Illegal Behavior Research Articles

The visual attentional pattern toward smoking area signs in legal and illegal cigarette smokers: Preliminary findings

Attentional patterns towards signs of smoking area might be different on individual levels. This would play a significant role in the decision-making process of illegal smoking behavior. In order to understand and effectively intervene the such behavior, this study aims to investigate the attentional pattern of the legal and illegal smokers toward the area signs (e.g. smoking area vs. no-smoking area) using a free viewing task and eye-tracking method. The participants were grouped into 25 legal smokers groups (LSG) and 15 illegal smokers groups (ISG) based on their usual smoking spots specified in the self-report questionnaire. During the free-viewing task where their visual attentional pattern was measured by an eye-tracking method, the participants were presented with eight pictorial stimuli with the area signs and the smoking-related cues. To examine the initial orientation process, the initial fixation latency, total dwell time, and dwell time by time blocks were analyzed for the smoking area signs. As a result, while LSG showed faster initial fixation toward the smoking area signs than no-smoking area signs, ISG did not. Also, LSG showed higher proportion of initial visual attention to smoking area signs. These findings suggest that the initial orienting attentional pattern of LSG toward the area signs might play a significant role in the legal smoking behavior.

Performing Wash Trading on NFTs: Is the Game Worth the Candle?

Wash trading is considered a highly inopportune and illegal behavior in regulated markets. Instead, it is practiced in unregulated markets, such as cryptocurrency or NFT (Non-Fungible Tokens) markets. Regarding the latter, in the past many researchers have been interested in this phenomenon from an “ex-ante” perspective, aiming to identify and classify wash trading activities before or at the exact time they happen. In this paper, we want to investigate the phenomenon of wash trading in the NFT market from a completely different perspective, namely “ex-post”. Our ultimate goal is to analyze wash trading activities in the past to understand whether the game is worth the candle, i.e., whether these illicit activities actually lead to a significant profit for their perpetrators. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper in the literature that attempts to answer this question in a “structured” way. The efforts to answer this question have enabled us to make some additional contributions to the literature in this research area. They are: (i) a framework to support future “ex-post” analyses of the NFT wash trading phenomenon; (ii) a new dataset on wash trading transactions involving NFTs that can support further future investigations of this phenomenon; (iii) a set of insights of the NFT wash trading phenomenon extracted at the end of an experimental campaign.

General theoretical features of the internally displaced persons legal status in Ukraine

The article is dedicated to the comprehensive study of the problems of the general theoretical features of the internally displaced persons legal status (IDPs) in Ukraine during the war as the most acute period of socio-legal anomie, when all citizens of the state are negatively affected by military actions.
 It was found that the provision of psychological assistance to the IDPs is an important aspect, which allows people who live in difficult conditions to emotionally and psychologically stabilize their state and, as a result, avoid certain illegal actions and not become the object of criminal encroachments by offenders. The IDPs have all the rights of citizens of Ukraine and certain rights provided by their status. The procedure for citizens of their rights realization outside of their permanent residence may be complicated by the IDP's certain documents lack, their loss, or ignorance of their rights as the IDPs.
 The problems of children rights compliance who have become internally displaced persons are emphasized. In Ukraine, targeted state support is provided to children registered as internally displaced persons. Along with solving the material and household aspects of life, it is also necessary to prevent manifestations of illegal behavior among children, bullying, etc. The preventive work of juvenile prevention bodies, together with psychological services, should be aimed at integrating the minor into a new environment based on the principles of legality and compliance with the rights of the child.
 It is noted that an important aspect is the provision of free legal aid to the IDPs. In the cities that host the main number of IDPs, it is possible to get qualified legal assistance in the premises of railway stations regarding the main issues of the registration procedure, temporary settlement, food, medical and social assistance. Social solidarity and interaction of all citizens is highly important.
 The state should show maximum support for the specified category of citizens in order to prevent violation of their rights and freedoms, manifestations of illegal behavior of these persons and towards them, as well as, with the aim of avoiding the mass Ukrainian refugees flow due to the imperfect system of ensuring the basic rights of IDPs by relevant services and authority structures.

Punitive Damages for Corporations in China: Establishment and improvement

Punitive damages are remedies for non-specific subjects like communities without specific rights suffering from illegal behaviors. Having the functions of compensation, punishment, and prevention, punitive damages are the necessary solution to the inherent deficiencies in current remedy system in China that both civil and public remedies can hardly cover the losses of communities. However, punitive damages are misunderstood theoretically and practically in China. Traditional critics like caseload of courts, lack of procedural protections, ineffectiveness in punishment and deterrence, and overlapping in functions cannot deny the necessity of establishing punitive damages. Meanwhile, punitive damages in Chinese legal system cannot fit in with their functions, comparing with legal practice in the US. This issue is mainly the result of the inadequate application conditions, narrow scope of factors, and single distribution of damages, which are also the issues to be resolved when reconstructing the punitive damages system. Based on legal analysis of positive law and judicial practice in both America and China, this article attempts to justify the necessity of punitive damages as well as putting forward some approaches to the reconstruction of punitive damages in China.

Why Mexicans (Dis) Obey the Law

This paper presents the results of an experimental research project on the causes of Mexicans’ law-abiding and non-abiding behaviour. Firstly, it explains the theories tested, namely, deterrence and normative theory of law-abidance, and defines the concepts measured. Regarding deterrence theory, the causal efficacy of knowledge of legal punishment was measured and of normative theory that of social and personal norms. Second, it describes how these concepts were operationalised and how the two-stage experimental survey was conducted. Finally, the paper outlines the main results. The statistical analyses show that neither social norms explainunlawful behaviour nor knowledge of legal punishment influence law-abiding behaviour among Mexicans in specific situations. However, the analysis did show a statistically significant disagreement between Mexicans’ behaviour and normative beliefs, which reveals a case of pluralistic ignorance whereby Mexicans behave illegally and believe others approve of illegal behaviour, but they personally disapprove of it. These results, however, would have to be confirmed in a study with a representative sample to be conclusive.

Criminal offences related to domestic violence: Structure of the investigation methodology

Violence by family members is not only systematic, but is also characterized by an increase in its intensity, aggression, and the victim's sense of impunity and inability to resist leads to serious criminal and legal consequences. Even when criminal offenses that result in injury or death are detected, it is not always possible to establish their connection to domestic violence. This situation can be avoided by following a defined, scientifically based structure of actions. Therefore, today there is a need to develop algorithms for investigator's actions during the investigation of criminal offenses resulting from domestic violence. That is why in this article the author aims at identifying the interdependent elements of the criminal investigation process. To achieve this goal, the author used the methods of analysis, synthesis and questionnaire, the method of decomposition, and the special legal method. As a result, this work has made it possible to substantiate the expediency of dividing the investigation methodology into nine mandatory structural elements. The completeness of such elements depends on the investigative situation, the specific type of criminal offense committed, the form of criminal plans implementation, the identity of the offender (either a person who commits systematic domestic violence or a person who is a victim of such violence or a witness thereto), the presence or absence of previous experience of the offender's illegal behavior, and the place of the criminal offense (rural area or a large city environment). The author substantiates the need to include such structural elements as "interaction with state and public authorities, institutions and organizations on preventing and combating domestic and gender-based violence" and "preventive activities of an investigator in criminal proceedings related to domestic violence" in the structure of the methodology. It is also determined that the effectiveness of the methodology is determined by the interdependence of investigative (detective) actions, compliance with the stages of the investigation and timely involvement of relevant specialists. Such elements, if properly sequenced and combined, form the methodology for investigating this category of criminal offenses. The practical value of the work lies in the formation of an effective program, planning of the investigator's actions not only to establish the circumstances of the incident, but also to establish the causal relationship between domestic violence and other criminal offenses.

Development of scientific thought in the field of violation of environmental standards of building legislation

It is indicated that the legal protection of the natural environment, the provision of rational nature management and environmental safety in construction require not only the proper fulfillment by the subject of environmental legal relations of their rights and obligations, but also their protection from violations by other subjects, renewal of rights and legal interests of the participants of this legal relationship, bringing guilty persons to justice. It is legal responsibility that is the institution of environmental legislation that provides a mechanism for the localization and blocking of illegal behavior and stimulates socially useful actions of a person in the construction sector, is a measure of protection of society and its members from offenses, protects the interests of the individual, society and the state, is a form of the state’s response to violation of the established order of social relations.
 The article examines scientific views on the problems of violation of environmental norms of construction legislation, presents the formulation of the author’s term violation of ecological norms of construction legislation. It was determined that crimes in the field of violation of construction legislation are socially dangerous, criminally illegal, intentional or negligent actions (actions or inaction) with the use of construction equipment, construction tools, means, sources, methods and circumstances of their implementation, committed by physical, criminal, official, non-official and private persons.
 The author comes to the conclusion that crimes in the field of violation of construction legislation should be understood as socially dangerous, criminally illegal, intentional or negligent actions (actions or inaction) with the use of construction equipment, construction tools, means, sources, methods and circumstances of their implementation, committed physical, judicial, official, non-official and private persons (citizens of Ukraine, citizens of foreign countries, stateless persons and those with dual citizenship) who have reached the age of criminal responsibility for these crimes that encroach on relations regarding conditions (relationships), which ensure the existence of a multifunctional balanced system of vital activity of the animal, plant and human world, its protection, rational use and reproduction of such a single system, which includes a person (natural person), which will guarantee a natural environment that is safe for life and health, and in consequence of preparation, construction, operation and dismantling of construction structures cause significant damage to these relations, provided for by specific articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, or put them at risk of causing such significant damage.

Маржиналистская теория юридической ответственности О.У. Холмса

Marginalism is a doctrine in economics that applies methods of analysis based on operating with ‘marginal’, that is, incremental values. Evaluation is carried out in terms of the impact that a change in a certain value has on the level of utility or other significant category. In the 1870s, a ‘marginal revolution’ took place in economics. A little later, a marginal revolution is also taking place in legal theory. Deterrence from committing crimes becomes the main goal of bringing to legal liability. Punishment (legal liability) is necessary only to stop the lawful behavior, despite the fact that it is to be assessed how a change in the measure of liability by a certain amount affects the change in the level of illegal behavior. O.W. Holmes jr., especially in the works ‘The Common Law’ and ‘The Path of the Law’, begins to use marginal values for the analysis of law. With this in mind, this article analyzes the marginalist aspect of O.W. Holmes’ legal thought.

Psychological features of motivational components of juvenile offenders

The article presents the results of a study of particular components of the motivational sphere of juvenile offenders, which influence the formation of criminal behavior. The aim of the work is to identify, using tools designed for psychodiagnostics of general everyday motivation, features of motivational components of juvenile offenders, differences in the motivational sphere of offenders and their law-abiding peers. The study is described using the method of measuring the motivational structure (V. Milman), the methods of "Pyramid of needs" (V. Skvortsov, I. Akindinova), MAS (M. Kubyshkina), "Proverbs" (S. Petrova), "Scale of sensation search" (M. Zuckerman) in relation to offenders and law-abiding teenager and young men aged 14 to 17 years, according to the results of which information was obtained on the structure of the dormitory motivation of juvenile offenders, their needs, motivational attitudes, aspirations to search for sensations and other aspirations. A comparative analysis of the reaction of offenders and law-abiding minors was carried out. The results of the study of the answers to direct questions about their own psychological characteristics allowed us to draw conclusions about the presence in juvenile offenders of the dominance of consumer motivation of primitive forms, the actualization of the need to avoid trouble; a low level of aspirations for self-affirmation and self-esteem; unsatisfied needs in the field of interpersonal communication. Also the systematic declaration of socially approved aspirations by juvenile offenders, which are not confirmed in real behavior, has been revealed, which limits the conditions of the use of non-specialized methods for studying the motivation of illegal behavior. The original study of the motivation of juvenile offenders, who are not placed in prison, is of an applied nature and is designed to ensure that psychological factors are taken into account, when implementing rehabilitation and preventive programs by subjects of juvenile delinquency prevention.

Legal and Moral Analysis of the Authority of Police Investigators in Eradicating Corruption Crimes in Cases of IMB Management in Net City Internet Learning Cafe

Corruption is a term that comes from Latin, "corruptio" from the verb "corrumpere", which means rotten, corrupted, shaken, twisted, bribed, stolen, stolen. According to the Oxford dictionary, the notion of corruption is dishonest or illegal behavior, especially by people in authority. Responsibility is human awareness of intentional or unintentional behavior or actions. Responsibility also means action as a manifestation of awareness of obligations. In this case, the author describes a series of corruption incidents, Mr. Winar Subekti who serves as the Assistant Head of the Net City Internet Learning Cafe Development Project) actions that refer to direct actions to make inappropriate choices, where here he requires other people to commit inhumane crimes, here he is not a human being who has not changed , so that here the author will discuss the analysis of Law and Moral Police Investigators in Corruption Eradication.

The Role of the Police in Overcoming Motorcycle Racing Actions that Disturb Road Users

Efforts to eradicate the act of illegal racing on the road seemed endless. The police seem to be tireless in conducting raids on illegal races and they are also constantly making efforts to develop them. All methods have been tried, from the soft method to the rather hard approach. However, all the efforts and hard work of the authorities to eradicate the illegal races seemed meaningless. But the action of motor racing on the streets is still getting worse. In terms of efforts to overcome illegal racing behaviour which is very troubling to the community, law enforcement officers in this case the traffic police take preventive and repressive measures in tackling illegal racing actions. The implementation of law enforcement, especially the police, is obliged to maintain public order in order to create security and comfort in traffic. And providing a sense of security to every motorized vehicle driver, law enforcement is carried out by means of repressive efforts, which is an effort to combat illegal racing actions conceptually which was taken after the occurrence of the Illegal Racing Action. The sanction given is detention in accordance with Law No. 22 of 2009 and given a penalty in accordance with article 309, the sanction is a fine of Rp. 3,000,000.00, for a deterrent effect the police will hold the vehicle for 2 months. Countermeasures with repressive efforts are intended to take action against the perpetrators of crimes in accordance with their actions and improve them again so that they are aware that their actions are unlawful and detrimental to society

Features of the Psychographic Portrait of the Residents with Criminal Record living in Northern Territories and the Arctic Zone of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The psychographic features of the personality of residents of various regions of the Russian Federation are an interesting and insufficiently studied phenomenon from the standpoint of psychological knowledge. In our opinion, it is convenient to present such a phenomenon in the framework of personality research in the form of a psychological portrait - a kind of model structure reflecting the psychological characteristics of the object of research. The subject of the study is the elements of the psychological portrait of the personality of the studied contingent, the features of which constitute the content of the model of the psychographic portrait of the inhabitants of the northern territories. The parameters and model characteristics of the personality of the studied sample of residents of the region may be of interest to a wide range of very different practices – pedagogical, managerial, legal, professional and others. Separate, compositional parameters of model characteristics are presented in the study, which will form the basis of a general psychographic model of the personality of residents of the northern regions of Khma-Yugra and YANAO who have experience of illegal behavior. Such research is relevant and oriented in the practice of pedagogical, legal work with the population of the marked regions. If possible, a similar practice of scientific research on the presented topic can be transferred to other regions of the North and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The solution of this task is a systematic part of the research project of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the general title "Experience in the application of customary law, history and humanization of penitentiary institutions of Ugra within the framework of European and Russian traditions (late XVI - early XXI centuries)". The research is of practical importance and its results, we hope, will be in demand by specialists from a wide range of various social practices. The main, generalized conclusion of the study is statistically confirmed personality traits of the studied contingent, reflecting the model characteristics of their originality regarding illegal behavior.

Analyzing Five-Year Trends of Environmental Crimes in Misamis Occidental: Basis for Crafting Intervention Plans

Addressing environmental crimes is an illegal behavior which means that by doing this, it is possible to affect our individual lives. This study explored the environmental crime in the province of Misamis Occidental in the past five years. The descriptive-correlational design was the research design used in the study. The data that was acquired from the DENR office. In order to help the competent authorities create inventive strategies, the trend of environmental crimes in the province of Misamis Occidental during the last five years has been examined. The data shows that environmental crimes have significantly increased over the previous five years, with illegal logging and unlawful disposal of hazardous waste being the most common infractions. The study also demonstrates that the absence of enforcement and regulation contributes to the persistence of these crimes. To address these problems, the authority may think about enacting more severe fines and punishments for the environment to encourage responsible environmental activities, crimes must be reduced, enforcement must be strengthened, and awareness and education initiatives must be launched. These tactics might contribute to decreasing environmental crimes and increasing the province's environmental sustainability. In conclusion, conducting a comprehensive analysis of the five-year trends of environmental crimes in Misamis Occidental is essential and urgent. The insights gained from this study will play a pivotal role in formulating evidence-based intervention plans, empowering the authority to combat environmental crimes effectively and safeguard the province's natural resources for future generations. This study will serve as a crucial basis for crafting effective intervention plans by the authority. By understanding the patterns and dynamics of environmental crimes over a significant period, the authority will be equipped with invaluable insights to develop targeted prevention, enforcement, and restoration strategies.

THE ILLEGALITY OF FISHING VESSELS ‘GOING DARK’ AND METHODS OF DETERRENCE

AbstractGiven recent data regarding fishing vessels switching off their Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) in the Western Indian Ocean, this article assesses the potential illegality of the practice by analysing national and international legislation. It shows that the enforcement of AIS laws is generally poor, and although these are becoming increasingly robust in some jurisdictions, the sanctions are not severe enough to act as deterrents. Furthermore, this article suggests that the insurance industry enables the practice of switching off AIS through weak due diligence practices. Insurers have a role to play in curbing such illegal behaviour, and it is not discretionary.

ДИСКУССИОННЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЯ В ТЕОРИИ И ПРАКТИКЕ

The article raises the question for distinguishing the payer’s subjective right to tax op-timization and the abuse of such a right. The lack of clarity and legal certainty in this matter leads to a violation of the fiscal interests of the state, as a result of which budgets incur financial losses or the legitimate rights of taxpayers are violated. An attempt to resolve this problem within the framework of judicial law–making, of course, brought a positive result, however, as practice has shown, this was not enough. The purpose of the article is to define the boundaries between the concepts of “the payer’s right to tax optimization” and “abuse of tax law” with the justification of fixing these provisions in the Tax Code of the Russian Fed-eration. Special attention is paid to the reasons that contribute to increasing the possibilities of the payer to abuse his tax right to optimization. As a result of the study, it is noted that the payer’s right to tax optimization should be understood as a reduction in the amount of tax liabilities through lawful actions of a person, including the use of the rights granted by law related to exemption from taxes, fees (mandato-ry payments), their reduction or reimbursement. And the abuse of tax law is a form of the tax-payer’s realization of his subjective tax right when it contradicts its true purpose, formally es-tablished in the law, is harmful and entails unjustified economic advantages over others. The exercise of the right to tax optimization is always the lawful behavior of the payer. The main limits beyond which the payer’s right to optimize taxation passes into its abuse are harmful-ness and obtaining tax advantages over other payers. Harmfulness is not illegal or unlawful behavior of a person, but indicates that he uses his right to tax optimization in order to achieve another result that was not originally provided by the legislator when establishing the meaning and content of this right. Therefore, abuse of tax law does not entail any legal liability for the payer, since he does not violate the norms of tax legislation and does not go beyond the limits specified by law, beyond which a tax offense already begins (a criminal offense under Articles 198, 199 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The consequences in this situation consist only in the rightful actions of the ruling entity (court or tax authority).

Anomaly Detection in Social Media Texts Using Optimal Convolutional Neural Network

Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are nowadays utilized by the whole world to share ideas, images, and valuable contents by means of a post to reach a group of users. The use of SNS often inflicts the physical and the mental health of the people. Nowadays, researchers often focus on identifying the illegal behaviors in the SNS to reduce its negative influence. The state-of-art Natural Language processing techniques for anomaly detection have utilized a wide annotated corpus to identify the anomalies and they are often time-consuming as well as certainly do not guarantee maximum accuracy. To overcome these issues, the proposed methodology utilizes a Modified Convolutional Neural Network (MCNN) using stochastic pooling and a Leaky Rectified Linear Unit (LReLU). Here, each word in the social media text is analyzed based on its meaning. The stochastic pooling accurately detects the anomalous social media posts and reduces the chance of overfitting. The LReLU overcomes the high computational cost and gradient vanishing problem associated with other activation functions. It also doesn’t stop the learning process when the values are negative. The MCNN computes a specified score value using a novel integrated anomaly detection technique. Based on the score value, the anomalies are identified. A Teaching Learning based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm has been used to optimize the feature extraction phase of the modified CNN and fast convergence is offered. In this way, the performance of the model is enhanced in terms of classification accuracy. The efficiency of the proposed technique is compared with the state-of-art techniques in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, recall, and precision. The proposed MCNN-TLBO technique has provided an overall architecture of 97.85%, 95.45%, and 97.55% for the three social media datasets namely Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit respectively.

Research on the effectiveness of online food safety supervision under the existence of settled enterprises’ myopic cognitive bias

Although the scale of China’s online food industry grew rapidly in recent years, the risky operational practices of business were not adequately prohibited. Based on the repeated illegal behaviors of online food enterprises, this study constructs the intertemporal utility model of online food enterprises from the perspective of behavioral economics. It was discovered that the presence of cognitive biases with a short-term focus in online food businesses would result in dangerous food sales behavior. The myopic unsafe online food quantity deviation of businesses would decrease as the cognitive deviation coefficient and penalty factor of online food businesses increase. Due to the existence of myopic cognitive bias, it is difficult for online food businesses to perceive the difference between the discount factor in the short term and the long term during the decision-making process. Therefore, they will not choose to sell a significant quantity of dangerous food. However, during the sales behavior phase, food-settled enterprises would opt to offer more dangerous food due to myopic cognitive bias. According to the different behaviors of online food enterprises in different periods, this study provides some corresponding supervision strategies for government regulators in the near and far future. Even though government departments could act quickly to investigate and deal with food safety incidents that are less harmful, the long-term solutions to ensure continued online food safety and optimize the online business environment are to build comprehensive system of online food safety regulation, improve information disclosure of online food enterprises, and enhance the government online governance structures.

АНАЛІЗ ЗМІСТУ І СУТНОСТІ МАСОВИХ ЗАВОРУШЕНЬ ЯК ОБ’ЄКТА ПРИПИНЕННЯ ПІДРОЗДІЛАМИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The article analyzes the content and essence of mass riots as an object of suppression by units of the National Guard of Ukraine. The positions and opinions of scientists and researchers regarding mass riots as a social phenomenon, an illegal act and as an object of termination by the National Guard of Ukraine were studied. The author proves the position that, in the modern sense, mass riots are not only a social phenomenon, but first of all a criminally punishable act. At the same time, from the point of view of the need to stop them by the National Guard of Ukraine, this social manifestation is characterized by a system of other criteria, which in turn does not exclude the illegality and high public danger of the corresponding actions, which determines the need for immediate response by law enforcement agencies to these processes. It has been proven that the content and essence of the powers of the National Guard of Ukraine in general and the servicemen of individual units and units determine the normative possibility and objective obligations to stop mass riots on the territory of Ukraine, thus fragmenting the need to stop a mass riot as an act of illegal behavior and the need for further pre-trial investigation of such actions by other subjects of law enforcement agencies. The conclusion was reached that the essence of a mass riot consists in the organized commission of actions directed against public order and morality, accompanied by violence, pogroms, arson, destruction of property, seizure of buildings or structures, forcible eviction of citizens, resistance to representatives of the authorities with the use of weapons. The prospect of further scientific research is the need for a more detailed study of the powers of the National Guard of Ukraine to stop mass riots under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine.

Behavior and Psychological Analysis of Electric Bike Rider Turning Left to Cross the Street at Signal Intersections

As a more convenient and environmentally friendly green way of travel, electric bicycle has shown a rapid development trend in many cities in China in recent years [1-3], the impact on urban traffic is also increasing, especially in the signal intersection with traffic flow, electric vehicles is an important factor affecting the capacity of signal intersection, and the illegal behavior of electric vehicles is widespread, which has become one of the main causes of traffic accidents. This paper uses the combination of video survey method and questionnaire survey method to analyze the behavior and psychology of the motorcyclists with the left turn of the signal intersection. First, the field video survey is used to collect the behavior data of the riders, and then the questionnaire survey is used to analyze the psychological activities of the riders, and to compare the actual behavior results with the psychological analysis results, so as to establish the connection between behavior and psychology. To optimize the traffic and improve traffic safety and strengthen the standard management.

КРИМІНАЛІСТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ТАКТИКИ ДОПИТУ ОСОБИ, ПОТЕРПІЛОЇ ВІД ДОМАШНЬОГО НАСИЛЬСТВА

The article analyzes the forensic principles of interrogation tactics for a victim of domestic violence and provides suggestions for optimizing the relevant process in the form of recommendations. The importance of carrying out the highest quality investigative (inquiry) actions in the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses of violent content in general, as well as domestic violence, as one of the most dangerous types of illegal behavior in particular, is proved. In addition, attention is drawn to the fact that interrogation, among other investigative (inquiry) actions, is the most functionally applicable and universal investigative (inquiry) action, which allows to establish and detail a wide range of information about the criminal offense and the relevant subject of its commission. The purpose of the article is to analyze the principles of forensic tactics existing in science for interrogating a victim of domestic violence. This, in turn, necessitates the solution of such research problems as: 1. Delineation of the terminological component of the subject of a scientific article; 2. Detailing existing ideas about the tactics of interrogation of victims of domestic violence with the identification of the most outdated of them; 3. Identification of current trends in the principles of forensic tactics of interrogation of a victim of domestic violence and making proposals for discussion on ways to optimize the functioning of the relevant institution. The prospect of further scientific development of the relevant topics lies in the need to study the forensic tactics of interrogation of other persons participating in criminal proceedings for domestic violence.