So much Sturm und Drang has occurred over immigration that one might imagine there had been real reform in the last thirty years. On the contrary, as Lawrence J. McAndrews argues in Refuge in the Lord, the policy agenda has been crippled by error and inaction—representative of the partisan deadlock gripping Washington, D.C. The irony is that compromise between the Catholic proimmigration lobby and various presidential administrations was always there for the making. Both the lobby and, at times, the White House have instinctively favored legalizing illegal workers—recognizing their economic contribution and America's historic promise of opportunity—and showing greater compassion for refugees. The public, however, has been more cautious, dividing liberal clergy from their parishioners and presidents from their voters. The presidents have been keener to assuage nativism. The clergy have not. So the clergy have made demands that president after president could not possibly be seen to accept; in turn, that presidential resistance has made the clergy more radical in their demands. Legal status for undocumented aliens is no longer enough. In 2016 liberal Catholics are advocating full citizenship for a group of people who have objectively broken the law.