Image Display Research Articles

Diagnostic value of different color ultrasound diagnostic method in endometrial lesions

BACKGROUNDEndometrial lesions include endometrial cancer and inferior fibroids. Among them, endometrial cancer as a malignant tumor seriously endangers the life and health of patients. Ultrasonography is an important means of diagnosing female reproductive system diseases, and it is of critical value for the early diagnosis of endometrial cancer. However, different ultrasound inspection programs have achieved different results. It is of great significance to choose a suitable inspection program.AIMTo explore the diagnostic efficacy of different ultrasonic examination methods in clinical endometrial lesions.METHODSThe 140 patients with endometrial lesions who were treated in our hospital from April 2018 to October 2019 were used as the research subjects. All patients underwent transvaginal color ultrasound and transabdominal color ultrasound. We compared the diagnostic coincidence and image display effects of the two different examination methods, and the endometrial thickness, blood flow, uterine effusion and resistance index of different diseases were observed by transvaginal color ultrasound.RESULTSThe diagnostic coincidence rate of all types of diseases of transvaginal color ultrasound was significantly higher than that of transabdominal color ultrasound (P = 0.001, 0.005, 0.001 and 0.001). In addition, the excellent and good rate of image display of transvaginal color ultrasound was higher than that of transabdominal color ultrasound (P = 0.001). There were significant differences in endometrial thickness in patients with different types of endometrial lesions through the transvaginal color examination (P = 0.001). The incidence rate of uterine effusion in patients with endometrial carcinoma was significantly higher than that in patients with other types of endometrial lesions (P = 0.001), and the rate of the blood flow was the highest (P = 0.001). The comparison of blood flow resistance index indicated that the blood flow resistance index in endometrial cancer patients was the lowest, which shows that the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONThe overall diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal color ultrasound in the clinical diagnosis of endometrial lesions is better than that of transabdominal color ultrasound, which held higher diagnostic coincidence rate and image display effect. There were significant differences in the thickness of the endometrium and the blood flow in different types of lesions.

A Novel GUI-Based Image Reconstruction Algorithm of EIT Imaging Technique

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive technique that is used to estimate the electrical properties of a medical or non-medical object through the boundary data of the object. It used to achieve functional imaging of different objects by measuring electrical conductivity and impedance parameters. In this paper, a novel image reconstruction algorithm is presented, which is based on graphical user interface (GUI) developed on MATLAB software platform. EIT imaging algorithm consists of a forward problem and an inverse problem. The forward problem is formulated with the conductance matrix, and a non-iterative inverse method is used to estimate the conductivity distribution. Image display and data analysis are implemented and controlled directly in the GUI. The numerical simulations and phantom experiments have been carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm and other previous research data through quantitative parameters. The obtained result shows satisfactory and comparable results to other EIT imaging algorithm.

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) IMAGE IN REPAIRING TENDON INJURY IN ATHLETES

ABSTRACT Introduction: endon injury can usually be divided into the following types: fracture, dislocation, compression, bone insert, tendon injury, among which dislocation and compression are more common. Objective: To evaluate the application value of Computed Tomography (CT) image in tendon display. Methods: CT scan of the hands and feet was performed in our hospital for suspected tendon lesions. The CT and MRI data of 61 patients with tendon injury were retrospectively analyzed, and the diagnostic efficiency of CT and MRI were compared and analyzed. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of 61 patients was 89.71% (61/68). Except for chronic tendon injury (12/19), the diagnostic accuracy of other lesions was 100%. The sensitivity of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of hand tendon injury was 94.7% and 90.7%, the specificity was 99.3% and 98.6%, and the coincidence rate was 97.7% and 96.3%. Conclusions: CT images are accurate in localization and characterization of tendon injury, with high sensitivity and specificity, and can provide accurate anatomical basis for surgery. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Comparative analysis of off-axis digital hologram binarization by error diffusion

A digital micromirror device (DMD) provides 2D- and 3D-scene reconstruction by displaying diffractive and holographic optical elements. The highest frame rates (tens of thousands of Hz) can be achieved if the displayed optical elements are binarized. Except for DMD applications, hologram binarization is useful for display creation, image encryption, information compression and storage, fast 3D printing, etc. Error diffusion is one of the most qualitative implementations of hologram binarization. In this paper, three group's weighting matrices of error diffusion are analyzed: 16 standard, eight dot and six diagonal matrices. Thus, 30 error diffusion methods were used for optically recorded off-axis digital hologram binarization. The quality of the image reconstruction from the binarized holograms was compared. Direct applications of error diffusion with large weighting matrices and dot diffusion provide the highest reconstruction quality. Seven metrics were used as the error diffusion threshold. Twelve bypass directions of error diffusion were analyzed. In addition, the joint application of Otsu threshold and complex bypass directions allows us to improve the quality of hologram binarization by 15%.

Image2emmet: Automatic code generation from web user interface image

AbstractWeb development usually follows with analyzing the functionality, designing the user interface (UI) prototype, implementing the UI by front‐end (FE) developers and implementing the REpresentational State Transfer (RESTful) application programming interface (API) by back‐end (BE) programmers. Unfortunately, web development is a tedious, cumbersome, and time‐consuming task, which makes it a challenge for the FE programmers to work in an efficient way. In this paper, we propose an approach, image2emmet, to assist FE programmers in implementing the UI. First, we collect HyperText Markup Language, Cascading Style Sheets (HTML‐CSS) dataset in an automatic and efficient way. The HTML‐CSS dataset used for model training consists of HTML‐CSS code and its display images. Second, the faster region‐based convolutional neural network (CNN) (R‐CNN) is utilized to detect the UI component. Finally, we build a model combining CNN and long short‐term memory (LSTM) to transform the UI component into the HTML‐CSS code. The empirical study demonstrates that image2emmet can achieve a precision of 80% on the UI component detection and 60% on the transformation of UI component into HTML‐CSS code.

Value of high resolution magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative evaluation of Denonvilliers fascia in patients with rectal cancer

Objective: Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the gold standard for surgical treatment of mid-low rectal cancer, but the postoperative incidence of urination and sexual dysfunction is relatively high. Preserving the Denonvilliers fascia (DF) during TME can reduce the postoperative incidence of urination and sexual dysfunction. In this study, high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to observe the imaging performance and display of DF, so as to determine the value of this technique in preoperative evaluation of the preservation of DF. Methods: A descriptive cohort study was carried out. Clinical data of patients with rectal cancer who underwent TME and received preoperative high-resolution MRI at department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from August 2015 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The characteristics of DF were examined, and the shortest distance (d) between the anterior edge of tumor and DF was measured on high-resolution MRI. The distance d was compared between patients with stage T1-T2 and those with stage T3. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the predictive value of d for stage T1-T2 disease. Results: Thirty-two patients were enrolled in the study, including 27 males and 5 females with mean age of (62.9±8.9) years. DF was visualized in 96.9% (31/32) of cases on the T2WI sequence. The mean distance d in patients with stage T1-T2 disease (n=23) was (6.73±2.65) mm, and in those with stage T3 disease (n=9) was (1.30±1.15) mm (t=5.893, P<0.001). A cutoff of d >3 mm yielded specificity and positive predictive value for diagnosing stage T1-T2 disease of both 100%, sensitivity of 95.7% and negative predictive value of 90%. The optimum threshold of d was >3.05 mm, and Youden index was 0.957. Conclusions: High-resolution MRI can show the DF and accurately evaluate the relationship of DF with tumor in rectal cancer patients. Analysis on d value can provide an objective basis for the safe preservation of DF.

Evolution of echocardiography in adult congenital heart disease: from pulsed-wave Doppler to fusion imaging.

The number of patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) has been dramatically increasing and adults with congenital heart disease now outnumber children with congenital heart disease. However, patients with ACHD are still at increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to residua and sequelae. Although echocardiography is an indispensable imaging modality in the comprehensive assessment of ACHD, accurate echocardiographic assessment of ACHD is challenging especially for physicians or sonographers who are not familiar with ACHD because of its complex morphology, physiology, and hemodynamics. A recently developed fusion imaging technology can provide synchronized display of real-time echocardiographic images and multiplanar reconstruction images of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging corresponding to the image plane of real-time echocardiography. We have reported the clinical utility of this fusion imaging technology for the precise evaluation of complex ACHD. On the other hand, conventional echocardiographic technology also plays an important role in assessing unique ACHD pathophysiology. For example, restrictive right ventricular physiology is a common finding after tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonary stenosis repair and can be evaluated by conventional pulsed-wave Doppler. In this review, we discuss the clinical usefulness of modern and conventional echocardiographic technologies for the evaluation of ACHD by presenting a case series.

Establishment of a 3D ultrasound imaging system based on pulse-triggered image acquisition

To establish a 3D ultrasound imaging system based on pulse-triggered image acquisition using the linear probe on the VerasonicsTM vantage 128 platform and evaluate its performance in scanning standard phantom and human carotid artery. The 3D ultrasound imaging system included 3 modules for probe motion control, image acquisition and storage, and 3D image reconstruction and display. To improve the precision of image acquisition, we used fixed frequency pulses to control the external trigger function combined with mechanical scanning. Voxel-based 3D reconstruction was used for image reconstruction and display. The user interface was designed to allow direct operations of the platform. We carried out scanning tests of standard ultrasound phantom and human carotid artery to evaluate the performance of this imaging system. We successfully constructed a 3D ultrasound imaging system based on pulse-triggered image acquisition. The results of standard phantom and human carotid scanning tests showed that each module of the system was fully functional. The self-designed user interface of this ultrasound imaging system allowed full control of the system functions for original image acquisition, 3D image reconstruction, and display of cross-sections in 3 different views. This 3D ultrasound imaging system achieves high-quality 3D ultrasound imaging and provides the basis for further study and clinical application of 3D ultrasound imaging.

Parametrial evaluation in cervical cancer by magnetic resonance imaging and clinical examination: Analysis of data from the prospective Leipzig School MMR study.

5525 Parametrial evaluation in cervical cancer by magnetic resonance imaging and clinical examination Background: In cervical cancer patients, assessment of parametrial tumor extension is important for staging and treatment planning. The 2019 cervical cancer guideline published by the Féderation Internationale de Gynécologie et d’Obstétrique (FIGO) for the first time includes recommendations for usage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in this setting. However, valid data regarding the accuracy of this method, especially in patients with advanced disease, are sparce. The objective of this investigation was to compare the accuracy of parametrial assessment in cervical cancer patients using MRI and clinical examination under general anesthesia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study based on data from the prospective monocentric observational Leipzig School Mesometrial Resection study was conducted. Cervical cancer patients staged FIGO IB1 to FIGO IVA who underwent primary surgery between 1999 and 2017 were included. Data from pathological specimen of these patients was compared to the MRI findings and the results from clinical examination under general anesthesia. The gynecological oncologist had access to the MR images during clinical assessment. We calculated sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values for both examination methods. We performed logistic regression modelling to determine factors influencing the accuracy of either method. Results: 400 women were included. Pathologically proven parametrial tumor invasion was present in 165 (41%) patients. Examination under anesthesia augmented by intraoperative display of MR images exhibited a higher accuracy (83%) as compared to MRI alone (76%; McNemar’s odds ratio = 2.0, 95%CI 1.25 – 3.27, p = 0.003). While accuracy was not affected by tumor size in clinical examination, MRI was associated with a significant drop in accuracy in tumors ≥ 2.5 cm (univariable logistic regression, OR for a correct diagnosis compared to smaller tumors 0.22, p &lt; 0.001). This association remained significant in a multivariable model. There was also a significant decrease in specificity when evaluating parametrial invasion by MRI in tumors ≥ 2.5 cm in diameter (p &lt; 0.0001). Body mass index had no influence on performance of either method. Accuracy was significantly higher when test results were concordant (OR 7.5 and 6.0 on univariable and multivariable regression modelling, respectively, p &lt; 0.0001 in both cases). Conclusions: Clinical evaluation of the parametrium by pelvic examination under anesthesia in conjunction with intraoperative presentation of MR images leads to more accurate staging in cervical cancer patients as compared to magnetic resonance imaging alone. Clinical examination should therefore remain an integral part of parametrial assessment in cervical cancer patients.

Comparative Photoinitiating Performances of Donor–Acceptor Multibranched Triphenylamines Designed for Light-Triggered Micropatterning Applications

The present investigation describes an original structure–reactivity relationship within a series of type II photoinitiators designed on the basis of a multibranched molecular engineering strategy. Each photoinitiator indeed incorporates a triphenylamine subunit decorated with a combination of para-substituents, implying anisole or thioanisole as π-conjugated donor groups and multiple reactive ketones as electron-acceptor functions. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the photoinitiating efficiency of such multipolar derivatives is mainly modulated by a solvent-mediated interplay between intersystem crossing and intramolecular charge transfer processes at the excited singlet state. Such a balancing mechanism drastically regulates the population of highly reactive excited triplet species in such a manner that the photoinitiation performance of the dyes can be enhanced by more than 1 order of magnitude within the series. Taking advantage of this amplified photoreactivity, we illustrated the versatile application potential of the best-performing photoinitiating prototype, which was both employed both in a rapid two-dimensional (2D) photopatterning process through liquid crystal display (LCD) image projection and in three-dimensional (3D) micro-optics fabrication at the surface of an optical fiber.

Graphene Metapixels for Dynamically Switchable Structural Color.

Structural coloration providing vibrant and tailored colors enables broad applications. Existing strategies of structural coloration either use resonances or diffraction induced by arrayed nanostructures with element sizes at a wavelength scale or are based on interference from vacuum-deposited large-area thin films. It is extremely challenging to achieve full color pixels with diffraction-limited resolution without sophisticated multiple-step nanostructure fabrication or externally applied field control. Realization of dynamically switchable full color displays with diffraction-limited resolution is even harder. This work demonstrates a structural color strategy with developed anisotropic graphene metapixels. The anisotropic optical property is given by the intrinsic birefringence of the layered structure of graphene metamaterials, and each metapixel is spatially encoded by direct laser printing with diffraction-limited resolution (250 nm). The colors can be dynamically and instantly switched by controlling the scattering of the light source to excite different modes based on the strong anisotropic optical properties of the graphene metapixels. The low-cost large-scale fabrication method allows experimental demonstration of a large-area (4 in.) flexible full color optical switchable display. Such a simple, effective and flexible method promises broad practical applications in color display and color image sensing related fields.

MyOcrTool: Visualization System for Generating Associative Images of Chinese Characters in Smart Devices

Majority of Chinese characters are pictographic characters with strong associative ability and when a character appears for Chinese readers, they usually associate with the objects, or actions related to the character immediately. Having this background, we propose a system to visualize the simplified Chinese characters, so that developing any skills of either reading or writing Chinese characters is not necessary. Considering the extensive use and application of mobile devices, automatic identification of Chinese characters and display of associative images are made possible in smart devices to facilitate quick overview of a Chinese text. This work is of practical significance considering the research and development of real-time Chinese text recognition, display of associative images and for such users who would like to visualize the text with only images. The proposed Chinese character recognition system and visualization tool is named as MyOcrTool and developed for Android platform. The application recognizes the Chinese characters through OCR engine, and uses the internal voice playback interface to realize the audio functions and display the visual images of Chinese characters in real-time.

First-trimester fetal heart evaluation: time to move forward.

First-trimester fetal heart evaluation: time to move forward.

Integral imaging display with enhanced depth of field based on bifocal lens array

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a depth‐enhanced integral imaging display based on bifocal lens array. The bifocal lens array consists of a small lens array with plano‐convex circular lens units and a large lens array with square lens units. The proposed display device generates two central depth planes and stitches two reconstructed 3‐D images in depth, which largely improves the depth of field. The experimental results indicate that the proposed structure reconstructed 3‐D image with the depth of field as large as 150.8 mm, which is double of conventional integral imaging display.

3D printing-based mirrored image component for seamless modular curved-edge displays.

A facile method for designing and fabricating a concave mirror from a 3D printed mold is proposed for a seamless modular curved-edge display. The concave mirror is placed on the seam of modular curved-edge display, thereby reflecting images at the curved-edge area toward the observer direction. By investigating the concave mirror structures based on parametric modeling, we obtain a continuous image in a modular curved-edge display by optically concealing the seam. We also analyze the luminance distribution and the viewing angle of the seamless modular curved-edge display to show the capability of concealing the seam by the concave mirror.

Development and implementation of a quality control protocol for B-mode ultrasound equipment.

Quality assurance (QA) of ultrasound (US) equipment is currently required in only a few countries around the world. In Greece, no national or other norms exist for regulating the use of US equipment. However, to obtain accreditation for the radiology department of a Greek hospital, the establishment and implementation of a quality control (QC) protocol and a QA programme for US equipment was required. A literature review regarding US QC/QA procedures was performed. The information collected was used as a guide to create a QC/QA protocol and to obtain an appropriate US QC phantom. Drafting and testing of the initial protocol lasted 6months. Its final version was implemented for 18months in two US systems and five US transducers. The QC tests included in the protocol evaluate mechanical and electrical safety, image display, uniformity, penetration depth, distance accuracy, greyscale display, anechoic object imaging, geometric distortion, and axial/lateral resolution. The only QC test that failed was the test for uniformity since intense non-uniformities were observed that led to the replacement of two linear transducers. US imaging is considered safe and, where appropriate, is preferred over imaging modalities that use ionizing radiation. However, the lack of QC/QA implies that US image quality is not routinely monitored. Therefore, the possibility of malfunctions that may go undetected and lead to wrong diagnosis cannot be excluded. A QC/QΑ programme can contribute to the elimination of such errors and ensure that performance is maintained over time.

Error Analysis and Fault Diagnosis of CNC Machine Tools under Artificial Intelligence Technology

With the development of technology and the arrival of the era of artificial intelligence, the relationship between machine and human is becoming closer and closer. This paper mainly studies the error analysis and fault diagnosis of CNC machine tools based on artificial intelligence technology. The detection of machine tool error is mainly completed by laser interferometer. In this paper, a dual frequency laser interferometer is used. In order to ensure the efficiency of the program, the display image is refreshed in 20ms. According to the structure analysis, the error branches of CNC machine tools are determined, and the position feature relationship and motion feature relationship between adjacent bodies in each error branch are analyzed. In this paper, the fault tree analysis method is used to establish the fault tree model of computerized numerical control machine tool, and the fault reasoning method based on fault tree is given. On this basis, the deep neural network model is used to classify and identify the difficult to identify features such as fault degree, so as to achieve the purpose of deep fault diagnosis. The data show that the average recognition rate of BP network before feature reduction is 82%, and the average recognition rate of BP network after feature reduction is 86%. The results show that artificial intelligence technology can improve the accuracy of error analysis of CNC machine tools.

Measurement Challenges for Medical Image Display Devices.

Visual information is a critical component in the evaluation and communication of patient medical information. As display technologies have evolved, the medical community has sought to take advantage of advances in wider color gamuts, greater display portability, and more immersive imagery. These image quality enhancements have shown improvements in the quality of healthcare through greater efficiency, higher diagnostic accuracy, added functionality, enhanced training, and better health records. However, the display technology advances typically introduce greater complexity in the image workflow and display evaluation. This paper highlights some of the optical measurement challenges created by these new display technologies and offers possible pathways to address them.

MODERN HOTEL MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING A QUALITY PRODUCT

The article is devoted to the study of the forms of the hotel product and the main features of the hotel business. Modern economic changes in our country, which consist in the globalization of the economy, the use of new forms of government, increased international competition, have significantly affected the activities of the hotel industry. The crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the further development of the hotel industry. Accordingly, the aim and purpose of this article is to investigate modern forms of hotel product in terms of tangible and intangible services, key features of hotel business, as well as the principles and methods of managing of hotel business. The research is based on the following methods: analysis and generalization to identify the newest principles of management in the field of hotel business, to investigate modern forms of hotel product in terms of tangible and intangible service and features of hotel business, to form conclusions; synthesis, induction to build the conceptual scheme of hotel business management; schematic and graphic images for the visual display of the results of research and analytical data. The analysis of the newest principles of management in the field of hotel business is carried out. Such principles as economic efficiency, scientific substantiation, sustainability, systematization, normative-legal conformity, concreteness is substantiated. Features of hotel business are opened: satisfaction of consumers with the basic and additional services and a possibility of transformation of additional services into the main; costs of production, use of basic and additional services, their comparison with the results of the enterprise; high structure of the internal business system and significant dynamics of processes in it; mandatory development and variability of its criteria. A conceptual scheme of business management, which consists of six methods, has been developed. The main provisions can be adopted by local authorities of the economy, managers of hotel enterprises. The analysis is the basis for the formation of strategies and programs for development of hotel business, improving the competitiveness of hotel business. This analysis makes it possible to understand how principles of management, modern forms of hotel product and features of business determine functioning and future development of hotel business.

Single-celled multifunctional metasurfaces merging structural-color nanoprinting and holography.

Nanostructured metasurfaces applied in structural-color nanoprinting and holography have been extensively investigated in the past several years. Recently, merging them together is becoming an emerging approach to improve the information capacity and functionality of metasurfaces. However, current approaches, e.g., segmenting, interleaving and stacking schemes for function merging, suffer from crosstalk, low information density, design and fabrication difficulties. Herein, we employ a single-celled approach to design and experimentally demonstrate a high-density multifunctional metasurface merging nanoprinting and holography, i.e., each nanostructure in the metasurface can simultaneously manipulate the spectra (enabled with varied dimensions of nanostructures) and geometric phase (enabled with varied orientation angles of nanostructures) of incident light. Hence, with different decoding strategies, a structural-color nanoprinting image emerges right at the metasurface plane under white light illumination, while a holographic image is reconstructed in the Fraunhofer diffraction zone under circularly polarized laser light incidence. And the two images have no crosstalk since they are independently designed and presented at different distances. Our proposal suggests a space-multiplexing scheme to develop advanced metasurfaces and one can find their markets in high-density information storage, optical information encryption, multi-channel image display, etc.