Imagination Of Writers Research Articles

“...seems to be built not of stone”: Without Foundation by V. Petrov (Domontovych) as an Architectural and Pictorial Novel-Ekphrasis

Intermedial analysis remains one of the leading interpretive strategies of contemporary literary studies, which determines the relevance of the study. The aim is to read the novel Without Foundation (1948) by V. Petrov (Domontovych) through the prism of intermediality. The research methods are determined by the objective. The method of intermedial analysis, contextual analysis, hermeneutic, comparative and semiotic methods are used. It is indicated that the writer transports a number of codes of plastic arts into the word: composition, colour and linear ratios, volumes, light and shadows, texture, etc. Verbal descriptions of works of art as visual objects in a novel often become a self-contained main narrative with extensive reflections on artistic phenomena. Certain episodes of the novel are a kind of verbal extension of the characters depicted in the paintings. Masterpieces of world and national art, as well as precedent-setting names of artists, provide the writer with the opportunity to find motives, moods, and images that are in tune with his or her own, and enrich the arsenal of visual and expressive means. The main basis of the artistic narrative is the architectural structure, which, determining the unity of the thematic and poetic design of reality, determines the subject, type of hero, system of characters, problematics, plot and compositional structure, chronotope, and type of narrative. Built not of stone, but in the writer's imagination, the Varangian Church becomes an architectural prototype that models a literary work, partially structuring it. Thus, the multifaceted verbal visualization of the Cathedral, in its artistic concept, tends to be similar to the artistic solution of C. Monet with regard to the Cathedral of Rouen. The author also devoted a "series of paintings" to the Varangian Church, which depict the urban space associated with the architectural object. Conclusions. The complex system of visual codes and their multiplicity testify to the originality and novelty of the Ukrainian writer, whose novel, in its language directly related to plastic arts, became a "prologue" to contemporary novels-ekphrasises.

Writing Trauma: Rita Dove, Willa Cather, and Toni Morrison

Case Study ResearchCultural Poetics identifies literature as a social text or discourse. My paper argues the significance of the works of Cather, Morrison and Ehrenreich as models for cultural change. Literature is a social text or discourse which dynamically interweaves multiple strands. My creative approach to teaching blends metacognition and hermeneutics with a concentration on social justice as a paradigm for the English classroom which resounds with tension and resolution dependent upon the silent resilience of the individual. Through student-directed pedagogical model, writing class fuses into a learning community for reflection, discovery, and peer editing for student motivation and success. We actively engage students to explore archetypical universes created by current imaginative writers. Mythological Literary Criticism and Film Theory as a lens into archetypes. We also engage in analysis of personal essays on identity. Metacognition and a student-directed pedagogical model. Through the paradigm of active learning, we engage in reading key articles by scholars in the field in blogs, wikis, web sites, books, pamphlets, newsletters, or journals or other material demonstrating techniques of close reading in order to explicate a text with terms of the literary scholar that apply to writing across the curriculum and differentiating among major literary genres to converse, to analyze, and to use cultural heritage. Students possess qualities of memory based upon human every day experiences similar to those experiences within literary works they read. I play pod casts of sample student essays that show how students recall events or conditions based upon the relationship of reading to memory. One of my students recalls her own beliefs in mercy killing and relates her heritage based upon family and cultural beliefs in the right to life. Students use life story writing next to recount experiences that may help them find thesis. We write for a global multiethnic and ageless audience. Stories can indeed reach all readers. To write, we engage memories of readings, life experiences and imagination. Accordingly, these three patterns compose voice on the written page. But, writing is an essential skill needed for human dignity.My claim emphasizes the importance of reading, writing, and analysis of short stories by Toni Morrison and Willa Cather as well as poetry by Rita Dove as a doorway to practicing social justice in your community and to developing a consciousness and awareness of social justice praxis. I perform case study research on a single subject, myself. Dove was born in 1952. She is an American poet and fiction writer. My model in writing is Hélène Cixous. A visionary, Hélène Cixous (“The Laugh of the Medusa”) realized that we are writing to find ourselves. Applicable to the study of Willa Cather, Toni Morrison, and Barbara Ehrenreich, the writing of oneself represents our search for words to describe situations. Based on the study of Aristotle’s Poetics (free online text), a good companion work to interpret “art as imitation”, I argue that Cather, Morrison, and Ehrenreich use language in specific modes of discourse, such as fiction, essay, and dialogue, for the purpose of reaching readers. In doing so, they absolutely attempt to motivate and to teach us. In fact, through the art of poetics as a practice, they capture emotions or actions. Then they apply language as metaphors of our actions, ethics, and attitudes. The works portray the human condition. Cather, Morrison, and Ehrenreich create the poetics of language essential to the significance of the messages. In this context, all three writers portray actions and indicators that are significant to us as readersFirst, the significance of the message of Willa Cather is suffering, in her book, My Mortal Enemy. My readings signify the message of Cather as a writer who designs poetics as the cause of the work. Recent research in the area of stylometrics…explores the ways in which the voice of Cather, in her correspondence, differs from the voice she used in her public writing. Conclusions point to similarities between Cather’s novel, My Mortal Enemy, a work noted for both its economy of style and autobiographical features, and her recently published letters (Dimmit et al.). The researchers acknowledge that Cather was very private. She did not want her letters shared with the public. Only recently have her letters finally been published. Arguably, in the model of Hélène Cixous, we suggest that the writing of the work certainly brings a new voice that carries the message of the feminine myth.

SIMBOLISME AGAMA DALAM NOVEL THE SATANIC VERSES: PERSPEKTIF SEMIOTIKA FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE

Semiotics is a field of science that examines symbols in an object. The novel The Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie is the fourth work in the style of magical realism. The purpose of this study was to determine religious symbolism based on the perspective of Ferdinand de Saussure in the novel The Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method. The collection of data in the novel The Satanic Verses uses reading and note-taking techniques. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, found seven data on religious symbols were found consisting of Mahoud, Jibril, Abraham, Satanic verses, the use of the names of the Prophet Muhammad's wife (Saudah, Ayesha, Hafsah, Umm Salamah the Makhzumite, Rumlah, Zainab bint Jahsh , Juwairiyah, Rehana the Jew, Safia, Maimunah, Mary the Copt, Zainab bint Khuzaimah). The results of the analysis show that the writer takes an ahistorical figure from the writer's imagination.

Melville’s Ahab in Moby Dick and R K Narayan’s Vasu in The Man-eater of Malgudi: A Quest to Enter a “New World”

Utilizing critical literature on Melville and RK Narayan and then reading Moby-Dick (1851) and The Man Eater of Malgudi closely (1961), this article concerns American and Indian works of literature and argues that both writers were among the leading imaginative writers to create niches in terms of philosophy. Both used imagination, symbolism, and spiritual and universal impulses to make the characters and books worth reading. However, both novels portray a quest to enter a “New World” through protagonists Ahab and Vasu, who bring multiple concerns and commit catastrophic blunders. The article sails through a comparative study of the protagonists analyzing the critical factors, such as adventurous and mysterious wanderers, the universe being both godless and purposeless, virtues versus sins, influence and fusion of divergent subjects, their anti-life and anti-nature attitude, intelligence and wisdom and archetype ambitions that lead them to self-destruction. This paper intends to explore the dynamics of the relationship between American and Indian Literature through protagonists Ahab and Vasu’s acquisitive, coseismic, nomadic, and fanatic nature in their quest to enter a “New World” to address aspects that the present time calls for; hence, making both novels great in the twenty-first century.

Travelling and Transgressive Experiences: An Anthropological-cum-Ethnographical Study of Heinrich Harrer’s Seven Years in Tibet and Noo Saro Wiwa’s Looking for Transwonderland: Travels in Nigeria

The purpose of the present study is to analyze Heinrich Harrer’s Seven Years in Tibet (1953) and Noo-Saro-Wiwa’s Looking for Transwonderland: Travels in Nigeria (2012) using interpretive frameworks of anthropology and ethnography. Harrer’s work is a travel book based on the author’s personal experiences in Tibet and his encounter with contemporary Tibetan culture, and Noo-Saro-Wiwa’s work is an account of her journey to Nigeria which is her father’s country. Using anthropology as an interpretive framework, the study seeks to contextualize the aforementioned narratives as transgressive practices. The study also emphasizes how people and events shape the writer's imagination.

Implementation of Writing Learning in Class V Imaginative Learning Models at MI/SD

This research aims to investigate the level of success of students in writing learning through the implementation of an imaginative writing learning model. This topic was chosen due to the difficulties in developing writing skills among elementary school children and the prevalence of teachers relying on less innovative lecture-based teaching methods. The study focuses on the application and implementation of the imaginative writing learning model in the fifth grade class of Usman bin Affan at SD IT Islamic Center, located on Jl. Selamat Ketaren, Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, which means that the obtained data will be reported objectively and analyzed descriptively to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the existing facts. The sources of data for this study are teachers and students. The data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and documentation. As for data analysis, the research utilizes non-statistical methods, specifically descriptive data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the imaginative writing learning model in the fifth grade class of Usman bin Affan at SD IT Islamic Center, led by Ustadz Muhammad Khaidir, has been successful. The students have demonstrated improvement in their writing skills through the utilization of imaginative techniques employed in the learning process. The students have shown high interest, active engagement, and the ability to produce creative and imaginative writings. This research is expected to contribute to the development of innovative and relevant teaching methods, particularly in the context of writing learning at the elementary school level. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for teachers in designing engaging, creative, and motivating writing lessons, enabling students to enhance their writing skills effectively.

На обломках Бастилии рифм

Two texts by A. Rimbaud, published in 1886, but written earlier, and not poems by G. Kahn, J. Laforgue or J. Moréas, are considered the first vers libre in French. The paper shows two approaches to the analysis of free verse rhythm: the rules for reading and counting silent [Ə]; free verse is considered as a derivative of verse or prose, respectively (K. Scott and M. Murat), which proves the fundamental ambiguity of this poetic form and the importance of the reader’s perception in the process of reading as co-creation. The arguments of opponents and supporters of free verse, the so-called “free verse controversy” (“querelle du vers libre”) prove that in the imagination of writers there exists the connection between the poetic system and the social order. The paper considers the opposition proposed by the French researcher M. Murat — that of the national French vers libre and the international free verse that goes back to the American, that is to say Whitman’s model of Whitman through Valerie Larbeau’s poetry. The creative act of Larbeau, who created a heteronym — the English-language poet Barnabooth, raises the question of erasing national prosody and switching the linguistic code.

La literatura es una herramienta de la documentación de la historia: La novela “el último judío” como muestra

Literature is a means of documenting historical events. Since literature reflects the environment in which the writer lives, all the actions that turn around him, whether political or social, are reflected in his literary works directly or indirectly. Although the script and the characters of the literary work are always from the writer's imagination, the events are often inspired by reality and simulate facts found in the writer's environment. Examples of literary documentation of historical events are what we can read in the literature of the Spanish Civil War and Post-war literature, where the events of the war and its horrors, the miserable life of the Spanish people, the barbarism of war, the dictatorship of the ruler, and unjust executions are reflected in the works of Federico Garcia Lorca, Antonio Machado, Rafael Alberti, and others. The novel The Last Jew is a history narrated in a cinematic way for a specific period of time, specifically the fifteenth century, as it did not leave small or large historical events without touching on them in detail, it included the events of the fall of the Muslim kingdoms, the last of which was Granada, and it contains an accurate description of the palaces of the Alhambra and its princes, the expulsion decrees of Muslims and Jews, the compulsory Christianization decrees, the formation of the Inquisition courts, the methods of formally interrogating converts, and the mechanisms of torture used to extract confessions. Whoever reads this novel lives that era in its finest details

JUNK FOOD DALAM SUMBER IDE PENCIPTAAN SENI GRAFIS

This final project expresses the writer's imagination in the form of graphic art, which is inspired by the dangers of junk food today in Indonesia. The problem is discussed by approach; 1. What is meant by junk food ?, 2. Why was junk food chosen as the theme of graphic art creation ?, 3. What is the form of visualizing junk food in graphic works using linoleum cuttings techniques? In its implementation, the phenomenon of the current danger of junk food in Indonesia is creatively reprocessed according to the taste of the author, works are printed using air-based color ink on cardboard paper, 10 printed works are each printed in 3 editions inspired by the situation. now. Each work is framed by using adjustable size frames. It is hoped that this work can be used as inspiration and provide knowledge about the current dangers of junk food in Indonesia. It is hoped that this work can be enjoyed by all who see it as well as art observers and art lovers.

Cultural Phenomenon And Moral Value In Short Story The Gift Of The Magi By O Henry

Literature is an imaginative works of an author. Literature is also part of culture. In a fiction or story there are some norms, values, attitude, and behavior that reflects the society in which the writer live in. There are normative function of literature in a society . So literature can also influence social change. Fiction can change economic, family, lifestyle, or attitude of a community. Society as the reader will identify themselves as the characters in the story. They will tend to feel what the characters feel and do what the characters do. One -or maybe two - values contained in the short story entitled The Gift of the Magi are social and moral values. The explanation of social and moral values itself is well known. Where social is interaction and moral is an assessment of the good and bad of a particular thing. It can be seen that moral and social values are bound to each other. It seems that reader live in the story and imagine themselves as fictional actors. Even though a fiction is an author works, it doesn’t mean that story is only an individual imaginative writer. It is the product of a society. So literature and culture of society is a unity. They influence for each other.

The Style of Toponyms and the Lexical and Semantic Features of Anar’s Story “White Ram, Black Ram”

The article deals with the issues of studying the stylistic possibilities and lexical and semantic features of toponyms, given in the work of the famous writer Anar "White Ram, Black Ram". The role of toponyms in increasing the work's artistic value and enriching its internal content is noted. The writer expresses his attitude to the toponyms he uses in his career and creates a connection between the character, behaviour and toponymic units of the essence. Many toponyms in the novel are the product of the writer's imagination, although some part of his artistic style is taken from real life. These geographical names are folk toponyms which the writer dreamed of and wanted to bring to life. Reading this famous writer's work, we feel the true beauty and richness of the Azerbaijani language. At the same time, by studying the toponyms developed in the literature, we can get detailed information about the way of life, socio-political relations, religious affiliation, and national thinking of the Azerbaijani people of that time. In work, we see the romantic world of the writer, his thoughts, dreams and hopes; the writer considers the happiness of his people in their unity and integrity in the reunification of Northern and Southern Azerbaijan.

PROVERBIAL MATERIALS IN THE ORAL TRADITION OF THE IGBO: A STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE’S MAGNUM OPUS

This paper is an attempt to find proverbial materials in Achebe’s magnum opus, to interpret and analyse them. The proverb is one of the elements of folklore which permeates the literary imagination of writers. It has for that matter been extant in verbal as well as written communication between people as it provides readers, users as well as listeners with the true essence of the culture of its originating society. Understandably, the proverb is one of the main discursive segments of oral tradition from which Chinua Achebe profusely draws to negate the colonial episteme. Since proverbs are part of the daily life of the Igbo people in which their culture is expressed, the novelist uses those not only as appropriate literary devices to depict social realities but also to help record the events of the past. Thus, Achebe’s intent in using proverbs is to give to his creative impulse an accurate stamp of uniqueness, authenticity as well as identity. Achebe’s Things Fall Apart is rich in proverbial materials in its endeavour to show that in non-literate oral cultures, proverbs, songs, poems as well as sayings are not the only fundamental repository of his people’s epistemology but also act as an explanatory meta-narrative. The study is based on theoretical frameworks proposed by both Mieder (2004) and McLeod (2002). While the former states that the wisdom of proverbs has guided people in their social interactions with the cultural values it carries; the latter adopts a postcolonial stand by positing that proverbs are used to overturn the dominant ways of seeing the world and representing reality in ways which do not replicate colonialist values. This suggests on the part of the postcolonial literary theorist, a dexterous manipulation of the English language; its syntactical structure as well as its semantics to project his own culture, outlook, and worldviews. Things Fall Apart is a compelling example of such a paradigm. The findings show that proverbial materials constitute a multifunction form of folk literature premised on significant cultural linguistic products created and used in social situations for social purposes: didactic as well as a depository of culture.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0938/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

City-urvban monster in some XIX century fiction

During the development of human civilization, the city was always different from the countryside. The city symbolized the center of statehood, the abode of the merchant bourgeoisie and aristocracy, the common people who were mainly engaged in handicrafts. From the beginning of the XIX century, the flow of free population of the village moves to a city. Thus, the categorical difference between urban and rural populations becomes more apparent, which is reflected in fictional texts. The city appears both real and virtual, which is "born" in the writer's imagination and is bearing the signs of the creator's worldview. Not infrequently the city emerges as a dangerous place for people from the countryside. So, it emerges as a cold, unbearable, often dangerous, unknowable monster.The city appears in Georgian literature mainly from the second half of the XIX century ("Surami Fortress" by D. Chonkadze, "Solomon Isakich Mejghanuashvili" by L. Ardaziani, "Is a Man a Human ?!" by I. Chavchavadze etc.).In contrast, the city is obscured as an urban monster in the works of folk writers ("House of Demeter", "A Heroic Woman" by S. Mgaloblishvili), where a peasant man fleeing from village to town perceives the city with fear and still in his thoughts is striving to the village. A study of this is presented in this given article.

Codex: Entangled Histories, Relational Methodologies, and Worlding Imaginaries: A Collaborative Review of Amitav Ghosh's Historical Fictions

Codex:Entangled Histories, Relational Methodologies, and Worlding Imaginaries: A Collaborative Review of Amitav Ghosh's Historical Fictions Emmanuel Bruno Jean-François, Turni Chakrabarti (bio), Abdur Rahoof Ottathingal (bio), Kirk B. Sides (bio), and Anuj Vaidya (bio) Entangled Histories, Relational Methodologies, and Worlding Imaginaries: A Collaborative Review of Amitav Ghosh’s Historical Fictions Emmanuel Bruno Jean-François to what extent does our approach to history and our definition of historical archives impact our understanding of the past and of its bearing on our present and future? How can we retrieve, imagine, or even chronicle the world's entangled histories—its infinite temporalities, porous geographies, and fluid ecologies—in opposition to the linear narratives and teleological historiographies forged by modern nations and communities? And how can writers, intellectuals, and scholars address the blind spots of prescribed methodologies, normative discourses, and established genres that largely circumscribe history, to think of the world in more inclusive terms? Considered by many as an Indian Ocean writer par excellence, Amitav Ghosh, in his literary works, historical fictions, and nonfictional texts, has long grappled with these questions, bringing to the fore the numerous commercial, cultural, or linguistic connections that have shaped the societies of this region. For that reason, the Codex feature of this special issue is dedicated to some of his prominent works, including In an Antique Land (1992), The Hungry Tide (2004), the Ibis trilogy (2008, 2011, 2015), and The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable (2016). Evincing the profoundly enmeshed, cosmopolitan, and creolized histories of the Indian Ocean world, Ghosh's works consistently challenge monolithic or unified accounts of history, making visible the material and immaterial traces of marginal and disenfranchised peoples—slaves, indentured servants, or low-caste communities—whose lives are still [End Page 24] excluded from the official archives. Stories of subaltern communities remain crucial to a more nuanced and expansive understanding of this oceanic region's cultural, political, economic, and ecological dynamics. By bringing to life such stories, Ghosh's novels, for instance, generate critical awareness about how the past itself is imagined, remembered, and told, by whom and for whom. By asking whose history counts as history and by challenging the very parameters that have confined the practice, telling, and recollecting of world histories, his works indeed invite us to reconsider the role of subjectivity and creativity in decolonizing historical accounts. In response to universalist discourses and approaches, his literary intervention thus reimagines the world we know through the decentering of perspectives and voices and the multiplication of worldviews and epistemologies. Ghosh's intellectual trajectory and his methodology as a historical fiction writer are themselves located at the crossroads of various disciplinary formations, including history, anthropology, and creative writing. Often characterized as unclassifiable or hybrid, his texts bring together oral traditions, myths and legends, written archives, works of fiction, and travelogues. As such, they reveal the dead zones of teleological reconstitutions of history; emphasize the limits of prescriptive methods and scientific rationalism; and underscore the critical importance of creativity and imagination in recovering the past, understanding the present, and envisioning the future. Because Ghosh's depiction of Indian Ocean relations, exchanges, and cosmopolitan expressions does not rely merely on the "hard" evidence of colonial, conventional, and written archives, it also sheds light on the long-silenced—albeit undeniable—contribution of unrecognized, marginal, or liminal communities and people who enhanced the cosmopolitan dynamics of this region. With its inventive take on the historical movements, circularities, and diasporic trajectories of the oceanic region, Ghosh's writing is profoundly relational, whether in its content, form, or approach. This collaborative review features discussions by scholars from various disciplines to emphasize better such relationalities, including comparative literature; South Asian studies; history; and arts, media, and performance studies. Through their original readings of Ghosh's oeuvre, these scholars illustrate how his works offer expansive ways of approaching the historical, cultural, and ecological entanglements of the Indian Ocean world. The feature begins with Turni Chakrabarti highlighting the writer's vision of "history from below" and Ghosh's "palimpsestic" approach to transnational movements and oceanic imaginaries. Then Abdur Rahoof Ottathingal examines Ghosh's creative engagement with archival and ethnographic material and [End Page 25] his...

Writings and Readings of the Pandemic: The Shadows Left Behind

A pandemic’s reach is broad, deep, layered—both as an infectious agent and as the psychological force that will be explored by the author in this paper. The disorder it creates and the sorrow it leaves in its wake can be found in traces of its existence that remain in written works generated in the time after the pandemic is thought to be over. The author draws from creative texts by imaginative writers and Freud written in the period after the 1918-1920 pandemic. This paper is intended to create an experience in reading that introduces ways in which we can look for the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic in our own writing.

Affiliated Identities in Jewish American Literature by David Hadar

Affiliated Identities in Jewish American Literature by David Hadar Roberta Klimt (bio) David Hadar. Affiliated Identities in Jewish American Literature. Bloomsbury, 2020. 216 pp. $103.50 hardback; $25.95 paperback; $28.76 ebook. "let us start reading novels as paratexts for the author's identity," David Hadar exhorts us in his Affiliated Identities in Jewish American Literature (4). Lest this sound riskily unliterary, or appear to be simply biography by another name, Hadar also clarifies that he intends "identity" in a particular sense: that is, as "public identity," "what people know and feel about [writers], whether it is true or not" (2). The idea of this book, as informed by the sociologist Erving Goffman's work on "social identity and personal identity," is to read literary texts and their paratexts as contributing to the construction of the author's public identity, which itself is a complex of networks that demands to be read as a text in its own right. And this is where Hadar's other key term comes in, since it is his contention that an author's affiliations—that is, their relationships of chosen association, as opposed to filiation, which is strictly familial—are crucial to determining their public identity. Philip Roth's The Ghost Writer (1979) opens Hadar's book and haunts its pages as a prime example of a story of affiliation written by an author who, in more and less subtle ways, sought (and sometimes sought to avoid) affiliation with other authors in shaping his public identity. In pursuit of an authorial identity, the young writer Nathan Zuckerman, The Ghost Writer's protagonist, quite openly, and as Hadar suggests, "rather frantic[ally]" (24), attempts to affiliate with the older writer he admires: E.I. Lonoff. Using Roth as his starting point and touchstone, Hadar explores the techniques of affiliation employed by several other Jewish American authors, including Nicole Krauss, whom he reads especially sensitively. His sociological approach presents a new view of inter-authorial relationships as they are constructed both within and around the literary works themselves and pays attention to the role of the emotions and imaginations of writers and readers in constructing and construing those relationships. [End Page 88] In a particularly persuasive section, "Jewish American Literary Networks beyond English," Hadar offers "a history of the changing ways of identifying as a Jew and the different ways to be a Jewish writer" (61) in America. For early twentieth-century Jewish American authors such as Abraham Cahan, who also edited the Yiddish magazine Forverts (The Forward), there was a more pressing need to affiliate with fellow American authors than to shore up what Hadar calls their already "quite secure Jewish credentials" (66). This would change for second- and third-generation Jewish Americans; Hadar makes a particular study of Irving Howe, who co-edited the first American anthology of Yiddish literature, A Treasury of Yiddish Stories, in 1954, and became somewhat of a gatekeeper to the kingdom of Jewish American literature. Having initially admired Roth and assumed he was "working in the tradition of Jewish self-criticism and satire," Howe famously recanted this in his essay "Philip Roth Reconsidered," where he accuses Roth of having "a thin personal culture." Hadar finds it revealing that, in his dismissal of Roth as insufficiently related to Yiddish and Jewish American forebears like Isaac Bashevis Singer or Bernard Malamud and Saul Bellow, Howe omits to mention Roth's undeniable affiliation with Franz Kafka—thereby denying Roth his strategy of "identification and connection with secular Jewish writers who write in non-Jewish European languages." (For this same reason, Hadar ventures, when Roth met I.B. Singer, he spent most of the time asking him about the Jews who wrote in Polish, not Yiddish.) That Roth nevertheless succeeds in achieving this more secular, vernacular form of affiliation is, Hadar says, "the victory of the writer over the critic" (75). In his third chapter, "The Jewish Writer as an Old Man," Hadar moves from Roth's Exit Ghost (2007), which he reads as paradigmatic of so-called "late style," to Nicole Krauss's The History of Love (2005), a novel that, though written by a thirtyone-year-old woman, nonetheless manages...

(2021) Volume 2, Issue 4 Cultural Implications of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC Authors: Dr. Unsa Jamshed Amar Jahangir Anbrin Khawaja Abstract: This study is an attempt to highlight the cultural implication of CPEC on Pak-China relations, how it will align two nations culturally, and what steps were taken by the governments of two states to bring the people closer.

(2021) Volume 2, Issue 4 Cultural Implications of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC Authors: Dr. Unsa Jamshed Amar Jahangir Anbrin Khawaja Abstract: This study is an attempt to highlight the cultural implication of CPEC on Pak-China relations, how it will align two nations culturally, and what steps were taken by the governments of two states to bring the people closer.

01.Shamsur Rahman Farooqi And Urdu Literature, شمس الرحمان فاروقی اور اردو ادب،

This article seeks to evaluate distnuguished Urdu critic Shamsur Rahman Faruqi's contributions to Urdu Literature in general and in criticism particularly. In early phase of his literay career, he was heavily influenced by Western critical ideas but with the passage of time he became crtical of Western literary notions. He came to believe that poetry, fiction and other imaginative writings are deeply embedded in their respective indigenous cultures. Hence, Faruqi resorted to study of classical Persian and Urdu Literature in the light of their own poetics. This article sets out to delineate Faruqui's theoretical considerations and practical implications of the poetics of classical Urdu Ghazal and Urdu Dastan. That poetics is local and cultural is a postcolonial idea put forth in the backdrop of hegemonic imposition of Western literary cannonistion.

The Dialectics of Political Ideology and Power Relations in African Literature: A Reading of Adébáyọ̀ Fálétí’s Baṣọ̀run Gáà

Introduction Ideology underscores how we make sense of history and reality. It is the underlying theory that governs every organized movement, institution, and government. In Politics, ideology superintends the constructs, subversions, moderations, and resistance of power. In Literature, ideology plays even a deluxe role as it is the vehicle that drives political and cultural purposes. A close consideration of the African creative canvass reveals that her imaginative writings are burdened with the ideology of socio-cultural redemption. Although replete with a recasting of themes that stress the subversions and resistance of political and religious power, especially in the continent’s post-colonial space, there is not much thematic commitment among creative writers to the ideology that constructs and moderates power. Using the New Historicism as the theoretical basis, this paper proposes that to understand the logic that has bedeviled post-colonial African governance, there is need to revisit power structures that characterize the continent’s pre-colonial history. It is in this burden that this paper shall attempt to examine the dialectics of political ideology, power relations and the prophetic in Baṣọrun Gáà ̀. The paper also argues that the private anxieties of the playwright, as presented in the play, 160 Lere Adeyemi are prophetic in nature and that Baṣọrun Gáà is weakened by the burdens of ̀ his strength, in other words, blinded by sight.

بنــــاء الشخصـــیة بیـــن مقامــة ابــن الشهــید الأندلسی والمقامة الکوفیة للحریری (دراسة موازنة)

بناء الشخصية بين مقامة ابن الشهيد الأندلسي والمقامة الکوفية للحريري (دراسة موازنة) محمد عبد الوهاب قسم اللغة العربية، کلية الآداب، جامعة المنيا، جمهورية مصر العربية. البريد الإلکتروني: mohmed.abdelwhab@mu.edu.eg الملخص: يحاول هذا البحث دراسة (بناء الشخصية بين مقامة ابن الشهيد الأندلسي والمقامة الکوفية للحريري)؛ فيتخذ متنا لدراسته؛ مضمون المقامة عند ابن الشهيد الأندلسي والحريري، ومحور موضوعاتها، وبنيتها الفنية، والسردية، وتتابع شخصياتها، وتطور بنائها وتناميها؛ وفق مجريات الأحداث الحکائية، فضلا عن الرؤية الکتابية داخلها. ثم الميل إلى الدراسة الموازنة بين المقامتين، من حيث بناء الشخصية، بالوصف والتحليل والکشف، بعد المقامة الکوفية إنموذجا مشرقيا مؤصلا للفن؛ إذ يرجع إليه فضل النشأة والتطور والرواج، ومقامة ابن الشهيد الممثلة للمقامة الأندلسية، بکونها التابعة للأدب المشرقي ولونه الفني. وتتوقف الدراسة مع بناء الشخصية بين المقامتين من خلال ثلاثة مباحث: أولها: أدبيات النص، ومعرفة مضمون کل مقامة، وفق رؤية الکاتب، وفلسفته النصية، وثانيها: أنواع الشخصيات داخل بناء المقامة، وأخرها: الملامح الفنية للشخصيات، والکشف عنها وفق أوجه التوافق، والاختلاف داخل المقامتين. ومن أهم نتائج البحث: أن مقامة ابن الشهيد حملت تقليدا للمقامة الکوفية في الأسلوب والأدوات من رحلة وتنقل ووجود الحيلة، مع اختلاف طرقها وهدفها، فضلا عن مصاحبة الراوية للبطل، وجاء التجديد على المستوى المضموني في الرؤية الأدبية، وإبراز موضوعات تتماشى مع الطبيعة الأندلسية، التي تنفر من الاستجداء والشحاذة وغيرها. الکلمات المفتاحية: البناء، الشخصية، المقامة، الموازنة. Building the character between the maqamah of Ibn al-Shahid al-Andalusi and the kufic maqamah of Hariri (Balancing Study) Mohamed Abdelwahab Department of Arabic Language, Faculty of Arts, Minia University, Egypt E-mail: mohmed.abdelwhab@mu.edu.eg Abstract This research attempts to study (Building the character between the maqamah of Ibn al-Shahid al-Andalusi and the kufic maqamah of Hariri); It takes a board for its study; The content of the maqamah according to Ibn al-Shahid al-Andalusi and al-Hariri, its themes, its artistic and narrative structure, the follow-up of its characters, the development of its construction and its growth; According to the storytelling events, As well as the biblical vision within it. Then the tendency to study the balance between the two denominators, in terms of character building, by describing, analyzing and revealing, As the Kufic maqamah is an oriental symbol of art; As the merit of the emergence, development and popularity is due to him,the residency of Ibn al-Shaheed maqamah the Andalusian maqamah, as it is affiliated with the Levantine literature and its artistic color. The study stops with building the personality between the two maqamah through three topics: the first: the literature of the text, and knowledge of the content of each maqamah, according to the writer's vision and his textual philosophy, the second: the types of characters within the maqamah, and lastly: the technical features of the characters, and their disclosure according to the points of agreement and difference Inside the two maqamah. Among the most important results of the research: that the maqamah of Ibn al-Shaheed carried a tradition of the kufic maqamah in the method and tools of a journey, mobility and the existence of the trick, with its different methods and goal, as well as the narrator's accompaniment to the hero, and the renewal came at the substantive level in the literary vision, highlighting topics in line with the Andalusian nature, which You are averse to begging, begging, and so on. Keywords: construct, character, El maqam, budget.