Illinois State University Research Articles

Risk Tolerance and Cheap Talk in the College Classroom

Core Ideas Demographics influence students’ risk tolerance. Understanding risk tolerance helps faculty encourage students to take chances in their learning. Casual phrases may matter in effective classroom communication. The objectives of this study were to identify characteristics that affect students’ reported levels of risk tolerance and to measure the effect of “cheap talk” (simple, non-binding, nonverifiable messages) on classroom communication. In fall of 2017 and spring of 2018, questionnaires (n = 129) were administered in a farm management class at Illinois State University, addressing students’ perceptions of their individual risk tolerance. On a scale ranging from 1 (don't like to take risks) to 7 (fully prepared to take risks), males reported higher risk tolerance than females (p < 0.01). Risk tolerance also increased numerically in farm vs. nonfarm students (4.75 vs. 4.47). Approximately half of the students randomly received questionnaires that included cheap talk statements, which informed them that people tend to say they are willing to take more risk than what they actually take in real-life situations. Risk tolerance decreased numerically in those receiving cheap talk statements (4.44 vs. 4.80), indicating that those simple messages may affect students’ perception. Instructors may bring cheap talk into the classroom with offhand remarks, and these results suggest that casual phrases matter in effective classroom communication. By identifying characteristics that affect students’ tolerance for risk, the results of this study may inform efforts to encourage students as they navigate the challenging and unfamiliar college environment and take risks in their learning.

Professional Connections

Professional Connections Kate Quealy-Gainer, Assistant Editor ________ Joosen, Vanessa Adulthood in Children’s Literature. Bloomsbury, 2018 243p (Perspectives on Children’s Literature) ISBN 978-1-350-04978-9 $114.00 Joosen, associate professor in English Literature at the University of Antwerp, Belgium, examines the narrative construction of adulthood in children’s literature, looking at how adulthood and age are addressed within children’s books and how those concepts are illustrated by the adult figures. Bibliography and index are included. ________ Trites, Roberta Seelinger Twenty-First-Century Feminisms in Children’s and Adolescent Literature. University Press of Mississippi, 2018 215p ISBN 978-1-4968-1380-0 $65.00 Trites, professor of English at Illinois State University, offers this companion volume to her 1997 Waking Sleeping Beauty: Feminist Voices in Children’s Novels. Here she explores similar themes of gender, identity, age, and sexuality, through the lenses of material feminism, intersectionality, ecofeminism, and disability studies. Works cited and an index are included. [End Page 277] Copyright © 2019 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Decoding Early Modern Cryptography

Decoding Early Modern Cryptography William H. Sherman (bio) Katherine Ellison A Cultural History of Early Modern English Cryptography Manuals new york: routledge, 2017 xiii + 218 pages; isbn: 9781472457646 Katherine Ellison and Susan Kim, editors A Material History of Medieval and Early Modern Ciphers: Cryptography and the History of Literacy new york: routledge, 2018 xii + 285 pages; isbn: 9781138244641 stories about code-breaking are now more popular than ever, but readable and reliable histories of cryptography have always been hard to find. David Kahn's magisterial survey, The Codebreakers (first published in 1967), remains the only attempt to offer a comprehensive account stretching from the ancient world to the advent of the internet.1 Most recent books (as well as popular novels and films) have focused on the work of Alan Turing and other modern mathematicians involved in solving the Enigma code used by the German military and on the development (by Turing and his successors) of computational tools for encryption and decryption.2 For scholars interested specifically in the use of codes and ciphers in the early [End Page 315] modern world, the best available overview is buried in an obscure Dutch handbook on The History of Information Security.3 It may be appropriate that we should remain largely in the dark about the shadowy world of secret communication: the very term cryptography, after all, means "hidden writing." But the lack of literature has made the field seem more obscure than it is and has associated it—more firmly than it deserves to be—with military history and the history of mathematics. Not the least of the achievements in the two books reviewed here are their timely reminder that codes and ciphers played a pervasive role in medieval and Renaissance Europe and their strong suggestion that the topic ought to be of interest to a much wider range of scholars. The titles of the books refer to cultural history and the history of literacy, but their publisher, Routledge, has put them under the subject heading of "Literature," and both Katherine Ellison and Susan Kim teach in the Department of English at Illinois State University. Together, they and the other authors they have assembled make a compelling case for seeing cryptography—like the study of language and literature—as part of the history of communication. Whereas Kim is an expert on Old English and Ellison on the eighteenth century, it is fitting that they should meet in the middle in these volumes. Thanks to the invention of printing, the rapid expansion of global diplomacy, and a series of hot and cold wars, the early modern period witnessed what might be described as a cryptographic renaissance. In all of these areas there were genuine inventions during the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries, but there were also continuities with the Middle Ages—as the first four essays in Material History explore. It is also appropriate that these volumes should issue from the state of Illinois: as Ellison and Kim explain in the introduction and afterword, there was a veritable renaissance of cryptography in and around Chicago during the first few decades of the twentieth century. The city of Geneva was home to Riverbank Laboratories, founded and funded by textile magnate George Fabyan. Though much of its work was devoted to the then-fashionable argument that Francis Bacon had written the texts attributed to Shakespeare, Fabyan spared no expense in acquiring at least one copy of virtually every key text in the field,4 and his "Department of Ciphers" would come to include the man who would serve as the U.S. government's chief code-breaker from the 1920s to the 1950s.5 Riverbank's intellectual and bibliographical firepower [End Page 316] was such that it served as the freelance cipher bureau for the U.S. government during World War I, earning it the title "Cradle of Cryptology."6 And the University of Chicago was home to the great medievalist John Matthews Manly, who not only became the leading authority on the texts of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales but also was widely considered to be the country's greatest civilian expert on codes and ciphers.7 In inviting us to look at the...

Assessing Instructional Confidence of Secondary Health Educators in Illinois: Implications for Curricular and Policy Development

To assess the relationship between the training/preparation of physical education teachers and their perceivedinstructional confidence levels across major topic areas established by the Illinois State Board of Education ascritical content areas. In total, 283 individuals participated and were included in the data analysis. The participantssurveyed were currently enrolled or recently graduated from physical education or kinesiology departments at (1.)the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, (2.) Illinois State University, and (3.) Eastern Illinois University.Data were collected via in-person and email surveys using the HECS 18 item survey instrument. Analysisdemonstrated a statistically significant difference exists between the perceived instructional confidence of currentstudents and recent graduates regarding major health topic areas. Further work with this population is required todetermine if the results seen in the state of Illinois are consistent. The next proposed sample area will be the state ofColorado and its three main Universities (University of Colorado, Colorado State University, Metropolitan StateUniversity of Denver) and their health and physical educators (HPE).

Referred Students’ Motivators And Barriers To Participate In An EIMOC Program

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe referred students’ motives and barriers to participating in an Exercise is Medicine on Campus (EIMOC) training program at Illinois State University. METHODS: Referrals are initiated by Student Health or Counseling Services, and referred students complete an intake session with the School of Kinesiology and Recreation’s (KNR) Exercise is Medicine on Campus staff. Student Health and Student Counseling services indicated a need for physical activity (PA) programming for students with certain conditions (e.g. social anxiety, body image concerns, obesity, depression, anxiety, and eating disorders) that would benefit from increased physical activity performed in a private setting. Students are referred to the School of KNR EIMOC program, which is informed and implemented by graduate students and Exercise Science faculty with expertise in the areas of exercise physiology, biomechanics, and exercise psychology. Specific diagnoses are not currently provided by Student Health or Counseling services to EIMOC staff. RESULTS: Since the initiation of the referral system in 2016, 40 students (Women = 30, Men = 10) have been referred to the EIMOC program - 30 from Health Services and 10 from Counseling Services. Approximately half of these were already performing some activity, but were either not meeting recommended levels of PA or needed assistance with their exercise program. At the time of submission, ten of the 40 students had completed full intake questionnaires and consent forms. Descriptive statistics were calculated on data from these ten subjects to identify reasons for pursuing participation in the EIMOC program and clients’ current motivations for and barriers to PA. All subjects cited “improving energy levels” as an important motivator for PA. The top three reported barriers for PA were Lack of Willpower (M+SD = 6.1+2.9), Lack of Energy (M+SD = 4.4+2.4) and Social Influence (M+SD = 4.0+1.8). Privacy of the exercise sessions (90%), expertise of the staff (90%), and physician referral (70%) were selected as strong motivators for pursuing the EIMOC program. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that students referred to Illinois State University’s EIMOC program pursue it due to an interest in increasing PA levels in a private, supervised setting.

Comparison of Peroxidase‐Anti‐Peroxidase and Avidin‐Biotin‐Peroxidase Complex (ABC) Immunohistochemical Staining Procedures for Tryptophan Hydroxylase in Rat Brain

The neurotransmitter serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) plays a key role in sleep, feeding behavior, motor activity and, importantly, mood and the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Immunohistochemistry for tryptophan hydroxylase (TpOH), the synthetic enzyme for 5‐HT, can be used to identify 5‐HT neurons in the central nervous system. As part of a project examining 5‐HT in brain function in the rat, we compared 2 indirect methods of visualizing primary antibodies against TpOH, a peroxidase‐anti‐peroxidase (PAP) method and the more sensitive avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase (ABC) procedure.A cryostat microtome was used to cut 40 micron sections from brains from rats transcardially perfused with 0.9% saline and 4% p‐formaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB). Brains were post‐fixed 24 h in p‐formaldehyde and cryoprotected in 20% sucrose in 0.1 M PB. Sections were washed in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) before and between all steps. Tissues were treated with 0.4% H2O2 in methanol for 20 min to quench endogenous peroxidase activity and 1% sodium borohydride in 0.1 M PB for 30 min to enhance permeability of the tissue and improve staining quality. Sections were then treated with 1% normal donkey (PAP method) or horse (ABC method) serum in PBS with 0.2% Triton X‐100 detergent for 1 h and then 0.8% bovine serum albumin in PBS for 40 min. Tissues were incubated for 48 h in mouse monoclonal anti‐TpOH antibody (Sigma, 1:1000) in PBS with 0.3% Triton X‐100 and serum. Some sections were incubated without the primary antibody (omit negative controls). For the PAP protocol, tissues were treated with donkey anti‐mouse antibody (Jackson; 1:100) and then mouse PAP (Jackson; 1:400), both in PBS with 0.3% Triton X‐100 for 1 h. For the ABC protocol, tissues were treated with biotinylated horse anti‐mouse antibody and then avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex (Vector Elite kit), both in PBS with 0.3% Triton X‐100 and serum for 1 h. All sections were reacted with 0.0005% diaminobenzidine with 0.0001% H2O2 for 45 – 120 sec and mounted on gelatin‐coated slides that were coverslipped with DPX. Stained and negative control sections from both methods were examined using standard light microscopy.Staining using the PAP method was faint, homogenous and only slightly darker than negative controls. Individual neurons could not be identified. Increasing concentrations (1:500, 1:250, 1:100) of anti‐TpOH antibody had no effect on specific labeling but slightly increased background staining. This was surprising because the exact same reagents and PAP procedure has produced outstanding staining of tyrosine hydroxylase in brainstem catecholamine neurons (e.g., Muma et al., Exp. Neurology, 168:135–143, 2001). In contrast, labeling of TpOH using the ABC method was excellent. TpOH immunoreactivity was highly visible in the somata and primary dendrites of neurons in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. These results add to and amplify the enhanced staining quality of the ABC procedure over the PAP method in formaldehyde‐fixed rat brain sections.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the School of Biological Sciences and the Department of Psychology, Illinois State University.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

A model for cross-institutional collaboration: how the intercollegiate biomathematics alliance is pioneering a new paradigm in response to diminishing resources in academia

AbstractWe present an emerging model of shared academic, intellectual and infrastructure resources that addresses the need for institutions to sustain their educational and scholarship missions under ever-declining funding. The (IBA) was created in 2014 by Illinois State University for this purpose, eventually growing to a state-recognized ‘Center for Collaborative Studies’ in 2017. As the impact of the IBA continues to expand, it is on its way to become a new education paradigm in response to diminishing resources, and it can serve as a model to foster collaboration for other fields of mathematics.

Fiction: 1900 to the 1930s

Research Article| September 01 2018 Fiction: 1900 to the 1930s Sally E. Parry Sally E. Parry Illinois State University Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google American Literary Scholarship (2018) 2016 (1): 227–248. https://doi.org/10.1215/00659142-4344247 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Sally E. Parry; Fiction: 1900 to the 1930s. American Literary Scholarship 1 September 2018; 2016 (1): 227–248. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00659142-4344247 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsAmerican Literary Scholarship Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. © 2018 Duke University Press2018 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Assessing Student Demographics in a Non-Land-Grant University Department of Agriculture

Core Ideas Agriculture student demographics are shifting away from the farm. Understanding students’ backgrounds is key to providing a quality student experience. Quantifying students’ prior farm experience informs relevant curriculum development. Illinois State University (ISU) Department of Agriculture has experienced 150% growth in undergraduate enrollment since 2007, with a 47% increase between 2012 and 2015. This study seeks to identify characteristics of this student population, and factors influencing enrollment in the ISU agriculture program. Students enrolled in an introductory agriculture course taken primarily by freshmen and transfer students (n = 570) were surveyed over four semesters to determine students’ backgrounds, prior agricultural experiences, demographics, and reasons for enrolling in the ISU agriculture program. Agribusiness accounted for the largest group of respondents (46.6%), with 54.8% of agribusiness majors reporting farm backgrounds. The majority of respondents (64.5%) did not grow up on farms. Prior FFA membership was reported by 34.3%, although 52.3% attended high schools offering agriculture curriculum. Transfer students comprised 51.3% of total respondents; FFA members were more likely to attend a community college as they were to enroll at ISU as freshmen (67 vs. 33%). Students from farm backgrounds were more likely to have held FFA membership and to have transferred from a community college than non-farm students. Enrollment factors most frequently reported included: influence of family/friends with connections to the program, availability of desired academic sequence, and the program's academic reputation. This study highlights characteristics of a rapidly growing student population.

A cost analysis approach to valuing cover crop environmental and nitrogen cycling benefits: A central Illinois on farm case study

The use of cover crops (CC) in row crop agricultural systems has been shown to provide numerous environmental benefits along with increasing overall soil health. The environmental benefits of CC are well known and demonstrated in the literature. However, before voluntary widespread CC adoption can occur, methods for potential CC cost recovery must be explored. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to quantify the environmental and nitrogen (N) cycling benefits observed from CC and to determine the potential of those benefits to offset the costs of CC implementation. This experiment used data collected between CC planting in 2014 and cash crop harvest in 2016 from an associated study conducted at the Illinois State University Nitrogen Management Research Field Station, in Lexington, IL. In this case study, CC were integrated into two cropping systems common to Central IL, split application of N with the dominant portion of N applied in the spring (20%fall, 80% spring) with and without CC, and a split N application with the dominant portion of N applied in the fall (70% fall, 30%spring) with and without CC. The chosen CC for the study was a 92% cereal rye (Secale cereal L.) and 8% daikon radish (Raphanus sativus L.) blend, and data were collected for both strip-till corn (Zea mays L.) and no-till soybeans (Glycine max L.). Different from existing attempts to model the economic value of CC, this model includes input variables that quantify the reduction of N loss through tile drainage, the return of N from CC residue following termination and reductions in soil erosion. We determined that valuing the impact of CC on subsurface drainage N loading, soil erosion, and CC residue N mineralization has the potential to recover an average of 61% of the costs associated with CC implementation. More specifically, the average composition of recovered costs was 34% from reductions in N loading to subsurface drainage, 57% from the tile-adjusted mineralization of N from the CC biomass, and 9% from the estimated reduction in erosion. The results of this study have the potential to provide a more comprehensive assessment of CC value that could help producers make informed N and CC management decisions.

Meet the First Authors.

HomeCirculation ResearchVol. 121, No. 8Meet the First Authors Free AccessIn BriefPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessIn BriefPDF/EPUBMeet the First Authors Originally published29 Sep 2017https://doi.org/10.1161/RES.0000000000000176Circulation Research. 2017;121:894–895Genome Editing Therapy for DMD Cardiomyopathy (p 923)Download figureDownload PowerPointDr Mona El Refaey earned her BS from Cairo University in Egypt and then she moved to the United States to pursue advanced training in research. She received her PhD in Molecular and Regenerative Medicine from Georgia Regents University (under the mentorship of Dr Carlos M. Isales), where she studied mesenchymal stem cells and the effect of aging on their major signaling pathways and environment. Then, she moved to The Ohio State University for postdoctoral training (in the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute under the leadership of Dr Peter J. Mohler). Currently, she is focusing on recent technologies like gene editing, their use in therapeutics and molecular mechanisms underlying heart diseases. Outside work, she likes reading and traveling. Her dream is to translate science to the bedside.Resident MerTK Cleavage in Heart (p 930)Download figureDownload PowerPointDr Matthew DeBerge is currently a postdoctoral fellow in Edward Thorp’s laboratory in the Department of Pathology in the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University. He completed his undergraduate studies at Illinois State University and obtained his PhD from the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College. Matt’s current research focuses on the role of efferocytosis by cardiac macrophages in tissue repair and inflammation resolution after cardiac injury. He hopes this will lead to an independent research career investigating the evolutionary significance of inflammatory responses and their relationship to homeostasis and disease. Outside of the lab, Matt enjoys spending time with his wife and son, working out, and watching the defending World Champion Chicago Cubs.Mast Cells Granule Contents Exacerbate DVT in Mice (p 941)Download figureDownload PowerPointDr Tatyana Ponomaryov earned her MSc in Organic Chemistry, and then completed her PhD in hematopoietic stem cells at the Weizmann Institute of Science with Dr Tsvee Lapidot. She is fascinated by niche signals that guide stem cells’ fate. During her postdoctoral training at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston with Prof Rosalind Segal, she investigated how stem cells originating in brain tumors would respond to targeted therapy. Upon moving across the pond to the University of Birmingham, she returned to studying vascular stem cells, this time investigating their role in venous thrombosis. Her motto is, “go out of your comfort zone and bring a fresh vision,” something she finds easy to do spending time with her family and three kids, changing countries and learning new things.TLR2 Promotes Thrombosis in Hyperlipidemia (p 951)Download figureDownload PowerPointDr Sudipta Biswas earned her BS and MS in Biology from the University of Kalyani, India, and her PhD from Jawaharlal Nehru University, India. Currently she is working as a Research Associate in Dr Podrez’s laboratory in the Department of Molecular Cardiology at Cleveland Clinic. Sudipta’s current research focuses on the role of platelet innate immune signaling cascade in the prothrombotic phenotype associated with hyperlipidemia. Sudipta has been awarded a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the American Heart Association for her research. In the future, she wants to investigate the specific role of platelets in immunity. Besides science, she loves hiking, outdoor activities, photography, gardening, and experimental cooking.miRNAs as Biomarkers After Stroke (p 970)Download figureDownload PowerPointDr Steffen Tiedt earned his MD from Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich under the supervision of Dr Madgalena Götz investigating the stem cell capacity of reactive astrocytes. Intent on becoming a clinician-scientist, he is now a PhD candidate in the Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences at the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research under the supervision of Dr Martin Dichgans and a resident in neurology. His research focuses on using blood-based biomarkers in ischemic stroke patients to guide clinical decision-making in the future. Outside the lab, he loves to escape city life by running trails in the mountains, just thinking about the next step. Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails September 29, 2017Vol 121, Issue 8 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics © 2017 American Heart Association, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1161/RES.0000000000000176PMID: 28963181 Originally publishedSeptember 29, 2017 PDF download Advertisement

Development of a Shortened Version of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (SHQ-S) for Screening Spatial-Hearing Ability.

The Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (SHQ) was developed to address how to measure spatial-hearing ability in complex listening situations (Tyler, Perreau, & Ji, 2009). It has been translated and validated into various languages, including Chinese, Dutch, French, and Persian. Although the SHQ contains only 24 items, it could be time-consuming in a busy clinic to administer. The purposes of this study were to develop and validate a shortened version of the SHQ (SHQ-S) and to compare self-perceived spatial-hearing ability across adults with normal hearing (NH), hearing loss (HL), and cochlear implants (CIs). This was a retrospective study. The full version of the SHQ was administered to measure self-perceived spatial-hearing ability for 51 adults with NH at Augustana College, 47 adults with essentially mild to moderately severe sensorineural HL at Illinois State University, and 72 adult CI users at the University of Iowa. Exploratory factor analysis was performed for the full version for the data collected from adults with NH and HL. Appropriate items were chosen to develop the SHQ-S from the results of the exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was then applied to test the factor structure of the SHQ-S for all participants. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the self-perceived spatial-hearing performance scores between the 3 groups. The exploratory factor analysis revealed scores loaded on 2 factors. Six items from the full version were chosen accordingly. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that that a shortened version of 6 items is sufficient to measure spatial-hearing ability. The internal consistency reliability of the SHQ-S was high. The main effect of the one-way analysis of variance was significant for the groups, F(2, 167) = 36.0, p < .0001. The comparisons with the Tukey adjustment indicated that the NH group reported significantly better spatial-hearing ability than either the HL or the CI group (both adjusted p values < .05). There was no significant difference between the participants with HL and CI users. The psychometric characteristics of the 6-item SHQ-S were similar to those of the full version of the SHQ. We conclude that the SHQ-S is a reliable and valid tool for measuring spatial-hearing ability and screening for spatial-hearing difficulties. Participants with NH reported better spatial-hearing ability than those with HL or with CIs, whereas the CI users and participants with HL perceived similar spatial-hearing ability in the present study.

Jim Crow Comes to Central Illinois: Racial Segregation in Twentieth-Century Bloomington-Normal

Research Article| July 01 2017 Jim Crow Comes to Central Illinois: Racial Segregation in Twentieth-Century Bloomington-Normal Mark Wyman; Mark Wyman Mark Wyman retired from the Illinois State University History Department in 2004, ending a thirty-three year teaching career where he specialized in American immigration and labor history with emphasis on the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 1971, and before that he was in newspaper work—on small newspapers in Wisconsin and Montana before covering labor news for the Minneapolis Tribune. His six books mainly focus on immigrant and ethnic groups within the United States. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google John W. Muirhead John W. Muirhead John W. Muirhead holds a B.A. in history from Illinois Wesleyan University and an M.A. in history from the University of Chicago. In 1962 he joined the Peace Corps and worked as a volunteer in Sri Lanka for nearly three years. He taught in Illinois public schools for more than thirty years, the last twenty of which were spent as an elementary teacher in the Bloomington, Illinois school system. Presently retired, he has researched and written about the history of African Americans In McLean County intermittently for three decades. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998-) (2017) 110 (2): 154–182. https://doi.org/10.5406/jillistathistsoc.110.2.0154 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Mark Wyman, John W. Muirhead; Jim Crow Comes to Central Illinois: Racial Segregation in Twentieth-Century Bloomington-Normal. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998-) 1 January 2017; 110 (2): 154–182. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jillistathistsoc.110.2.0154 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998-) Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2017 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2017 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: ARTICLES You do not currently have access to this content.

Late archaic hunter-gatherer lithic technology and function (chipped stone, ground stone, and fire-cracked rock)

This doctoral research highlights the complicated trajectories of hunter-gatherers by offering a case study from an understudied but rich hunter-gatherer landscape, the Late Archaic period (c. 5,000-2,000 BP) on Grand Island in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, United States. Although there is a paucity of Late Archaic period archaeological data from the mainland of the Upper Peninsula, recent excavations by the Grand Island Archaeological Program (GIAP), directed by James M. Skibo (Illinois State University) and co-directed by Eric C. Drake (Hiawatha National Forest), have yielded a sizable body of evidence of Late Archaic occupations on Grand Island. I have been a staff member and collaborator with GIAP since 2007, conducting research, laboratory work, and co-directing excavations. My analysis of 39,186 lithics from five sites on the island more than doubles the current number of c. 32,000 lithics analyzed in the entire southern shore of Lake Superior in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula from dated Late Archaic sites. Similarly, the 495 faunal remains identified and analyzed by Terrance Martin and Elizabeth Scott for this dissertation also more than doubles the total 296 pieces of animal bones analyzed from dated Late Archaic sites of the Upper Peninsula. In addition, in contrast to those sites, where no complete and finished projectile points have been recovered in context, GIAP have identified a total of five projectile points. These points may contribute to data on diagnostic artifact types in the Upper Peninsula, which is currently almost non-existent, and to our general understanding of exchange practices and social interactions.

Do Parents with the Authoritative Feeding Style have Better Food Parenting Practices?

The authoritative feeding style has been proposed to be the most desirable feeding style; however, few studies investigate how these parents may differ in their feeding behaviors compared to parents with other feeding styles. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between parental feeding styles and food parenting practices. Parents of children aged 3 to 7 years of age (n=148) completed surveys to measure feeding style (Child Feeding Questionnaire) and food parenting practices (Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire). Linear regressions were used to test the study aim with the authoritative feeding style serving as the reference and parent race, ethnicity, and income as covariates. It was found that parents with the authoritarian (B = −.23, p = .05; B = .42, p = .05) and uninvolved feeding style (B = −.27, p = .05; B = −.51, p = .05) encouraged balance and variety and provided healthy foods in the home significantly less than parents with authoritative feeding style. Additionally, authoritarian feeding style (B = .74, p = .02) used food as a reward significantly more than parents with the authoritative feeding style. These results indicate that while parents with the authoritative feeding style reported better food parenting practices compared to parents with authoritarian or involved feeding styles, there were no differences in other important feeding behaviors, such as modeling, restriction, or pressure. Therefore, all parents, regardless of feeding style, may benefit from interventions aimed at improving feeding behaviors.Support or Funding InformationThis project was funded by Illinois State University's College of Applied Science and Technology University Research Grant.

Do Child Eating Behaviors Moderate Relationships Between Food Parenting Practices and Child Food Preferences?

A majority of existing cross‐sectional studies examine the relationship between food parenting practices and child weight status, but this has been proposed not to be indicative of obesity risk, and therefore, food preferences may provide a better prediction of what a child may consume, and thus, obesity risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between food parenting practices and child fruit, vegetable, and high fat/sugar food preferences and how child eating behavior moderate those relationships. Parents (n=148) of children (3–7 years old) completed the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ), the Preschool Adapted Food Liking Scale (PALS), and the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Linear regressions were used to test the study purpose with race, ethnicity, and income as covariates. Child control of eating was negatively associated with a child's preference for fruit (B= −8.16, p=.02) and child involvement was positively related to child preference for vegetables (β = .18, p = .04). Child preference for high fat/sugar foods was positively associated with parental use of food to regulate child emotions (B=10.53, p&lt;.01), food as a reward (B=7.21, p &lt; .001), pressure (B=5.07, p = .04), and restriction of unhealthy food (B=5.82, p = .01), and negatively associated with healthy home environment (B=−5.79, p = .05), modeling (B= −7.67, p = .01), and teaching about nutrition (B = −7.51, p = .01). Interaction models revealed that child food responsiveness moderated the relationships between parental pressure (B=7.32, p=.01) and food as reward (B=5.24, p=.02) and child preference for high fat/sugar foods. Specifically, high child food responsiveness exacerbated the relationship between pressure to eat and food as a reward and child preference for high/fat sugar foods. This study provides evidence that the effect of food parenting practices may be dependent upon child eating behaviors.Support or Funding InformationThis project was funding by Illinois State University College of Applied Science and Technology University Research Grant.

Undergraduate Computational Physics Education: Uneven History and Promising Future

While some physics educators have included computing in courses or have developed specialized courses for over 50 years, computational physics education has only slowly made inroads into the broader physics education community. Even now, when computation is arguably more important than ever in physics research and applications, it's rare that a physics department offers more than a single course in the topic to its undergraduate students. There have been several times over the years when interest in a more global approach to computational physics education has surged, only to subside without attaining the goal that computing finally take an essential role in the education of undergraduate physicists. The author reviews some of the history of computational physics education, briefly discusses his experience with the program at Illinois State University, and suggests some direction for the future.

Implementation of a large-scale solar photovoltaic system at a higher education institution in Illinois, USA

Solar energy has several environmental, economic, and educational benefits for college campuses, but it is difficult for state schools to find funding for these projects. This study shows that a solar photovoltaic (PV) system on Illinois State University’s (ISU) campus is technically and financially feasible. While there have been several solar feasibility studies of higher education institutions in USA, there has been a lack of in depth financial analysis. We conducted solar site assessments on five potential locations on campus, used a solar energy performance model to analyze the technical feasibility of each location, and performed a financial assessment using a professional PV financial modeling tool to compare different financing options. Our results show that three sites on campus can be used to develop a combined solar PV system of one megawatt. Both direct and third-party ownership models are financially feasible for this combined system. Our findings can be replicable as a case study for future solar PV system development on college campuses.

The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918–1919: Perspectives From the Iberian Peninsula and the Americas

Situating Iberian Peninsula as key point of connection between Europe and Americas, both epidemiologically and discursively, The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 sheds new light on what World Health Organization described as the single most devastating infectious disease outbreak ever recorded. The essays in this volume elucidate specific aspects of pandemic that have received minimal attention until now, including social control, gender, class, religion, national identity, and military medicine's reactions to pandemic and relationship with civilian medicine. While World War I, as authors point out, is context for these discussions, experiences of 1918-19 remain persistently relevant to contemporary life, particularly in view of events such as 2009 H1N1 swine flu pandemic and Ebola outbreak of 2014. Contributors: Catherine Belling, Josep Bernabeu-Mestre, Liane Maria Bertucci, Ryan A. Davis, Esteban Domingo, Magda Fahrni, Hernan Feldman, Pilar Leon-Sanz, Maria Luisa Lima, Maria de Fatima Nunes, Mercedes Pascual Artiaga, Maria-Isabel Porras-Gallo, Anny Jackeline Torres Silveira, Jose Manuel Sobral, Paulo Silveira e Sousa, Christiane Maria Cruz de Souza. Maria-Isabel Porras-Gallo is professor of history of science in Medical Faculty of Ciudad Real at University of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Ryan A. Davis is assistant professor in Department of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures at Illinois State University.

Charles B. Harris, 1940–2017

Charles B. Harris, 1940–2017 Jeffrey R. Di Leo, Publisher and Editor In early 1996, Charles B. Harris became co-publisher of the American Book Review, joining forces with a titan of postmodern literature: journal founder and publisher Ronald Sukenick. Charlie worked with Sukenick as co-publisher until Ron’s passing in 2004, then served as sole publisher until late 2006, when I joined him as co-publisher. We worked together closely on the transition, after which he stepped back and served as Publisher Emeritus. I was honored to take up the position and determined to build up the work of my predecessors. Over the years, I spoke frequently with Charlie and got to know him very well not only as a fellow editor, but as a gifted and committed scholar, teacher, and administrator. From 1968 through 2004, he was a faculty member in the English department at Illinois State University, where he inspired generations of students with his passion for contemporary literature. From 1979 through 1994, he served as department chair, founding its Publishing Unit. From 1994 through 2004, he served as director of its highly-regarded Unit for Contemporary Literature. Evidence of his administrative vision is most manifest to the wider world in the hiring of David Foster Wallace, who created works in Normal that are generally regarded as among the most important of his generation. Click for larger view View full resolution Charlie Harris’s contributions to the institutionalization of contemporary literature in the university run deep. Publisher’s Weekly dubbed his Publishing Unit the “center for avant-garde publishing” in America. In higher education, he has few peers to match his success in nurturing and furthering contemporary literature in the university setting. To continue a small part of his legacy through the publication of ABR is an honor and privilege. The loss of his unique wisdom regarding the administration of the institutions of contemporary literature within the university cannot be replaced. Charlie was a true master, and a man both modest and generous with his wisdom. Academe has lost a giant, and contemporary literature one of its most gifted advocates. [End Page 25] Jeffrey R. Di Leo, Publisher and Editor American Book Review Copyright © 2017 American Book Review