Ilya Muromets Research Articles

Composition of the Russian armonymic field and its dynamics

The article is devoted to the study of the history of the formation of Russian proper names of aviation and armored military equipment. Our research has shown that the main function of Russian armonyms – the proper names of Russian weapons – is the representative identification of types and brands of weapons produced at state-owned enterprises or unique mechanisms. Armonyms as verbal identifiers of complex military-technical mechanisms function in professional or publicistic discourse. The structure of the armonymic field includes verbal index signs marking types and series of weapons that correspond to the term pragmatonyms (T-90M «Breakthrough»), and proper names of unique weapons objects - chrematonyms (Tu–160 «Ilya Muromets»). The nominations of individual combat units can form armonymic complexes, for example, one of the Tu-160 strategic bombers of the White Swan series has an individual name «Nikolai Kuznetsov». In the process of the official naming of Russian high-tech combat units, the conventionally symbolic and commemorative principles of nomination traditionally occupy a central place. The composition of the armonym is dominated by the conditionally symbolic type of names, as a rule, not motivated by the properties of the named object (UAV «Geranium»), although some names retain an associative connection with the objects of the nomination (UAV «Lancet» – a high-precision kamikaze drone); the memorative type of names is characteristic of individual names of military vehicles (Tu-160 «Igor Sikorsky»). Official nominations occupy the main place in the Russian field of armonymy; however, some of the names may have an unofficial status, for example, the nicknames of the T-80BV tank Alyosha – «Ded Moroz», or «Ded». Armonyms are not a tool for the advertising promotion of weapons, they do not have an attractive and pragmatic function, however, the choice of words is far from accidental – in general, it reflects the symbolic value orientations of the nominating team.

On the Mythological Background of the Bylina “Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber”

The bylina “Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber” is one of the most popular Russian epics. Several interpretations of this bylina and of the image of Nightingale the Robber have been proposed: a reflection of the Indo-European storm myth, an Iranian borrowing, the image of a monstrous guard on the border between the two worlds, a reflection of the principal Balto-Slavic myth of Perun and Veles. Each of these points of view is partially grounded but does not exhaust the complicated nature of this narrative. Its mythological background survived three development stages: from the primitive myth based on the zoomorphic image of death to the later dragon-fighting legend and the mixanthropic picture, naturally corresponding to it, which, in its turn, gained its final shape under the influence of the stadially related Iranian epic. The most archaic variant of the plot is represented in a Belarusian fairy tale, in which Ilya Muromets kills Snake the horned Falcon and the tsar Pražor ‘Glutton’, who eats 10 humans (supplying by Falcon) a day. This role of Falcon refers to the mythological notion of a bird that brings the souls of the departed to the god of the underworld. The transition from this original image to the mixanthropic Snake the horned Falcon and Nightingale as well as the echo of the dragon-slaying theme belongs to the later epoch of statehood and the class society. Besides, different versions of this legend consequently correspond to almost all the general plot elements and the basic traits of the demonic characters of the epic of Ferēdūn and Ẓaḥḥāk and of some episodes concerning Karšāsp.Keywords: Slavic folklore, Slavic mythology, bylina, “Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber”, image of a bird, mixanthropic image, Iranian epic, borrowing.

БЫЛИННАЯ ТРАДИЦИЯ РУССКОГО УСТЬЯ

Russian epic tradition of the village Russkoe Ustye, standing on the Indigirka River, is the subject of the study. The relevance of the research lies in the need to describe one of the regional epic traditions of Siberia at the modern stage in connection with the work of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the series “Bylinas” of the Russian Folklore Code. Accordingly, the purpose and objectives of the study are determined by a systematic approach to material, meaningful in connection with the history of inhabiting the region, the history of the recording epics in the region, and the consistent characteristics of each recorded epic plot. The article reviews the history of inhabiting the Russian Estuary: the discovery of the mouth of the Indigirka by the Cossack Ivan Rebrov in 1638, the construction of the town of Zashiversk in the middle reaches of the Indigirka, inhabiting the mouth of the river from Zashiversk and from the sea. The oral family traditions of the Russkoustians are given. The article also describes the history of the recording epics in Russkoe Ustye and from its inhabitants: political exile I. A. Khudyakov (1867–1869); V. M. Zenzinov (1912); graduate of the ethnographic department of Leningrad State University D. D. Travin (1928); Yakut local historian M. A. Krotov (1931–1932); Yakut writer, member of the ethnographic and linguistic expedition of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Yakut branch of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences N. A. Gabyshev (1946); major Moscow bylinologist Yu. I. Smirnov (1982) and famous ethnomusicologist T. S. Shentalinskaya (1985). The main content of the article is the characteristics of local epics (25 texts). There is an almost complete absence of epics about Ilya Muromets (the only text is “Ilya Muromets and the Idolishche”). The popularity of the plot “Dobrynya and the Serpent” (six variants) is indicated, in which the name of Maria Izyaslavna, absent in European Russia, appears (instead of the traditional Zabava Putjatichna), linking (through the patronymic Izyaslavna) the epics of Russkoe Ustye with the onomasticon of Ancient Russia. The epic “Mikhail Danilovich – the minor hero” (six variants) is analyzed, in which the enemy Titus appears, unknown in the Russian North. It is assumed that this name in Russkoe Ustye was borrowed from the “History of the Jewish War” by Josephus Flavij, a monument of late Antique literature (75–79 A.D.), known in Russia in translation and very popular in the manuscript tradition. Probably one of the lists was brought to Russkoe Ustye. Josephus' Titus is the son of Emperor Vespasian, an enemy of Judea. In the “Arrival of the Lithuanians” (three variants), the names of “our” heroes – Tsar Elizar and his sister Maria Elizarovna (names that are absent in the Russian North) – may also be echoe of the “History of the Jewish War”, where several characters with the name Eleazar are called among the Jews. Other epic plots are also considered – “Surovets”, “Duke Stepanovich”, “Sadko”.

Образ Ильи Муромца в сравнительно-историческом и историко-функциональном аспектах

Introduction. Bylina is an ancient Russian epic song about the life and heroic deeds of Russian heroes, as well as about events or remarkable episodes in the national history of the 11th–16th centuries. Cycles of epics about Ilya Muromets are formed on the basis of ancient legends, united by the origin and character of the main character. It is not the name of the hero, but artistic plots inherited from the distant past that form the basis on which the historical epic develops. The purpose of the article is to identify the conditions for the formation and transformation of epic stories about Ilya Muromets. Material and methods. Classic works of Russian literary criticism and folkloristics, individual plots of the Russian epic and the epic of neighboring peoples are analyzed. Comparative-historical and historical-functional research methods were used. Results. The scientific work examines the history of the development of the image of the Russian hero Ilya Muromets as a gradual “democratization” of the hero of the ancient Russian epic. A wide range of works of Russian, Belarusian, Serbian, Adyghe, Georgian, Ossetian folklore is analyzed. The points of view of folklorists of the 19th–20th centuries on the history, existence, methods and means of broadcasting the poetic biography of Ilya Muromets are presented and interpreted.; their scientific methods and approaches. Epic plots are traced, united by the name of Ilya and having not only an “external” but also a deep internal connection, determined by folk ideas about the hero, his entire appearance, growing on the basis of the entire set of artistic plots. The Conclusion is drawn about the “reworking” in Russian epics of the motifs of magical-heroic fairy tales, the heroic epic of the peoples of the North Caucasus, Transcaucasia and other ethnic groups.

End of the Oikumene: A Very Short History of the Russian Far East

There are many parts of the world that do not receive much attention outside of their own resident peoples. This is an anomaly of history and its measurements of value. Why should Niagara Falls or Victoria Falls have more name-recognition than the spectacular waterfall of Ilya Muromets in the Kuril Islands? Why Paris or Capetown instead of Irkutsk? Of course, this is a complex question involving population density, songs, and travel literature! But in terms of big history and universal studies, why should one place be privileged over others? For example, the literary scholar, Gary Lawless, directly addresses this question in his article on bioregionalism and big history for his own geographic home in the Gulf of Maine, while historian Craig Benjamin assesses the significance and survival of an even more focused area – Jericho in the West Bank of Palestine. So too, I wish to offer a contribution to the argument that our entire planet and all of humanity and life are of significance. Here, therefore is a brief but big history of my homeland.

Analysis of prerequisites and conditions for the foundation of an aircraft engine enterprise in Ukraine

World War I proved air forces to be a critical driver for warfare outcomes. Mastery of the latest technology appeared to be crucial to the battle’s success. The combat capabilities of airplanes improved manifold due to the increased power of aircraft engines, thus initiating a new era in aeronautics. By July 1917, the aviation of the Russian Empire included 91 air squadrons and 5 units of heavy multi-engine aircraft known as Ilya Muromets. Several enterprises, including the town of Aleksandrovsk, were manufacturing engines for these planes. The origin of engine production in Aleksandrovsk was associated with the establishment of a branch of Petrograd Joint Stock Company of Electromechanical Structures called Deka. The article aims at analyzing the prerequisites and conditions for the foundation of an aircraft engine enterprise in Ukraine. While drafting the article, the authors relied on chronological, historiographical, and other historical methods of research, which have been widely used both in considering the contribution and influence of certain individuals and reviewing the stages of creation and development of separate enterprises, as well as specific industries. Based on the retrospective analysis, the prerequisites and conditions of the foundation of the aircraft engine enterprise in Aleksandrovsk, Ukraine, were considered. There was a severe gap between the Russian Empire and European countries in the development pace of the aviation industry during World War I. This prompted the Russian Empire to raise foreign capital, as well as attract technologies and specialists to develop aircraft engineering and other industries. By 1917, the plant had gained the status of Russia’s largest engine-building enterprise in terms of building area and one of the best in equipment. It is evident that the beginning of aircraft engine production in Aleksandrovsk relates to the establishment of a branch of Petrograd Joint Stock Company of Electromechanical Structures and the plant’s purchase from the Moznaim brothers.

The Book about Igor Sikorky

Obraztsov, P. A. Igor Sikorsky: four wars and two homelands of the famous aircraft designer. Moscow, Molodaya gvardiya publishing house, 2021, 239 [1] p.: ill. (Series of biographies: The life of remarkable people; issue 1875). ISBN 978-5-235-04435-7.Igor Sikorsky created a family of the world’s best helicopters, which transported marines and doctors during almost all wars of the 20th and 21st centuries, mail and fire extinguishing equipment, oversized cargo, ordinary passengers and even US presidents. In Russia, this Russian-American genius created the world’s first huge multi-engine aircrafts Russky Vityaz [Russian Knight] and Ilya Muromets, and in America, where he was respectfully called Mister Helicopter, extraordinary seaplanes that crossed the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans even before World War II.

Epics about Dobryna Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich in School Study

The article is devoted to a little-studied methodological problem – the study of epics about Dobryna Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich at the lessons of Russian literature in a secondary school. The urgency of this problem lies in the fact that the considered epic stories about Dobryna Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich are still not sufficiently comprehended taking into account the achievements of modern methodological science, the advanced experience of teachers of Russian literature. As you know, epic epics are usually divided into two main cycles: Kiev and Novgorod. For the Kiev cycle of epics, images of three heroes are characteristic - Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich. The named heroes are inseparable in the popular perception. In many epic plots, all three heroes, in difficult battles with the enemies of the Russian land, act together, help each other out. Possessing many similar features, at the same time, each of them is endowed with its own individual and personal qualities, in many respects complement and enrich each other. However, the program on Russian literature for general secondary schools for textual study from the Kiev cycle recommended only epics about Ilya Muromets. As for the epics about Dobryna Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich, they are not provided for by the program for textual study. In this regard, teachers of literature do not consider the study of these epics or limit themselves to a brief retelling of their content. But in the epics about Dobryna Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich, no less vivid and expressive images of heroes are created – the defenders of the Russian land. Acquaintance of schoolchildren with their images, plots and motives will significantly expand the schoolchildren’s ideas about the Kiev cycle of epics, about their differences from Novgorod ones. Based on the foregoing, the author of the article, using the example of studying the epics “Dobryna and the Serpent”, “Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin”, gives the teacher of literature scientifically substantiated, experimentally verified methodological recommendations for their effective study.

VALUE OF ACTIVE COMPASSION IN THE HEROIC EPIC: RUSSIAN EPIC CONCEPT

The article uses the comparative historical method to analyze epic folklore from around the world with regard to the functioning of the concept of active compassion. Proceeding from extensive factual material, the author demonstrates that different national and civilizational traditions imply various interpretations of this concept. While The Epic of Gilgamesh, Homer’s Iliad, and medieval Western European epic songs don’t treat mercy as an axiologically important principle, the folk epics created by the Orthodox peoples maintain its value in accordance with the Christian ideal of sacrificial love. This interpretation is clearly presented in the Byzantine epic poem Digenes Akritas, in Serbian heroic songs, and, especially, in Russian bylinas, where one of the main heroes, Ilya Muromets, is very often motivated precisely by compassion. The author’s observations suggest that the concept of mercy, organically inherent in Russian folk epics, influenced the subsequent literary tradition as well, being reflected, for instance, in the poetics of the Russian psychological novel.

Onomastic Space of Animated Films about Russian Heroes by the Studio of Animation Cinema “Mill”

The article is devoted to the study of the system of proper names in the texts of animated films with a folklore precedent basis. The relevance of the research is due to the need to study media texts that translate folklore imagery in linguocognitive and linguostylistic aspects. The material for the research is character and voice-over texts of animated films about Russian heroes: “Alyosha Popovich i Tugarin Zmey” (2004), “Dobrynya Nikitich i The Zmey Gorynych” (2006), “Ilya Muromets I Solovey Razboynik” (2007). The complex of names of geographical objects, the naming system of anthropo- and zoomorphic characters is considered, the precedent base for the formation of the onomastic space of animated films is determined, and the ways of introducing new components to the proper names system of this content are characterized. Special attention is paid to the description of intertextual links of the polycode content under study with works of epic genres of Russian folklore and with other sources. The scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that the verbal component of the studied animated films is currently insufficiently studied, and their proper names system becomes the subject of linguistic analysis for the first time.

Interesting facts from the history of medicine of Ancient Rus

Ancient Rus is a country known to us all from childhood. When someone mentions it, we immediately see famous fairy-tale characters in front of our eyes: Alyosha Popovich and Ilya Muromets, Solovey-Razboynik (Nightingale the Robber) and Tugarin Zmeevich, and many other epic heroes. And how Baba Yaga seems to be a wisewoman and healer. After all, she not only harmed Ivan Tsarevich, but also soared him in the bathhouse, and gave potions. And the bathhouse, as you know, was the basis of the healing methods of the ancient world, it was widespread in Rus much more than in any other European country, and healers highly appreciated its healing properties. Thus, this we can conclude that traditional medicine is one of the most powerful treatment factors in Rus.

Speech Representation of Female Images in the Polycode Text of “Heroic” Cycle Cartoons of the Art Studio “Melnitsa”

The article is devoted to the study of the verbal component of animated films with a folk precedent basis. The relevance of the research is due to the need to study the conceptosphere of modern media texts conveying folklore imagery. The results of a comparative analysis of female images in animated films about Russian heroes are presented (Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin Zmey (2004), Dobrynya Nikitich and Zmey Gorynych (2006), Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber (2007) in comparison with their folk prototypes. The issues of speech representation of the images of the mother and the bride / wife of a hero, traditional for the epic genre, as well as other female images, the appearance of which is due to the influence of other precedent sources, are considered. The conceptual proximity of the narrative-story line basis and the composition of the characters of the texts under study to the Russian fairy tale is proved. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the stylistic technique of burlesque travesty, it is proved that this technique is the main means of creating a comic effect and performs a text-forming function in the studied polycode content. The scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that the verbal component of the animated films studied was not previously the subject of linguistic analysis.

ONOMASTICON OF RUSSIAN FABRIC IN “BOGATYR” ANIMATED FILMS

The article explores the intertextual relations of Russian epics and animated films about Russian knights the art Studio «Mill»: Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin Zmey (2004), Dobrynia Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych (2006), Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber (2007), revealing the correlation of traditions and innovations in the verbal representation of the images.

“Insignificant” characters: on the one peculiarity of Russian epic concept of heroism

  The subject of this research is the concept of heroism (bogatyrs) as an element of Russian epic mentality. The focus of attention is the peculiarities of epic understanding of bogatyr power that excludes the interpretation by an epic bard of “his” character as a giant. Meanwhile, the popular in science representation of particular characters of the Russian Epos (Svyatogor, Mikula Selyaninovich, Ilya Muromets) as giants is caused by their idealization, convergence of an epic with a tale or myth, as well as readiness to proliferate upon epics such laws of poetics that are considered universal from the perspective of ethnographic theory and strive of the scholars of mythological school to distinguish in epic heroes the characters of the ancient religious systems. Based on the analysis of epic records, the author demonstrates that the bogatyrs are not giant, but rather look as regular people. Special attention is given to the adjustment of a receptive stereotype, associated with perception of the epic image of Svyatogor, caused by a distorted interpretation of this image by illustrators of the epics in the XIX century.  

SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TASKS OF THE OPEN REGIONAL ROBOTICS CHALLENGE "FAIRYTALE TOURNAMENT"

The article presents some solutions to the tasks "Ilya Muromets" and "Goldfish" those were done by the participants of the open regional robotics challenge "Fairytale tournament". The tasks can be used while teaching robotics at school. Schoolchildren may have different levels of training. The design of the robot to solve the tasks done with LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT and LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 is offered. The solutions are done in Lego MINDSTORMS Education EV3 graphical environment.

Development of a new recipe muffins increased nutritional value

In the technology of flour confectionery products non-traditional types of plant raw materials can be used. Introduction of muffins of pumpkin and flour from whole wheat seeds, rich in vitamins and microelements, will enrich muffins with useful substances and increase their nutritional value. The purpose work was to study the technological properties of enrichers, their chemical composition, as well as to study the efficiency of using pumpkin pulp in the recipes of cupcakes and to identify its rational dosage. In this work, conventional methods of investigating the properties of finished products have been used. The object of study were ready-made muffins with different dosages of pumpkin pulp. The rational dosage was established by examining organoleptic (taste, smell, surface, fracture appearance, structure and form) and physicochemical parameters (moisture mass fraction, density, specific volume and alkalinity). The result of this work is the development of a new recipe and production technology for the cake "Ilya Muromets" with the addition of 50% pumpkin pulp to the mass of flour. The addition of the enrichant in the formulation contributed to an increase in the density of the product by 21%, a decrease in the specific volume by 16.7%. Calculation of the nutritional value of the developed product showed that due to the rich chemical and vitamin composition of the pumpkin pulp, the consumption of 100 g of cake will provide a degree of satisfaction of the daily protein requirements by 6.9%, fat 16.2%, carbohydrates – 9.2%, dietary fiber 7.2%. With the help of the received data it is possible to characterize the "Ilya Muromets" cake as a product of increased nutritional value for preventive and functional nutrition that will allow expanding the assortment of products on the bakery market.

An avant-garde reading of the Russian bylina ('The three campaigns of Ilya Muromets' and The Burlesque of Lord Perun, the God of Thunder)

The subject of our paper is the analysis of an intertextual dialogue between the avant-garde novel The Burlesque of Lord Perun, the God of Thunder and the Russian bylina 'The Three Campaigns of Ilya Muromets'. The objective of our paper is firstly to show the way in which the figure of the Russian bogatyr is positioned in the collage of Petrović's text as a cultural, genre and literary form, and secondly, to show which strategies are used to deconstruct that same form in order to gain new meanings in a new, avant-garde context. In Petrović's vision, Slavic folklore is a poetic counterpart of all established principles and therefore suitable for understanding complex historical, artistic and cultural turbulences, which is why we can conclude that the resemantized template of the Russian folklore text also becomes a place of subversion of epic identity, genre conventions, European metaphysical laws and antiquated canons of all kinds. In the new context, the Russian heroic epic poem is indicated as a stimulus for upgrading the conception of active nihilism, which implies abolishment of absolute values and truths as well as authoritarian instances of totality in the novel.

Теорія «основного міфу», як структурний метод у вивченні давньоруського язичництва та слов’янської міфології

The method of structural analysis of the Soviet Union was first used philologists, linguists V.V. Ivanov and V.N. Toporov for the study of ancient Russian mythology. It was developed by them in 60-70 years. Then it was tested in the study of Slavic mythology and the ancient Russian paganism. The name of this scientific approach it is the Theory of «basic myth. It has become something of a free zone from Marxist methodology. It was dominated in France. French structural anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss created this method. In Russian historiography there was the influence of the old «mythological» school (A.N Afanas’ev etc.). Thus, the authors of this theory draw huge source material – folklore (fairy tales, myths, legends, proverbs, signs), epic, Vedic hymns etc. «Basic myth» proposed by scientists, was the reconstruction that based on mythological reconstructions. The basis of the reconstruction was the story about struggle between snake and Peru. With this opposition correlate all others: light-dark, top-bottom and others. This «basic myth» has been designed by researchers based on a comparison of the Vedic myth of the fight of Indra with Vritroyu, Baltic mythology and stories about Perkunas and Velnyase. Authors identified the snake-demon Vrytra with Valo and then with Veles (Volos). It was antagonist of Thunder (Perun). The authors of this theory considered that «basic myth» was the basis for the mythology of Indo-European population. The «basic myth» was reflected in East tales of struggle heroes of the dragon – the authors conducted a parallel between Ilya Muromets, Ilya the Prophet and between Perun and Veles and Gorynych-Snake. The author of the article presents the situation historiographical discourse emerged against the background of the existence of the theory of «basic myth», presented by followers’ motivations of and its opponents. The main feature of representatives of structural school is the concentration their attention to the level of philosophical generalizations. However, modern historiography has the tendency to deep and serious research the paganism in perspective. The paganism and the Slavic mythology may be considered as an integrated and ideological system. The author evaluated the impact of the theory of «basic myth» based on a structural method to modern historiography of ancient paganism and Slavic mythology. The author highlighted trends of contemporary historiography of studying this subject.

STUDENTS DREAMS AS A CONSTITUENT OF THE DESIGN OF THE FUTURE

The article analyzes the results of sociological poll of students of the Samara University. The purpose of the survey was to study dreams of students, to identify the individual dreams, the collective image dreams of students. The article analyzes the results of sociological poll of students of the Samara National Research University. The purpose of the survey was to study dreams of students, to identify the individual dreams, the collective image dreams of students. The topic is relevant, because what is currently the dream students, many of them will be to make a reality after graduation. The results showed that most students dream to pursue their passions, to create a good family and to have the opportunity to travel the world. The value of wealth for Russian students is much lower than for American students. Prepared independently, without help realize their dreams, about 60% of the students, but are taking concrete steps in this direction (have the necessary will power, daily engaged in self-education and self-improvement) not more than 30% of the respondents/ The lifestyle that I dream to lead the students focused not on production, creativity, and consumption and entertainment. No student indicated that he wants to invent, to develop, to create a new product. To identify the prospects for the future of the country plays an important role image of Russia in the eyes of young people. For most respondents this controversial character: the indestructible warrior-defender, which, like Ilya Muromets, is dormant for the time and wakes up to defeat the aggressor and evil, creative, but not able to use the fruits of his work.

<b>Azebaycan’ın İlk Savaş Pilotu Ferruh Ağa Gayıbov<br><br><i>The First Combat Pilot of Azerbaijan- Farrukh Gayıbov-</i>

Ferruh Ağa Gayıbov Azerbaycanlı ilk şavaş pilotudur. İlya Muromets no–16 adlı bombardıman uçağının personelidir. I.Dünya Savaşına katılmıştır. Çar ordusunda Topçuların Tanrısı diye kabul edilen Aliağa Şıhlinski’nin de akrabasıdır. Ferruh Ağa 2 Ekim 1891’de, Kazak ilinin Sınır Salahlı köyünde doğmuştur. Tiflis Askeri Okulunda okur. Üsteğmen rütbesinde iken 12 Eylül 1916’da Batı cephesi karargâhının emri ile Borına’ya saldırır, Almanların mevzilerini ve mevkilerini bombalar. Onun uçağına doğru 4 alman savaş uçağı saldırıya geçer. Gayıbov onların üçünü imha eder ancak uçağının aldığı darebeden dolayı yere çırparak hayatını kaybeder. ŞÉ™mistan NÉ™zirli’den yaptığmız AzÉ™rbaycanın İlk HÉ™rbi TÉ™yyarÉ™çisi Ferruh Ağa Gayıbov adlı bu çeviri eser Ferruh Ağa Gayıbov’u tarihin derin sayfalarından çıkarmıştır. Abstract Ferruh Gayıbov was the first Azerbaijani combat pilot. He was the bombardier in Ilya Muromets no–16 bomber aircraft. He joined World War I. He was a relative Aliaga Şıhlinski whose name called "the God of Artillery," in the Tsarist army. Ferruh Agha was born in 2 October 1891, in the village of Salahlı Kazakh. He studied at Tbilisi Military School. When he was a first lieutenant, he attacked to the Boriana with the order of West Front Headquarter and bombed German positions and locations in September 12, 1916. Four German bomber aircraft attacked his plane. Gayıbov destroyed three of them but his plane got shot and he lost his life. Our translation of AzÉ™rbaycanın İlk HÉ™rbi TÉ™yyarÉ™çisi Ferruh Ağa Gayıbov by Şemistan Nezirli, has revealed Ferruh Agha Gayıbov from the depths of history.