseases. One study on the use of AI in ex vivo CLSM for automated tumor detection has been published to date. Several challenges and limitations can arise when using AI in ex vivo CLSM. The already digitized ex vivo CLSM, which was established for rapid section examination purposes, is apredestined method for the development and use of new applications with machine learning in the healthcare sector. The results of further studies on this topic are anticipated with great hope.

Diagnostic Strategies for Thyroid Nodules Based on Ultrasonographic Findings in Japan.

Simple SummaryIn recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing worldwide, mainly due to the widespread use of imaging examination methods, such as ultrasonography. In Japan, the risk of overdiagnosis due to the use of diagnostic imaging has been discussed since the 1990s, and measures have been taken to reduce the risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment by establishing criteria for the implementation of fine needle aspiration cytology and non-surgical follow-up. This article outlines the diagnostic criteria and management guidelines in Japan in comparison with those published in other countries.In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing worldwide, which is believed to be mainly due to the widespread use of imaging examinations, such as ultrasonography. In this context, ultrasonography has become increasingly important because it can evaluate not only the presence or absence of nodules, but also the detailed characteristics of the nodule, making it possible to diagnose benign or malignant nodules before cytology is performed. In Japan, the third edition of the sonographic diagnostic criteria for thyroid nodules is currently widely used, and its content is similar to that of recent meta-analyses and guidelines from medical societies in other countries. In addition, since overdiagnosis of very-low-risk thyroid cancer has recently become an issue, criteria for the implementation of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) have been published by various countries. The Japan Society of Breast and Thyroid Sonology provides guidelines for FNAC implementation for solid and cystic nodules. In the United States, the ATA, NCCA, and ACR have published guidelines, whereas in Europe, the ESMO and ETA have done the same. All of these guidelines used to classify risk are based on nodule size and sonographic findings. This article outlines the diagnostic criteria and management guidelines in Japan in comparison with those published in other countries. Case studies using actual images were also performed to examine the differences in the FNAC guidelines.

Imaging diagnostics in acute pancreatitis

Abdominal imaging is an important component of the diagnostics of acute pancreatitis. In addition to the clinical features and the laboratory constellation, it serves to establish the diagnosis or the exclusion of other diseases and also the identification and assessment of the course of local complications and vascular changes that can arise during the course of acute pancreatitis. Due to the numerous imaging examination methods that are available, their combination options and the different examination times, there are diverse application options that have to be taken into account, such as the severity and duration of the disease, concomitant diseases and complications of acute pancreatitis. Arational use of imaging is an important prerequisite for high quality and at the same time cost-effective patient care. This review summarizes the current importance of imaging in acute pancreatitis, with particular reference to the updated S3 guidelines on acute pancreatitis.

Diagnosis of Waist Muscle Injury after Exercise Based on High-Frequency Ultrasound Image.

The low back is the weight-bearing part of the human trunk and has a complex anatomy with a variety of lesions. The traditional diagnostic imaging methods include X-ray, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). With the rapid development of ultrasound diagnostic instruments and diagnostic techniques, high-frequency ultrasonography plays a more important role in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders by virtue of its advantages of being safe, noninvasive, inexpensive, repeatable in a short period of time, and real-time imaging, especially for the display of fine structures of soft tissues, which is superior to CT and MRI. In this paper, the puncture needle was punctured near the intervertebral foramen, anti-inflammatory analgesics were injected under ultrasound surveillance. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs mainly consist of local anesthetics and glucocorticoids. Local anesthetics can immediately block the nociceptive transmission of the diseased nerve, improve muscle tension, and eliminate muscle spasm, and glucocorticoids can effectively eliminate edema and inflammation of the lumbar nerve root and its surrounding tissues. The results showed that high-frequency ultrasound, as a noninvasive imaging examination, can clearly display the structure and spatial hierarchy of the skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, and muscles of the low back, can provide real-time dynamic bilateral contrast observation, which can be the preferred imaging examination method for soft tissue disorders of the low back, and can compensate with general X-ray, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging to provide richer clinical diagnosis and treatment. It can provide richer imaging information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Imaging Method for Osteosarcoma Diagnosis and Clinical Staging Information Optimization

In order to better assist clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma, and our understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of different examination techniques of DR, CT and MRI, this article collects the pathological diagnosis of the PACS Medical system of Liaocheng People’s Hospital 2015 to 2018. 130 patients with osteosarcoma and imaging examination data, retrospectively analyzed the diagnostic and clinical staging information contained in DR, CT and MRI examination data of osteosarcoma patients, and detected the diagnosis and clinical staging information of osteosarcoma by comparing various examination methods ability to obtain the optimal imaging examination method that can provide complete diagnosis and clinical staging information of osteosarcoma, and is recommended as a routine clinical examination program. Finally, we conclude that: DR, CT, and MRI examinations have no significant differences in the detection capacity of osteosarcoma bone destruction, periosteal response, and periosteal triangle; MRI has less ability to detect tumor bone than DR and CT; DR has soft tissue. The ability to detect masses is inferior to CT and MRI. Among the single DR, CT or MRI examinations, CT examinations have the best comprehensive detection ability for all imaging diagnostic signs of osteosarcoma. MR examination has the best comprehensive display of clinical staging information such as infiltration range and infiltration boundary of osteosarcoma. Combined DR, CT, and MRI examinations are optimized imaging procedures that provide complete osteosarcoma diagnosis and clinical staging information.

Risks of anastomotic leakage in patients with colorectal cancer after operation and how to effectively avoid it.

Despite the considerable progress in surgical level and imaging examination methods, anastomotic leakage is still the major complication after intestinal surgery with high incidence rate and mortality rate. Moreover, anastomotic leakage has become one of the serious complications threatening the postoperative life safety, prognosis and quality of life. The occurrence of anastomotic leakage involves the changes of a variety of pathophysiological factors, and is affected by intestinal microbiota, inflammation and immune system. Preoperative intestinal preparation will change the type and number of microbial population in the intestine. Intraoperative anastomotic mode and bleeding volume are also closely related to the occurrence of anastomotic leakage. In addition, the occurrence of anastomotic leakage is associated with local recurrence of colorectal cancer after surgery. Intraoperative protective stoma is confirmed to reduce the incidence of anastomotic leakage. Combined preoperative adjustment of nutritional status and inflammatory factors is important for avoiding anastomotic leakage after surgery.

Primary Hyperparathyroidism with a Predominant Lesion of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common pathology, but it is fact that doctors of various specialties run against difficulties in diagnosinging. The variety of clinical manifestations causes a long period of diagnosis and, late start of treatment. The main symptoms of this pathology are described taking into account the pathogenesis. The most common laboratory markers of hyperparathyroidism are incrising level of parathyroid hormone and hypercalcemia. Imaging examination methods are used to establish primary hyperparathyroidism. Targeted ultrasound examination of the parathyroid glands should be performed in all patients with suspected calcium metabolism disorders.This article presents a clinical case of primary hyperparathyroidism with predominant gastrointestinal symptoms. The patient was twice admitted to the hospital with various clinical manifestations of damage to the gastrointestinal tract. Erosive gastritis, terminal ileitis, chronic pancreatitis, and cholelithiasis were identified. A differential diagnosis was made with small intestine lymphoma and Crohn’s disease. In addition, there were General cerebral symptoms in the form of lethargy, rapid exhaustion. Due to severe electrolyte disorders, the patient was observed in the intensive care unit. Due to the development of mechanical jaundice, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with papillosphincterotomy was performed. Based on hypercalcemia, elevated parathyroid hormone levels, and visualization of parathyroid gland formation, the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was established based on ultrasound data. An adenomectomy of the left lower parathyroid gland was performed. in the surgical department. The patient was discharged with positive dynamics in the form of improvement in General health, cessation of pain, regress of vomiting, expansion of motor activity. Betimes diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism, on the example of the described case, leads to complete relief of symptoms and improvement of the quality of life of patients.

Intelligent Segmentation and Recognition Method of Breast Cancer Based on Digital Image Processing Technology

With the development of digital image technology, judging diseases by medical image plays an important role in medical diagnosis. Mammography is the most effective imaging examination method for breast cancer at present. Intelligent segmentation and identification of breast cancer images and judging their size and classification by digital image processing technology can promote the development of clinical medicine. This paper introduces the preprocessing technology of breast cancer pathological image and medical image recognition technology of breast cancer. In order to improve the segmentation accuracy of image processing and optimize, the segmentation recognition ability in digital mammography was improved. Based on the technical basis of pathological image analysis of breast cancer, the architecture of intelligent segmentation and recognition system for breast cancer was constructed, and each functional module of intelligent system was introduced in detail. Based on digital image processing technology, filtering technology is used to reduce dryness and improve the clarity of the image. Public datasets INBreast and DDSM‐BCRP were used to verify system’s performance, and it was tested on the breast cancer image test set. The experiment shows that the comprehensive performance of the intelligent segmentation and recognition system can realize the segmentation and recognition of breast cancer and has higher accuracy and interpretability, which is helpful to improve the diagnosis of doctors.

Application of PET/CT imaging in chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity

Chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity is common and has become one of the factors that affect the prognosis of patients. Early identification and intervention of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity is very important. Currently, the commonly used clinical, imaging and laboratory examination methods have their own shortcomings, while PET/CT imaging has not been widely used for chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity. This article reviews the current application and deficiencies of PET/CT imaging in animal experiments and human trials of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity. Key words: Cardiotoxicity; Drug therapy; Positron-emission tomography; Tomography, X-ray computed; Trends

Evaluation of treatment response in oral chronic graft-versus-host patients by power doppler ultrasound: a prospective study.

To date, imaging and non-invasive examination methods for evaluating the oral tissue of patients who with oral chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are still lacking. Herein, we assessed the ultrasonography imaging characteristics of chronic GVHD patients' buccal soft tissue and evaluated the response to treatment using gray-scale and power Doppler (PD) ultrasound. The overall objective of the study was to determine the potential of ultrasonography to provide an early and objective indication of a therapeutic response to treatment intervention in oral chronic GVHD. Buccal mucosa in 21 patients with clinically diagnosis of oral chronic GVHD were assessed before and after 14 day treatment between 2016 and 2018. Ultrasonography assessment included thickness and echogenicity evaluation, and PD. Echogenicity and PD were measured and scored according to a semi-quantitative method. Ultrasonography parameters were compared with clinical activity assessments of disease activity and patient-reported measures. Following 14 day therapy, a significant decrease in PD scores and patient-reported measures was observed (p < 0.01), and clinical assessment scores also decreased (p < 0.05). Changes from baseline PD scores correlated significantly with patient-reported measures (r = 0.85, p < 0.01). Changes in PD scores correlated moderately with the changes in the clinical assessments from baseline (r = 0.46, p < 0.05). A significant decrease in PD scores was observed in the buccal soft tissue of patients that responded clinically to the treatment. A significant decrease in PD scores was also observed in patients that were failed to show clinical improvement (p < 0.05). Ultrasonography is a novel and feasible imaging technique for measurement of the response of oral chronic GVHD to therapy. Ultrasonography yields additional information about buccal mucosa and is a complementaty to clinical examination.

Radiographic manifestations and clinical relevance to central nervous system complications of leukemia in children

Objective To investigate the radiographic manifestations and clinical relevance to central nervous system complications of leukemia (CNSCL)in children. Methods The CT and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) fin-dings and clinical features of 49 pediatric patients with CNCSL in Shanghai Children′s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from May 2010 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) Cerebrovascular abnormalities in 23 cases included hemorrhage(20 cases), infarction(2 cases) and sinus thrombosis(1 case). One case of epidural hematoma and 19 cases of intracerebral multiple bleeding were seen in the hemorrhage group, which demonstrated high-density on CT and different signal on MRI as time went by.Microhe-morrhage displayed as low signal on susceptibility weighted imaging.(2) Among 23 cases of leukemic infiltration, the dura and/or skull were involved in 18 cases, which presented as fusiform or mass, with high density on CT, low signal on T1WI, intermediate signal on T2WI and strong enhancement; 6 leptomeningeal infiltration demonstrated as meningeal thickening and enhancement; 2 parenchymal involvement manifested with high-density mass; 2 oculomotor nerve and 1 optic nerve infiltration demonstrated thickening and enhancement.(3)White matter disease was seen in 2 cases, with hyper-intensity on T2WI.(4) One case of secondary tumor was glial tumor in the brainstem. Conclusions The radiographic manifestations of CNCSL in children are various.CT and MRI are of important diagnostic values.Choosing the best imaging examination method and sequence according to clinical symptoms and test results can provide more valuable information for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Key words: Child; Leukemia; Central nervous system; Computed tomography; Magnetic resonance imaging

The Application and Forensic Significance of Imaging Examination in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation after Injury

X-ray and CT are commonly used in post-traumatic examination of bone joints, spine, etc, as a traditional imaging examination method. It is a correct and meaningful method and procedure to observe signs and measurement data by imaging examination, in the cases of traumatic lumbar injuries which need forensic identification. What is the first that spring to our mind is the simple, economical, and practical X-ray examinations, as well as the CT examinations that have unique advantages for bone changes in all traditional and conventional imaging techniques before the performing imaging studies. The changes of the morphological, is also reflected on the changes of MR signal intensity. The distance of the lumbar MR disc more than the median sagittal line, the degree of spinal stenosis etc, as a quantifiable data, can be used to improve the detection of this disease. On this basis, MR has become the first imaging examination method what we need to consider. MRI not only has characteristic imaging performance, but also has rich observation indicators and projects. It can be further used to identify the new injury or old wounds of lumbar disc herniation on the basis of image signs by quantitative and qualitative aspects. MR examination method is regarded as an important means of inspection in the forensic identification of this disease.

Vascular Ultrasound Statement from the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - 2019.

1.1. Introduction The use of ultrasound (US) in Medicine started in the decade of 1940 and, since then, it has played a significant role in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It is a diverse technology that follows the physical principles of propagation of US waves in different media. Due to its broad applicability, relatively low-cost, and reproducibility, US has a secure place in diagnostic aid. Members of the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (DCI) - experts in vascular ultrasound (VUS) - prepared this guideline to indicate the best use of this technique, according to recommendations from the current medical literature. We included the main aspects related to equipment components, software, transducers, and their evolution since the last guideline, and addressed the most relevant topics in the field of diagnosis of vascular diseases. The foundation behind using VUS to diagnose important pathologies, such as carotid atherosclerotic disease, diseases in vertebral arteries, abdominal aorta and its branches, was based on recommendations from the DCI panel of experts in 2015 and 2016.1,2 This guideline does not aim to compare VUS with other imaging examination methods or expound on the use of VUS in the follow-up of vascular diseases after the initial diagnosis. For this content, the reader should consult more extensive and specific publications on the subject. Our goal is to disseminate the best practices in VUS to various services in the country, standardize the interpretation of examinations, and contribute to the proper use of this non-invasive, widely available, and low-cost tool.

Clinical analysis of 25 children with mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion

Objective To discuss the clinical manifestations, imaging features and prognosis of children with mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion(MERS). Methods Twenty-five patients with MERS admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, between November 2013 and March 2016 were enrolled and their clinical and imaging data were retrospectively analyzed.Ages of onset of these 25 cases were from 6 months to 13 years old.Because of different clinical manifestations in different onset ages, these 25 cases were divided into 2 groups: ≤6 years old group (20 cases), with the onset age of 6 months to 3 years and 9 months old(average 2 years and 2 months); >6 years old group(5 cases), with the onset age of 9 years 3 months to 13 years old (average 10 years and 10 months). Results Nineteen cases among the 25 patients had infection history before onset, including 10 cases of digestive tract infection(all were ≤6 years old children), 9 cases of respiratory tract infection(6 children ≤6 years old and 3 children >6 years old). The main clinical manifestations included convulsion (18/25 cases, 72.0%), fever (17/25 cases, 68.0%), vomiting (11/25 cases, 44.0%), and disturbance of consciousness (11/25 cases, 44.0%). The main clinical manifestation of ≤6 years old group was convulsion (18/20 cases, 90.0%), while the main clinical manifestations of the>6 years old group were fever(3/5 cases, 60.0%), headache and dizziness(2/5 cases, 40.0%), and none of the patients in >6 years old group had convulsion.Eight cases had liver function injury, myocardial enzymes increased in 10 cases, and hyponatremia occurred in 9 cases.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed 21 cases were type Ⅰ MERS(only involving corpus callosum), and 4 cases of type Ⅱ MERS which involved corpus callosum as well as deep brain white matter, subcortical white matter (centrum semiovale). MRI lesions disappeared after 8-56 days (average 16.5 days) of anti-infection and reducing intracranial pressure treatment. Conclusion MERS is more common in ≤6 years old children, and digestive tract infection is common in ≤6 years old children, while respiratory tract infection is common in >6 years old children.The symptoms in children are mainly manifested as fever, convulsion, vomiting, conscious disturbance, and so on.Infection and hyponatremia are the main causes of MERS in children.MRI is the first choice of imaging examination methods. Key words: Child; Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion; Magnetic resonance imaging

Discussion on imaging examination method and preoperative follow-up for gastric duplication in children

Objective To report the clinical and imaging characteristics of 9 cases of gastric duplication in children, as well as to probe into all kinds of imaging examination methods, with an aim to improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy. Methods Nine cases of children with gastric duplication that received surgical resection and were pathologically confirmed in our hospital from January 2009 to November 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical manifestations, complications, complicated malformation and imaging findings of the cases were summarized. Three asymptomatic cases were carried out regular ultrasound examination follows-up preoperatively. Results Gastric duplication in children varied in terms of clinical manifestations. All the 9 cases were performed ultrasonography preoperatively, and 5 of them were accurately diagnosed. Meanwhile, 7 cases received preoperative CT examination, with 2 cases being confirmed. Three cases received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, with 2 cases being confirmed. And 2 cases had upper abdominal gastrointestinal imaging (GI) examination, but no definite diagnosis was made. Three cases of asymptomatic children with enlarged lesion can be seen in follow-up. Conclusions Gastric duplication is a rare congenital malformation, ultrasound allows to clearly display the capsule wall structure and the relation between gastric duplication with gastric wall, which is associated with high utilization rate and diagnosis rate, and it can be served as the preferred imaging examination method for gastric duplication in children. Key words: Ultrasonography; Gastric duplication

The significance of S100B protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase in premature brain damage

Brain injury in preterm infants is an important reason for making the newborn disability.Neonatal cerebral injury of imaging examination method has a time lag.Looking for a simple, timely, accurate predictor of biological markers of brain injury in preterm infants is particularly important.In this paper, the role of S100B protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase of brain injury in preterm infants was reviewed, and the significance of early diagnosis of brain injury in preterm infants was discussed. Key words: S100B protein; GIial fibrillary acidic protein; Neuron specific enzyme; Brain injury; Preterm infants

The imaging of small pulmonary nodules.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The major goal in lung cancer research is the improvement of long-term survival. Pulmonary nodules have high clinical importance, they may not only prove to be an early manifestation of lung cancer, but decide to choose the right therapy. This review will introduce the development and current situation of several imaging examination methods: computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS).