Tourism Image Research Articles

The Analysis of Visitor Satisfaction Influenced by Tourist Attractions and Service Quality through Tourism Image in Kawung Tilu, Cikarang Timur, Bekasi Regency

The objective of this study is to analyze how tourism attractiveness and service quality impact visitor satisfaction through the tourism image in the specific area of Kawung Tilu, Cipayung Village, Cikarang Timur District, Bekasi Regency. The research methodology is a quantitative descriptive approach comprising 120 respondents who are the visitors of the tourist sites. About 20 respondents are measured by the validity and the reliability testing, whereas 100 respondents will participate in the path analysis test. The findings reveal that tourism attractiveness has a positive influence on the tourism image. Similarly, the service quality positively affects the tourism image. In addition, tourism attractiveness has a positive impact on visitor satisfaction, as the service quality does. The tourism image acts as a mediator between tourism attractiveness and visitor satisfaction, aside from its direct effects. The results emphasize the significance in maintaining and enhancing tourism attractiveness and service quality to improve the tourism image and visitor satisfaction. In the context of developing a tourism village, it is crucial to consider these factors in order to deliberately create a positive experience for tourists and to effectively promote the tourism destination.

The Digital City Tour Guide Using Augmented Reality on the Pasupati Bridge

Bandung is a must-visit tourist destination, including those around the Paupati Bridge. The Pasupati Flyover or Pasupati Bridge is an icon of Bandung City. Because of its cool and original location, there is also an ancient building making Bandung interesting to visit and be introduced to its tourism field. One method for propelling the travel industry is with special media. By using Increased Reality (AR)- based data innovation, it can show 3D virtual articles into a genuine climate and construct 3D picture representations. AR can be utilized as an option limited time medium that assists clients with getting more clear data about the fascination they need to visit. This research aims to promote tourism with Augmented Reality using the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) Method. The results of this study are Information and 3D images of tourism in which there is a 3D import feature to include images. It can contribute to helping tourists search for information about tourism in an area.

Exploring destination image of dark tourism via analyzing user generated photos: A deep learning approach

Tourism destination image (TDI) in the dark tourism context is considered to be a complex and controversial, yet rarely studied issue in the literature. This study selected three types of dark tourism destinations in China to explore TDI through analyzing user generated photos via DeepSentiBank, a method based on deep convolutional neural networks. Based on a content analysis, this study identified 11 categories of cognitive images, and found that memorial space & sculptures, commemorative symbols, and historical events & place functions were the distinctive categories of cognitive images. Based on a sentiment analysis, it revealed 24 emotions of affective images, and found that negative emotions weighed more heavily than positive emotions in dark tourism destinations. Complex network analysis further revealed multiple inter-linked relationships between cognitive and affective attributes. This study contributes to photo-based sentiment analysis in tourism research, and the findings provide insights for TDI development and management for dark tourism destinations.

Branding Strategy and Challenge the Tourism in Jayapura Regency

This research is aimed at gathering information and analyzing branding strategies to strengthen the tourism image of Jayapura Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, namely describing and analyzing branding strategies to strengthen the tourism image of Jayapura Regency. Sources of data in this study came from the website belonging to the Jayapura Regency Culture and Tourism Office, online news related to the theme, and literature reviews. The data analysis technique used in this study refers to that described by Creswell in Moleong (2008), namely using 5 steps, namely: processing and preparing data for analysis, reading the entire data, analyzing in more detail by coding the data. Based on the results of this study, tourism branding in Jayapura Regency has several challenges.

The brownfield revival: experts’ perceptions on the decommissioning of San Juan Memorial Park, La Union, Philippines

The public’s demand for more open spaces as brought about by the effects of the pandemic has resulted in increased interest in an existing brownfield in La Union. The San Juan Municipal Cemetery is located along the National Highway, near the existing tourism destination of the municipality. Its presence has raised concerns about it being a visual blight as it is visible from the highway. According to the Comprehensive Land-Use Plan (CLUP) of the Municipality of San Juan, La Union (SJLA), the existing Municipal (People’s) Park is 11,500 square meters (sqm). The 2022 Area Requirement for SJLU’s recreational spaces is estimated at 30,907 square meters (sqm). However, the lack of recreational function and facilities of the San Juan Municipal Cemetery may lead to its removal from the total open space for recreational spaces, resulting in the reduction of the total area to only 19,407 square meters (sqm). This may affect the capacity of the municipality to provide for the residents’ recreational needs, forcing the residents to travel to other cities for their recreational needs. This leads to the examination of the function of memorial parks in their everyday function, their significance in the economic development, environmental risks, and tourism value for the residents. Using a descriptive methodology in gathering insights from the relevant Experts on culture, environment, culture, and tourism, the research found the necessity of converting this memorial park into a culturally-relevant space that reflects the identity of the residents while at the same time improving the tourism image of the municipality.

Insights on the Film Tourism and Archéocinema for the Promotion of Heritage Tourism: A Critical Review

The link between Cultural Heritage (CH), media, and film tourism has gained increasing attention in the literature over the last two decades. The 21st-century film tourism industry edutainment must reflect the experiences of 21st-century digital/virtual requirements. Film tourism is often considered a potential marketing channel for World Heritage Sites (WHS) and CH tourism. Limited research addresses how heritage film tourism providers employ and deal with the film industry and Archéocinema media for marketing communication. This paper attempts to discuss the relationship between the capability of heritage film tourism as a promotional tool combined with Archéocinema in constructing the optimistic destination image of heritage tourism and experience as it flows in both physical places and virtual environments. It argues that both environments, as dynamic and generate meanings, merge, and embody subjectivity and objectivity now in one process. This process suggests building a critical, informative, and promotional purpose by engaging in storyline and storytelling, learning about what and how film tourism and Archéocinema can offer and representing it in a modern key within and beyond the physical dimensions of place in an ethical and transparent approach according to the London Charter and the Seville Principles.

How can mega-events contribute to urban tourism in developing countries? A case study of the 2016 G20 Summit in Hangzhou, China

ABSTRACT Hangzhou is a representative tourism city of natural culture, which has been widely accepted by both domestic and foreign tourists. The success of the 2016 G20 Summit has injected new spirit and connotations into the city’s image. The main purpose of the paper is to investigate how the summit affects Hangzhou’s tourism image and from what aspect it has improved the urban competitiveness of Hangzhou. The statistical data based on questionnaires shows that the G20 Summit does have a great impact on Hangzhou’s tourism development. Furthermore, multivariate factor analysis for the collected data reveals that the summit has the greatest impact on tourism resources and public transport in Hangzhou, which shows that the G20 has a long-term and sustainable impact on the city.

Use and Experience of Tourism Green Spaces in Ishigaki City before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Web Review Data

Urban Tourism Green Spaces (UTGSs) in Okinawa are the most frequented areas by tourists and are an important part of the area’s unique tourism image and brand value. This study selected 40 UTGSs in Ishigaki City, Okinawa, for comparative analysis before the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2009–December 2019) and during the strict control period (January 2020–December 2021). Data on tourist reviews were collected in Python. Correlations were collated through Pearson correlation tests. Text-mining methods were used to examine tourist reviews to characterise changes in tourists’ use and experience of UTGSs amid the extreme hardship experienced by tourist cities during the pandemic. Visitors expressed positive emotions towards the green space, particularly in post-pandemic times, despite disruptions and uncertainties caused by travel restrictions. Rather than focusing on water activities as before, visitors preferred exploring the island’s hinterland areas with low crowd density and seeking spiritual comfort in open public spaces. This highlights the potential of these areas to be developed as a new tourism resource. This study’s findings will provide valuable insights for urban planners and tourism operators in developing effective crisis response strategies and guiding the development of urban tourism areas towards more appealing and sustainable destinations.

Exploring the Discrepancy between Projected and Perceived Destination Images: A Cross-Cultural and Sustainable Analysis Using LDA Modeling

The projected image, created by destination marketing organizations, and the perceived image, formed by tourists’ perceptions, are crucial factors in destination selection. In this paper, machine learning models are used to construct projected image dimensions and perceptual dimensions for Chinese and English to analyze the similarities and differences between projected and perceptual images and their Chinese sustainability and cultural differences issues. We take Xiamen, a seaside tourist city in China, as an example, and analyze it by collecting 110,098 official promotional texts (both in Chinese and English) and tourist online review feedback as data sources using a latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model of natural language processing. The findings show that (1) the official projected image focuses on the overall image of the destination, while the tourists’ perceived image focuses on the specific image. (2) The official projected image covers the whole area of tourism, while the tourists’ perceived image focuses on Xiamen’s well-known attractions. The results of the above two points are the same for both the Chinese and English Topic models. (3) The official projected image focuses on three dimensions of destination: sustainability-economic, socio-cultural and environmental, while the tourist perception is more in the socio-cultural and environmental dimensions. (4) Both the projected and perceived images in Chinese and English differ in cross-cultural situations. The perceived images of Chinese and British tourists are influenced by their respective cultural backgrounds. Chinese tourists’ perceptions reflect cultural values associated with collectivism, long-term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance. On the other hand, British tourists’ perceptions align with cultural values of individualism, short-term orientation, and lower uncertainty avoidance. These differences can be explained using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory. The research in this paper can provide a reference for the promotion of tourism cities, and tourism destination organizations should not only focus on sustainable promotion, but also attract domestic and foreign tourists through differentiated promotion.

Branding Regenerative Tourism for Sustainable Rural Destinations : A Critical Reflection Perspective

Purpose : Regenerative tourism is widely popular in many countries. With the changing dynamics of tourists across the globe, disruptive challenges in managing the destinations and uncertainties in delivering tourism offerings have clouted the significance of regenerative toruism mainly catering to rural destinations. The crux of this critical reflection perspective (CRP) was to infer more on the sustainability perspectives through regenerative tourism and to reflect on the avenues of branding regenerative tourism for a sustainable future of rural destinations. Methodology : This CRP is based on the self-reflection of the author based on the readings from literary sources, exposure to research outcomes, and experience in consulting destination management organizations. Hence, a mixed method of reflection exercise has been performed on the acquired content over the years. Findings : As novel findings, this CRP infers on the imposition of a regenerative tourism image with the notion of sustainability of rural destinations. Also, the relevance of food tourism, creative tourism, and agri tourism referring to regenerative tourism for the sustainable future of rural destinations have been inferred. Practical Implications : Careful strategic branding framework on building regenerative tourism with the elements of food, creative, and agri tourism will eventually attract wide segments of tourists across the globe, perhaps contributing more towards the sustainable future of rural destinations. Social Implications : This CRP highlights the benefits of regenerative tourism for sustainable consumption of tourism resources that would handover the valuable tourism resources to the next generations without degrading their originality. Limitations/Scope : The inferences derived are solely based on the competence of the author’s opinions. The research avenues highlighted here, if performed with suitable robust methodology, will produce valuable insights into literature and facilitate in conceiving novel contexts in tourism marketing. Originality/Value : This CRP is based on an evolving concept in developed and developing countries and highlights the novel perspectives of blending regenerative tourism with food tourism, creative tourism, and agri tourism with reference to the marketing communication elements. These perspectives haven’t been attempted in the given literary sources and are highly aligned with the tourism industry’s current state-of-the-art trends..

How Foreign Social Media Influencers Help Shape Destination Country's Tourism Image: The Case of South Korea's Tourism Image in France

In the context of tourism, the current study differentiates social media influencers (SMIs) as local SMIs and foreign SMIs. The current study argues that foreign SMIs help to create a positive (or sometimes negative) image of another destination country abroad that they have visited or lived in, unlike local SMIs who mostly help promote touristic places of their own country in their own country. While prior studies have investigated the influence of social media influencers (SMIs) in travel decisions in general, it is not clear whether foreign SMIs can help shape another destination country's tourism image (DCTI) abroad. The current study fills this gap by investigating French SMIs' influence in shaping South Korea's destination country image in France. The leading French SMIs who actively create and share content about South Korea on their social media channels, such as YouTube, Instagram, Tik Tok, and Twitch, are identified and analyzed. Applying the netnographic method to four SMIs' communities of followers shows that French SMIs directly influence the DCTI of South Korea in France by influencing their cognitive, affective, and conative dimensions, although the effect on each varied. Moreover, the affective route had the highest impact, followed by the cognitive and conative route.

Features of Nautical Tourism in Portugal—Projected Destination Image with a Sustainability Marketing Approach

Nautical tourism stands out for its potential to achieve social-economic development in coastal and island destinations and as a lever for sustainable tourism. However, the lack of a clear definition of nautical tourism at the international level makes it difficult to characterize it, and the case of Portugal is no exception. In fact, despite the enormous potential of Portuguese nautical tourism, there is a lack of studies that characterize this type of tourism in the Portuguese tourism destination. This paper intends to make a first attempt to fill this gap by assessing the projected destination image of Portuguese nautical tourism with a sustainable marketing approach. In the design of the research, the content analysis methodology was applied. The data were collected from the official websites of the Portuguese legislation and the Portuguese nautical tourism players and analyzed through a theoretical model of sustainable marketing deriving from the literature review. The results provide the sustainable projected destination image of Portuguese nautical tourism and identify the main trends in the legislative framework, tourism activities, networks of players, and support infrastructures for Portuguese nautical tourism. The findings provide practical and useful insights for Portuguese nautical tourism stakeholders aiming to improve a sustainable projected destination image, as well as for researchers identifying research gaps in the nautical tourism topics. This study also provides a new methodological contribution, proposing a theoretical model of the projected destination image of nautical tourism with an approach to sustainable marketing, which can be applied to other nautical tourism destinations.

E-Booklet as Communication Strategy to Influence Change on Tourist’s Behaviour in Bali

Tourist’s demand led to an increasingly complex travel trend. as a result, numerous competitors rising to Indonesia tourism sector with various innovations and patterns of tourism communication. E-booklet is one of many products to build the image of quality tourism and Green Tourism in Indonesia. As a promotional medium, the e-booklet became a marketing communication strategy carried out by the Ministry of Tourism and creative arts in collaboration with the private sector since 2018. Together with the Grab Indonesia company, the Ministry of Tourism launched 2 types of e-booklets about Bali tourist destinations in mid-2022 and early 2023. In its implementation, two e-booklets entitled Bali Magz: Eat, explore, and Enjoy Bali and Exploration of the Enchantment of the Island of the Gods have provided comprehensive, visually interesting, and informative information. The nature of the e-booklet, which contains promotions and suggestions, is contained and can help tourists to choose the desired destination. These two e-booklets have been uploaded to the official website of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. Socialization from the government, ease of access to e-booklets, and understanding of tourists are indicators of the success of booklets in educating tourists. In the future, booklets would be perfected as promotional media to fulfil various elements of booklets and e-booklets. Planning for the preparation of the e-booklet is also needed so that each thing tourists need to know can be accommodated in the next guidebook. In the future, Indonesian Tourism, in general, and Bali, in particular, can achieve maximum success.

BRANDING WISATA BERBASIS PEMASARAN DIGITAL DI DESA YEHEMBANG KANGIN, KABUPATEN JEMBRANA

Yehembang Kangin tourism village is one of the tourism villages based on nature, man-made and religion with the main branding titled "Tri Hita Karana". Problems with promotion and branding concepts that are still immature cause the marketing process of tourist destinations to run slowly. This article presents the formulation of an appropriate digital-based marketing branding strategy as a first step in improving the image of tourism in Yehembang Kangin Tourism Village. The data in the form of interviews about tourism marketing conditions, observation data on field conditions, and visitor review survey data were processed using content analysis methods, gap analysis, and qualitative descriptive analysis. The result is a general strategy to strengthen the "Tri Hita Karana" branding, one of which is by increasing the structuring of the promotion concept and branding concept and improving the quality of the network to various digital platforms to build regional image.

한류경험유형이 한국의 관광지이미지 및 행동의도에 미치는 영향: 방한 중국인 유학생을 중심으로

The survey was conducted from June 1 to July 31, 2021, and the questionnaires were directly distributed by researchers to the respondents or surveyed through Chinese apps. and e-mails using smartphones. A total of 206 questionnaires were collected. To summarize the analysis results; first, it was found that the type of Korean wave experience(intangible Korean wave experience and tangible Korean wave experience) partially had a significant positive (+) effect on Korean tourism image factors(quality of experience, convenience, and attractiveness). Second, it was found that the type of Korean wave experience had a significant positive(+) effect on behavioral intention; and third, it was found that the image of tourist sites in Korea had a significant positive(+) effect on behavioral intention. Therefore, through hypothesis verification, we would like to establish a fundamental marketing strategy to revitalize the attraction of foreign tourists to Korea, which has been stagnant due to COVID-19.

HUDUDLARDA ZIYORAT TURIZMINI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA TURISTIK BRENDLARNING AHAMIYATI

The article deals with the creation of a tourist image and brand of regions in order to increase the potential of pilgrimage tourism in Uzbekistan. The historical and cultural objects of the Kashkadarya region were studied from the point of view of the potential for creating a tourist brand. A SWOT analysis of the temple complex of Abu Muin an Nasafi in the Karshi region was carried out.

The Effect of Cultural Attachment on Perceived Image of Sojourn Destination: an Evidence From Chinese Descent Students of Asean Coming to Guangxi, China

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to investigate how international students as experienced visitors constitute perceived images of their sojourns destination under the influence of cultural attachment. Theoretical framework: The framework extends the three-dimensional structure of perceived image consisting of the cognitive image, affective image, and conative image dimensions supported by previous literature (Agapito, Valle & Mendes, 2013), adding the relevant influence of the cultural attachment dimension (Hong, Fang, Yang & Phua, 2013). Design/methodology/approach: The research methodology used quantitative analysis. The deductive approach was used as a guide to build hypotheses based on the logical inter-dimensional relationships described previously in the literature. 525 ASEAN Chinese with study abroad experience in Guangxi participated in the questionnaire investigation as respondents, and related data were tested for the stated hypotheses using SPSS 26.0. Findings: The main findings further support previous similar studies that there are important interrelationships in the internal composition of perceived images, and innovatively confirm the important role of cultural attachment on perceived images. Research, Practical & Social implications: The research makes distinctive use of the cultural experiences of overseas students, offering possibilities for tourism image communication and destination marketing. Originality/value: The results uncover the academic value of cultural attachment to destination image marketing, which enriches the theoretical system of tourism destination marketing to some extent.

한류드라마의 특성이 MICE 목적지 이미지 속성과 방문의도에 미치는 영향

Popular culture such as TV dramas, movies, and music in Korea is in the spotlight even in the United States and Europe, beyond Asia and the Middle East. The Korean Wave, which is so enthusiastic around the world, is raising the value of Korea's national brand and bringing about positive economic effects. Cognitive image is an evaluation of the functional elements of tourism itself, and all stimuli from the object mean the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, etc. of the individual, and emotional tourism image refers to subjective thoughts, feelings, and attachment. In addition, tourism images are divided into cognitive images that mean knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes that an individual has, and emotional images that focus on individual emotions that speak subjective thoughts, feelings, and attachments. This study attempts a different approach from other MICE-related studies so far to focus on the characteristics of dramas and the cognitive and emotional attributes of MICE destination images. The MICE industry has entered a new phase through various changes, and research on MICE and destination can play an important role in a practical perspective. For the empirical analysis of this study, a survey was conducted on general college students who had experience watching Korean Wave dramas online. Statistical analysis was conducted on 208 effective samples among questionnaires collected online in April and May 2021. As a result of analyzing with the structural equation model using the SPSS and Smart PLS 3.0 statistical programs, the characteristics of Hallyu dramas were classified into three factors, subject characteristics, production characteristics, and actor characteristics, and MICE visit the image attributes were classified into two factors. As a result of hypothesis verification, it was found that among the characteristics of Korean Wave dramas, subject characteristics, production characteristics, and actor characteristics all affect cognitive properties. On the other hand, it was found that subject characteristics and actor characteristics influenced emotional characteristics. In addition, it was investigated that both cognitive and emotional attributes, which are attributes of MICE visit the image, had a significant effect on visit intention. According to these research results, exhibition participants provide cognitive and emotional images to grasp the psychology of college students through the characteristics of Korean Wave dramas, and accordingly, understanding the MICE visit the image of college students will have a certain effect on their intention to visit. This study attempts a different approach from other MICE-related studies so far to focus on the characteristics of dramas and the cognitive and emotional attributes of MICE destination images. The MICE industry has entered a new phase through various changes, and research on MICE and destination can play an important role in a practical perspective

Features of Rural Tourism as an Element of Kazakh Culture during the Pandemic Syndrome

The article discusses the prospects for developing rural tourism as one of the tools for shaping the country's image during and after the pandemic period. The tourism sphere of Kazakhstan, in which there were noticeable changes during the pandemic, is analyzed. Areas infected with coronavirus infection were shown on the map. Also, separately studied the data of the tourism sector of the Akmola and Karaganda regions during the pandemic. Marketing and sociological surveys were conducted to find determine residents' opinion of holiday destinations during the pandemic. In the example of neighboring regions of Akmola and Karaganda regions, some tourist objects contributing to the formation of the image and development of rural tourism were highlighted and marked on the map. 
 The key strengths of rural tourism development for the Republic of Kazakhstan, which can contribute to the sustainable formation of the country's image, are identified and recommended. The article compares the effects of COVID-19 and its impact on tourism development. Thus, the pandemic allows the development of domestic tourism in the country, due to which the population began to choose and give preference to tourist sites and routes within the country.

의사결정나무분석을 활용한 코로나19 이후 농촌관광객의 선호 특성 세분화 연구

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to explore and diagnose the characteristics and behavioural patterns of rural tourists after COVID-19 using decision tree analysis to classify and identify key segmentation groups.
 Design/methodology/approach - The CHAID algorithm was used as the analysis technique for the decision tree. The explanatory variables used in the analysis of each decision tree model were demographic variables and rural tourism usage behaviour and perception variables, and the target variables were the preferences of rural tourists' activities after COVID-19. From the Rural Tourism 2020 survey data, 614 samples with rural tourism experience were extracted and used in the analysis.
 Findings - The variables that significantly explained the preference for each type of rural tourism activity after COVID-19 were rural tourism safety perception, repeated visits to the region, rural tourism priority activity, rural tourism accommodation experience, gender, age group, marital status, occupation, and education level. Among them, rural tourism safety perception was the most important explanatory variable in each analysis model.
 Research implications or Originality - Overall, to promote rural tourism, it is necessary to enhance the safety image of rural tourism, strengthen loyalty programs for repeat visitors, and develop customized products that reflect the preferred trends of rural tourism.