Image-guided Core Needle Biopsy Research Articles

Pathologic Outcomes in Single Versus Multiple Areas of Architectural Distortion on Digital Breast Tomosynthesis.

BACKGROUND. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has led to increased detection of architectural distortion (AD). Management of patients with multiple areas of AD is not established. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to compare pathologic outcomes between single and multiple areas of AD identified on DBT. METHODS. This retrospective study included 402 patients (mean age, 56 years) who underwent image-guided core needle biopsy of AD visualized on DBT between April 7, 2017, and April 16, 2019. Patients were classified as having a single or multiple areas of AD according to the presence of distinct areas of AD described in the clinical radiology reports. The pathologic diagnosis for each AD was on the basis of the most aggressive pathology identified on either biopsy or surgical excision, if performed. Patients with single and multiple areas of AD were compared. RESULTS. The sample included 372 patients with a single AD (145 benign, 121 high risk, 105 malignant, one other) and 30 patients with multiple visualized ADs, including 66 biopsied ADs (10 benign, 35 high risk, 21 malignant). At pathologic assessment on a per-lesion basis, multiple compared with single ADs showed higher frequency of high-risk pathology (53.0% vs 32.5%, p = .002) but no difference in frequency of malignancy (31.8% vs 28.2%, p = .56). In multivariable analysis of a range of patient-related characteristics, the presence of single versus multiple areas of AD was not independently associated with malignancy (p = .51). In patients with multiple areas of AD, the most aggressive pathology (benign, high risk, or malignant) across all ADs was not associated with the number of ADs (p = .73). In 8 of 24 patients with at least two ipsilateral biopsied ADs, the ipsilateral areas varied in terms of most aggressive pathology; in 5 of 10 patients with contralateral biopsied ADs, the contralateral areas varied in most aggressive pathology. CONCLUSION. The presence of multiple areas of AD, compared with a single AD, was significantly more likely to yield high-risk pathology but was not significantly different in yield of malignancy. In patients with multiple ADs, multiple ipsilateral or contralateral ADs commonly varied in pathologic classification (benign, high risk, or malignant). CLINICAL IMPACT. These findings may help guide management of AD visualized by DBT, including multiple ADs. For patients with multiple areas of AD, biopsy of all areas may be warranted given variation in pathologic diagnoses.

Safety of image guided research biopsies in patients with thoracic malignancies

ObjectiveA common opportunity to collect research samples is during image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsies (CNBs) performed when clinically indicated or for assessing clinical trial eligibility. The relative safety of extra CNBs collected for research is undefined. Materials and MethodsPatients who underwent CNB for research purposes only [RO], as clinically indicated [CI], or as part of a clinical trial [CT] were identified. 30-day post-procedure adverse events (AEs) among the cohorts were examined and compared to the 2020 Society of Interventional Radiology QI guidelines. Results236 patients with thoracic cancers (90 % NSCLC, 5 % SCLC, 4 % mesothelioma, and 1 % thymic) had 292 CNBs (63 RO, 229 CI + CT). AEs occurred in 13 % of both the RO and CI + CT groups. Compared to the CI + CT group, the RO group did not have a higher pneumothorax incidence (RO: 5/29 [17 %], CI + CT: 18/114 [16 %], p = 0.79); both were below the suggested QI threshold of 45 % for pneumothorax. There was a negative association between number of cores obtained and risk of AE (AE vs no AE mean cores = 3.5 vs 4.8). After adjusting for the number of cores and smoking history, RO vs CI + CT lung biopsies had a higher risk of AEs (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 2.44, 1.08–5.55, p = 0.03 vs non-lung aRR = 0.86, 0.10–7.09, p = 0.89). ConclusionCNBs performed for research purposes do not have a significantly increased risk of AEs when compared to those performed for clinical trials and/or when clinically indicated. However, AEs were most frequent in lung biopsies. When performing research biopsies, a target other than lung may be preferred when clinically appropriate.

Antithrombotic Therapy and Hematoma Risk during Image-guided Core-Needle Breast Biopsy.

Background For image-guided core-needle breast biopsy (CNBB), it remains unclear whether antithrombotic medication should be withheld because of hematoma risk. Purpose To determine hematoma risk after CNBB in patients receiving antithrombotic medication and to stratify risk by antithrombotic type. Materials and Methods This HIPAA-compliant retrospective study included US-, stereotactic-, or MRI-guided CNBBs performed across six academic and six private practices between April 2019 and April 2021. Patients were instructed to continue antithrombotic medications, forming two groups: antithrombotic and nonantithrombotic. Hematomas were defined as new biopsy-site masses with a diameter of 2 cm or larger on postprocedure mammograms. Hematomas were considered clinically significant if management involved an intervention other than manual compression. Patient age, type of antithrombotic medication, practice type, image guidance modality, needle gauge and type, and outcome of pathologic analysis were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyze variables associated with hematomas. Results A total of 3311 biopsies were performed in 2664 patients (median age, 60 years; IQR, 48-70 years; 2658 women). The nonantithrombotic group included 2788 biopsies, and the antithrombotic group included 523 biopsies (328 low-dose aspirin, 73 full-dose antiplatelet drugs, 51 direct oral anticoagulants, 36 warfarin, 32 daily nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, three heparin or enoxaparin). The antithrombotic group had a higher overall hematoma rate (antithrombotic group: 49 of 523 biopsies [9.4%], nonantithrombotic group: 172 of 2788 biopsies [6.2%]; P = .007), but clinically significant hematoma rates were not different (antithrombotic group: two of 523 biopsies [0.4%], nonantithrombotic group: one of 2788 biopsies [0.04%]; P = .07). At multivariable analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03; P < .001), 9-gauge or larger needles (OR, 2.1; 95% CI: 1.28, 3.3; P = .003), and full-dose antiplatelet drugs (OR, 2.5; 95% CI: 1.29, 5.0; P = .007) were associated with higher hematoma rates. US guidance (OR, 0.26; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.40; P < .001) and 10-14-gauge needles (OR, 0.53; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.79; P = .002) were predictive of no hematoma. Conclusion Because clinically significant hematomas were uncommon, withholding antithrombotic medications before core-needle breast biopsy may be unnecessary. Postbiopsy hematomas were associated with full-dose antiplatelet drugs, patient age, and 9-gauge or larger needles. No association was found with other types of antithrombotic medication. © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Chang and Yoen in this issue.

About a misleading calcified mass of the elbow: Soft tissue osteochondroma: A case report.

IntroductionSoft tissue osteochondromas are rare lesions, with a misleading radiology, that can present diagnostic dilemma.Case presentationWe report the case of 16-year-old girl who presented an anterior swelling in his left elbow, slightly painful on palpation, with no signs of inflammation. Elbow mobility was normal. Standard radiographs showed a globular calcified mass. CT scan revealed a well-defined lobulated soft tissue mass with extensive flaky calcification. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed lobulated and intermuscular non-enhancing mass. The lesion had a low heterogeneous signal on T1 images, and a high heterogeneous signal on T2 FAT-SAT images, with low signal areas suggesting calcifications. There was no continuity to the adjacent ulna and radius. The patient first underwent image-guided core needle biopsy and histological examination concluded to chondroma. The tumour was then resected by anterior approach and the final histological diagnosis was osteochondroma of soft tissue.DiscussionA diagnosis of extraskeletal osteochondroma should be considered when an ossified mass is localized in the soft tissue particularly on the elbow. Excision is the treatment of choice when the function is reduced and the nature of the tumour remain uncertain.ConclusionOrthopedic surgeons should know about elbow localization of osteochondromas to help in accurate diagnosis and management of the tumour, to avoid overtreatment.

Abstract No. 575 Renal tumors image-guided core needle biopsy: coaxial or non-coaxial?

Renal mass biopsy to make histology-driven management decisions is increasing in popularity. Many guidelines recommend coaxial technique to prevent seeding risk among other complications, although there is no high quality evidence-based literature. Our purpose is to compare the coaxial and non-coaxial techniques of renal mass core needle biopsy, to determine if coaxial technique is superior to non-coaxial technique.

Troubleshooting Challenging Musculoskeletal Tumor Biopsies: Tricks of the Trade

Image-guided core needle biopsy of musculoskeletal lesions can be challenging due to a variety of technical, patient-related, and lesion-related factors. Poor preprocedural planning can result in low diagnostic yield, misdiagnosis, delay in care, and the need for additional procedures. Furthermore, suboptimal procedural technique may place the patient at an increased risk of iatrogenic complications. Optimizing pre-procedural planning by considering potential complications is important in ensuring a safe and successful procedure. We provide a review of strategies for troubleshooting challenging image-guided musculoskeletal tumor biopsies.

Hist-O-06 - Image-guided lymph node core-needle biopsy predicts survival in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome

<h3>Background:</h3> The prognosis of Sézary syndrome (SS) and mycosis fungoides (MF) depends on lymph node (LN) involvement. The usefulness of LN image-guided core-needle biopsies (CNBs), instead of surgical sampling, has been poorly evaluated. <h3>Objectives:</h3> To determine the prognostic value of LN CNB in MF/SS. <h3>Methods:</h3> A retrospective search was conducted to identify all LN biopsy specimens of MF/SS between 2008 and 2019. Biopsies were staged according to the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (ISCL/EORTC) criteria. We performed immunolabelling and determined the tumour clone frequency (TCF) by high-throughput sequencing of the T-cell receptor beta locus. <h3>Results:</h3> We included 119 consecutive biopsies from 100 patients, 45 with MF and 55 with SS. N1, N2 and N3 stages were diagnosed in 34 (29%), 26 (22%) and 59 (49%) cases, respectively. The TCF, Ki67 index, and percentage of cells positive for thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL2 (KIR3DL2) and cluster of differentiation (CD)30 were all positively correlated with the N stage. Median overall survival (OS) for N1/N2 vs. N3 patients was 42 months (range 26–not reached) vs. 14 months (range 5–30), respectively (p<0.001). In univariate analyses, an age >75 years, LN short-axis diameter >15 mm, N3 stage, presence of large-cell transformation, TOX >60%, PD1 >25%, Ki67 >30%, KIR3DL2 >15%, CD30 >10% and TCF >25% were identified as adverse prognostic factors. In multivariate analyses, only an age >75 years and Ki67 index >30% were associated with reduced OS. We developed a new prognostic index associating the N stage and the Ki67 index, which better discriminates N3 patients with poor prognosis. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> CNB allows an objective assessment of the LN involvement in MF/SS, relevant for staging and prognosis.

Predictors of Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Postoperatively Upgraded Invasive Breast Carcinoma Patients

Simple SummaryRoutine sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) is not necessary for breast-conserving surgery (BCS)-treated ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) but is indicated for underestimated invasive carcinoma (IC) postoperatively. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the factors contributing to SLN metastasis in underestimated IC patients with an initial diagnosis of DCIS by core needle biopsy. We found that only the features related to IC, including an IC tumor size (>0.5 cm) and the presence of LVI, could be used as risk predictors of SLN metastasis. In the absence of any predictors, the incidence of positive SLNs was very low (2.6%) in the total population and extremely low (1.3%) in the BCS subgroup. Therefore, we suggest that SLNB may be omitted in patients who initially underwent BCS without risk predictors on final pathological assessment. However, further prospective studies are warranted before its clinical application.Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) usually need not be simultaneously performed with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by preoperative core needle biopsy (CNB), but must be performed once there is invasive carcinoma (IC) found postoperatively. This study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to SLN metastasis in underestimated IC patients with an initial diagnosis of DCIS by CNB. We retrospectively reviewed 1240 consecutive cases of DCIS by image-guided CNB from January 2010 to December 2017 and identified 316 underestimated IC cases with SLNB. Data on clinical characteristics, radiologic features, and final pathological findings were examined. Twenty-three patients (7.3%) had SLN metastasis. Multivariate analysis indicated that an IC tumor size > 0.5 cm (odds ratio: 3.11, p = 0.033) and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (odds ratio: 32.85, p < 0.0001) were independent risk predictors of SLN metastasis. In the absence of any predictors, the incidence of positive SLNs was very low (2.6%) in the total population and extremely low (1.3%) in the BCS subgroup. Therefore, omitting SLNB may be an acceptable option for patients who initially underwent BCS without risk predictors on final pathological assessment. Further prospective studies are necessary before clinical application.

Is image-guided core needle biopsy of borderline axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients clinically helpful?

BackgroundWhen borderline axillary lymph nodes (bALN) are identified on ultrasound (US) for breast cancer (BC) patients, preoperative management is unclear. We aimed to evaluate if core needle biopsy (CNB) for bALN is clinically helpful or disruptive. MethodsRetrospective review of BC patients with bALN from 2014 to 2019 was performed. Clinicopathologic data were compared for those who did and did not have CNB. ResultsCNB (n = 34) and no CNB (n = 31) were similar with respect to clinicopathologic factors. Surgical LN-positive rate was the same between cohorts (p = 0.26). CNB was disruptive in 58.8 %; all had CNB for pN0 disease. CNB was helpful in 34.2 %: 14.7 % proceeded directly to axillary dissection; 17.6 % had positive LN localized after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ConclusionsCNB for bALN is more likely clinically disruptive and did not impact surgical LN positive rate. BC patients with bALN should undergo CNB only if it will change clinical management.

The morbidity of open tumor biopsy for intraabdominal neoplasms in pediatric patients.

Tumor biopsy is often essential for diagnosis and management of intraabdominal neoplasms found in children. Open surgical biopsy is the traditional approach used to obtain an adequate tissue sample to guide further therapy, but image-guided percutaneous core-needle biopsy is being used more often due to concerns about the morbidity of open biopsy. We used a national database to evaluate the morbidity associated with open intraabdominal tumor biopsy. We identified all patients undergoing laparotomy with tumor biopsy in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) database from 2012 to 2018 and measured the frequency of complications in the 30days postoperatively. We tested associations between patient characteristics and outcomes to identify risk factors for complications. We identified 454 patients undergoing laparotomy for biopsy of an intraabdominal neoplasm. Median postoperative hospital stay was 7days (IQR 4-12) and operative time was 117min (IQR 84-172). The overall complication rate was 12.1%, with post-operative infection (6%) and bleeding (4.2%) being the most common complications. Several patient characteristics were associated with bleeding, but the only significant association on multivariable analysis was underlying hematologic disorder. Open abdominal surgery for pediatric intraabdominal tumor biopsy is accompanied by significant morbidity. Postoperative infection was the most common complication, which can delay initiation of further therapy, especially chemotherapy. These findings support the need to prospectively compare percutaneous image-guided core-needle biopsy to open biopsy as a way to minimize risk and optimize outcomes for this vulnerable population.

Diagnostic accuracy of image-guided core needle biopsy of non-central nervous system tumors in children.

Core needle biopsies (CNB) are less invasive, cause less morbidity, and have lower costs than open biopsies (OB). However, the number of studies reporting CNB accuracy in pediatric tumors is limited and series are small. The aim of this study is to investigate if CNB diagnosis is concordant with the final diagnosis in pediatric solid non-central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Data from all patients treated in a single center between November 2014 and December 2019 were collected from the national pathology database and from local medical records. Data collection included age, sex, CNB diagnosis, final diagnosis, number of cores obtained, number of cores used for histology, cumulative core length, greatest dimension of the lesion, lesion volume, and complications. Out of 361 CNB, 95.6% (345/361) provided a diagnosis. A resection or follow-up biopsy was performed in 201 cases. The final diagnosis was concordant with the CNB in 100% (201/201) of cases. The age, number of cores used for histology, and the greatest dimension of the lesion did not significantly differ between diagnostic and nondiagnostic CNB. The cumulative core length of diagnostic CNB was significantly higher than in the nondiagnostic group (24.72mm vs. 13.37mm, p-value .022). Complications occurred in 2.1% (7/337) of CNB procedures. Molecular analysis was successful in 228/233 (98%) of cases in which it was performed. CNB diagnosis is highly concordant with the final diagnosis and the diagnostic rate is high. The complication rate in CNB is low.

Granular cell tumors of the breast: an unusual case of multifocality—a case report

: A 39-year-old female with no prior cancer diagnosis presented with a right breast lump that increased in pain with menstruation over the past 4 years. Imaging demonstrated two masses in the right breast and one mass in the left breast and image-guided core needle biopsy was consistent with bilateral granular cell tumors (GCTs) of the breasts. Based on the multifocal nature of the patient’s breast masses and associated pain, diagnosis of GCT did not clinically correlate with the patient’s presentation. However initial pathology on core biopsy showing positive staining for S100 and CD68, classic for GCTs, guided our treatment of this patient. Our patient was managed surgically with excisional biopsy yielding two masses in the right breast and one mass in the left breast. Final pathology confirmed the initial diagnosis of GCTs of the breasts, and the patient has had an uncomplicated postoperative course. Although GCTs of the breast typically present as solitary and painless masses, multifocal presentation and pain are possible. It is also important to rule out malignancy with excisional biopsy of the masses and take into account the possibility of upstaging. Furthermore, it may be warranted to explore underlying genetic conditions such as LEOPARD syndrome if patient presents with additional findings.

Analysis of factors affecting the diagnostic yield of image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy for peritoneal/omental lesions.

To evaluate the diagnostic yield, safety, and factors associated with the diagnostic yield of percutaneous core needle biopsy (PNB) for peritoneal/omental lesions. Consecutive 297 patients (67 men, 230 women; median age, 64years [range 15-87]) who underwent a PNB for 311 peritoneal/omental lesions at a single center from April 2010 to March 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. The preprocedural CT findings, diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, technical success rate, and adverse events were analyzed. Surgical or clinical diagnosis with follow-up was the diagnostic reference standard. Adverse events were evaluated using the Society of Interventional Radiology guidelines. The median anteroposterior (AP) diameter and CT value of the target lesion were 24mm (range 5-78) and 46 HU (range -75 to 140), respectively. Ascites was interposed on the puncture route in 106 patients (34.1%). The technical success rate was 100%. The diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 93.9%, 93.8%, 100%, 100%, and 20.8%, respectively. Minor complications were observed following five procedures (1.6%). The diagnostic yield was lower for fat-dominant lesions than for other lesions (82.6% vs. 95.8%, p = 0.002). The diagnostic PNB group had a greater AP diameter than did the non-diagnostic PNB group (27.3 ± 13.0 vs. 20.7 ± 8.4mm, p = 0.037). PNB for peritoneal/omental lesions provided a sufficiently high diagnostic yield and minimal adverse events. Lesions with a greater AP diameter and a higher density on CT would provide more diagnostic specimens from this technique.

Management of Lobular Neoplasia Found on Core Needle Biopsy Performed for Calcifications Using Precise Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the upgrade rate of calcified lobular neoplasia (LN) versus incidental noncalcified classic LN found on core needle biopsy performed for the evaluation of suspicious calcifications. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This retrospective study included 390 consecutive image-guided breast core needle biopsies with microcalcifications as the target that were performed between December 2009 and July 2017. In 81 of the 390 core biopsies, the highest-risk lesion was LN that then underwent either excision or imaging follow-up. Core biopsy results were compared with excision and imaging follow-up findings. An upgrade of LN was defined as ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma. RESULTS. Of 81 LN diagnosed on core biopsy performed for calcifications, 16 had calcifications within the LN. Fifteen of these 16 cases underwent surgical excision, and three (3/15, 20.0%) were upgraded on excision. Of the 64 core biopsies showing incidental noncalcified LN with benign concordant entities containing calcifications, 42 underwent surgical excision, and one LN (1/42, 2.4%) was upgraded. Twenty-three total lesions (one calcified LN and 22 noncalcified LN) were followed with imaging rather than excision. No cancers were detected among the follow-up group. One case was deemed to have discordant findings on radiologic-pathologic review and was sent for excision, which showed invasive cancer with tubulolobular and lobular features. CONCLUSION. Women undergoing stereotactic core needle biopsy for calcifications revealing noncalcified incidental classic LN and a benign concordant entity that could explain the presence of the target calcifications have a low risk of upgrade and may be followed with imaging. Surgical excision should be offered to women who have LN with calcifications.

Image-guided lymph node core-needle biopsy predicts survival in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.

The prognosis of Sézary syndrome (SS) and mycosis fungoides (MF) depends on lymph node (LN) involvement. The usefulness of LN image-guided core-needle biopsies (CNBs), instead of surgical sampling, has been poorly evaluated. To determine the prognostic value of LN CNB in MF/SS. A retrospective search was conducted to identify all LN biopsy specimens of MF/SS between 2008 and 2019. Biopsies were staged according to the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (ISCL/EORTC) criteria. We performed immunolabelling and determined the tumour clone frequency (TCF) by high-throughput sequencing of the T-cell receptor beta locus. We included 119 consecutive biopsies from 100 patients, 45 with MF and 55 with SS. N1, N2 and N3 stages were diagnosed in 34 (29%), 26 (22%) and 59 (49%) cases, respectively. The TCF, Ki67 index, and percentage of cells positive for thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL2 (KIR3DL2) and cluster of differentiation (CD)30 were all positively correlated with the N stage. Median overall survival (OS) for N1/N2 vs. N3 patients was 42months (range 26-not reached) vs. 14months (range 5-30), respectively (P<0·001). In univariate analyses, an age>75years, LN short-axis diameter>15mm, N3 stage, presence of large-cell transformation, TOX>60%, PD1>25%, Ki67>30%, KIR3DL2>15%, CD30>10% and TCF>25% were identified as adverse prognostic factors. In multivariate analyses, only an age>75years and Ki67 index>30% were associated with reduced OS. We developed a new prognostic index associating the N stage and the Ki67 index, which better discriminates N3 patients with poor prognosis. CNB allows an objective assessment of the LN involvement in MF/SS, relevant for staging and prognosis.

Image Guided Core Needle Biopsy (CNB) of the Breast—Part 1: Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC)

There are varied mammographic and ultrasonographic manifestations of breast carcinomas that begin in the milk ducts and are confined to the ducts and lobules or penetrated through the duct wall into the stroma. The mammographic findings include focal masses with or without spiculated hyperdense lesion, oval or lobulated shape, various patterns of microcalcifications, asymmetric density, architectural distortion, and associated features such as skin thickening and retraction, nipple retraction, and axillary lymphadenopathy. The ultrasonographic abnormalities include masses (solid or cystic) and their shapes, margins, echo patterns, posterior acoustic features, calcifications, vascularity determined by color Doppler imaging, and effects on surrounding tissue. Radiologists play no role in giving direct pathological reports. Our role is to describe the findings and give an impression of what they look like in terms of Breast Imaging Report and Data System (BIRADS). For any suspected lesion with a chance of malignancy of 2% and above (BIRADS 4 and 5), a pathological study is recommended. For any lesions seen by ultrasonography (US), a US-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) is recommended. For lesions seen only by mammography, stereotactic guidance is appropriate. The image-guided intervention provides the pathological result that is essential for the clinician to plan treatment with the patient. Part 1 of this case report includes DCIS and IDC. The interesting cases are the varieties of presentation, different patterns of imaging findings, CNB results, and finally the surgical pathological results.

Image Guided Core Needle Biopsy (CNB) in Malignancy of The Breast—Part 2: Breast Ductal Malignancies other than Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC)

Image Guided Core Needle Biopsy (CNB) in Malignancy of The Breast—Part 2: Breast Ductal Malignancies other than Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC)

Image-Guided Core Needle Biopsy of Adipocytic Tumors: Diagnostic Accuracy and Concordance With Final Surgical Pathology.

OBJECTIVE. Diagnostic accuracy of core needle biopsy (CNB) for adipocytic tumors can be low because of sampling error from these often large, heterogeneous lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of image-guided CNB for various adipocytic tumors in comparison with excisional pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Adipocytic tumors (n = 77) of all adult patients undergoing image-guided CNB and subsequent surgical excision of an adipocytic tumor at a tertiary referral center between 2005 and 2019 were studied. To determine concordance, we compared pathologic diagnoses based on CNB to the reference standard of pathologic diagnoses after surgical excision. Tumors were divided into three categories (benign lipomatous tumors [lipoma, lipoma variants, hibernomas], atypical lipomatous tumors [ALTs] or well-differentiated liposarcomas [WDLs], and higher grade liposarcomas [myxoid, dedifferentiated, pleomorphic]), and diagnostic accuracy was calculated for each category. RESULTS. In 73 of 77 adipocytic tumors (95%), diagnosis at CNB and diagnosis after excision were concordant. Accuracy of diagnosis was poorer for ALTs and WDLs than for the other two categories, and the difference was statistically significant (p < .002). For the 29 benign lipomatous tumors and the 27 higher-grade liposarcomas, diagnoses at CNB and after excision were concordant in all cases (100%). Seventeen of the 21 tumors (81%) diagnosed as ALTs or WDLs at CNB had a concordant diagnosis after excision; four of the 21 were upgraded (dedifferentiated liposarcoma, n = 3; myxoid liposarcoma, n = 1). CONCLUSION. CNB provides high diagnostic accuracy for adipocytic tumors, particularly for benign lipomatous tumors and higher grade liposarcomas. However, though still high at 81%, diagnostic accuracy of CNB is not as high for tumors diagnosed as ALTs or WDLs. Awareness of this limitation is important when determining management, particularly of cases of ALT or WDL for which surgery is not planned.

Percutaneous Image-Guided Core Needle Biopsy of Neuroendocrine Tumors: How Common Is Intraprocedural Carcinoid Crisis?

PurposeTo retrospectively evaluate the incidence of carcinoid crisis, other complications, and physiologic disturbances during percutaneous image-guided core needle biopsy of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in the lung and the liver. Materials and MethodsBetween January 2010 and January 2020, 106 computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US)-guided core needle biopsies of lung and liver NETs were performed in 95 consecutive adult patients. The mean age was 64 ± 13 years, and 48% were female. The small bowel was the most common primary site (33%, 31/95), and 32 (34%) patients had pre-existing symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. The mean tumor size was 3.2 ± 2.6 cm, and mean number of passes was 3.4 ± 1.6. A 17/18-gauge needle was used in 91% (96/106) of the biopsies. Thirteen (12%) patients received either outpatient or prophylactic octreotide. ResultsNo patients experienced carcinoid crisis or needed octreotide, inotropes, vasopressors, or resuscitation. A single biopsy procedure (0.9%, 1/106) was complicated by bleeding that required angiographic hepatic artery embolization. Changes in pre-biopsy- versus post-biopsy systolic blood pressure and heart rate were -1.6 mm Hg (P = .390) and 0.6 beat/min (P = .431), respectively. Tumor functional status, overall tumor burden, and the elevation of neuroendocrine markers were not associated with intraprocedural physiologic disturbances. There were 4 minor complications (0.4%, 4/106) associated with the biopsy procedure that were not attributed to hormone excretion from tumor manipulation. ConclusionsPercutaneous image-guided core biopsy of NETs is safe, with low complication rate and no definite carcinoid crisis in the current cohort.

Ultrasound-Guided Core Biopsy for Tissue Diagnosis in Pediatric Oncology: 16-Year Experience With 597 Biopsies.

OBJECTIVE. Percutaneous imaging-guided core needle biopsies (CNBs) for cancer diagnosis in pediatric patients are gaining interest because of their availability, lower rate of complications, and high diagnostic power compared with traditional surgical biopsies. Nevertheless, their precise role in the diagnostic algorithm of pediatric oncology is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to report our accumulated 16-year experience with CNB; discuss the availability, safety, and diagnostic accuracy of the procedure and the adequacy of ancillary testing; and compare our findings with the available literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Pediatric ultrasound-guided CNBs performed in our hospital between November 2003 and December 2019 were retrospectively studied. Data collection included demographics, clinical and procedural parameters, complications, and final diagnosis. RESULTS. A total of 597 biopsies were performed in 531 patients (132 performed in known oncologic patients and 465 performed to establish diagnosis). The median time between the biopsy request and the procedure was 1 day. Of 432 biopsies performed in patients with malignancies, 12 (2.8%) had false-negative results. In 165 cases of benign pathologic findings, all had true-negative results. Ancillary testing was adequate in all malignant cases. Overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates were 97.2%, 100%, and 98.0%, respectively. Five biopsies (0.8%) resulted in complications, including one major bleed and one track seeding. CONCLUSION. Our experience shows that ultrasound-guided CNB for suspected malignancy in pediatric patients has a high safety profile, availability, and accuracy rate compared with surgical biopsy. Our fast-track strategy enables early initiation of designated therapy and has the potential to become the procedure of choice.