Ig Kappa Gene Research Articles

PCR GeneScan Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin or T-Cell Receptor Genes for Clonality Diagnostics in Suspect Lymphoproliferations.

Assessment of the presence of clonal lymphoproliferations via polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis of rearranged immunoglobulin (IG) or T-cell receptor (TR) genes is a valuable method in the diagnosis of suspect lymphoproliferative disorders. Additionally, this methodology can be used for evaluating dissemination of lymphoma cells and for studying the clonal relationship between multiple (different locations) and consecutive (over time) lymphomas. Here we describe an integrated approach to assess clonality via analysis of Ig heavy chain (IGH), Ig kappa (IGK), TCR beta (TRB), and TCR gamma (TRG) gene rearrangements, based on the standardized multiplex PCRs as originally developed by the European BIOMED-2 consortium (currently named EuroClonality). The described protocol covers the pre-analytical phase of DNA isolation (from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and fresh tissues, body fluids, peripheral blood, and bone marrow), the analytical phase of PCR GeneScan analysis, and the post-analytical interpretation of the obtained profiles, following established guidelines.

Recombinant protein (anti-HRP) issued from the sea star igkappa cloning by the use of cho: its antibody specificity revealed by Elisa

It allows, by the use of CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovarian) protocol cloning to produce the «Young Protein» or anti-HRP (Horse-Radish Peroxydase) from the sea star IGKappa gene which corresponds to the IPA: (Invertebrate Primitive Antibody). Two elisas confirm the anti-HRP activity.The first Elisa was done with Protein L-HRP antigen. The second one with Streptavidine-HRP at classical concentrations which are used for Mammals.

Determination of the CDR (CDR1, CDR2) « Complementary- Determining Region Invertebrate Primitive Antibody from Sea Star »

The IPA (Invertebrate Primitive Antibody) was recently discovered, in the same time of Asterias rubens lymphocytes, humoral specific immune responses and Genomic assays with the sea star IGKappa gene. or anti Horse-radish peroxidase. CDR1 and CDR2 were described in this paper. That corroborates the name of Invertebrate Primitive Antibody and not IG Like protein as it is thought by some people.

Cytotoxicity Assessment of Sea Star Asterias Rubens Protein-Sip-Young-6 HIS in Hela Cells. Comparisons with Doxorubicine Action

The objective of this work is to assess whether recombinant protein SIP-Young-6 HIS, produced in HEK293, induces cell death in HeLa cells, when compared to doxorubicine action to achieve this, the metabolic activity is measured with the Cell Cytotoxicity Assay Kit (Abnova, Ref# KA4151) which contains a water-soluble dye that changes its absorption spectra upon cellular reduction. It seems that a post-translational modification occurs in HEK 293 since obtained results with the sea star young protein were less convincing than the preliminary ones. These last used directly the sea star IGKappa gene cloned in a CMV vector.

Cytotoxicity Comparisons between "Young Protein" from Sea Star Igkappa Gene and Doxorubicine against Cancerous Mcf7 Cells

Some years ago, we found that Axial organ (AO) cells exerted an induced and spontaneous cytotoxicity against SP2 and MBL2 mouse tumoral cells. Recently, we discovered a sea star Igkappa gene with immune properties. This gene was first, inserted in a CMV (cytomegalovirus) and finally in a plasmid called « young » plasmid. In the present experiment the sea star IGKappa gene was cloned in HeK human cells to produce the specific protein. The induced« young » protein exerted a weak cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells.

Comparisons Between 3 Invertebrates Igkappa Genes : From the Less Evolved to the Most One.Bioinformatic Data.

We attempt to establish, in the present paper, comparisons between 3 classes of Echinodermata (Asterids, Ophuirids, Crinoïds) out of 5 classes, at the level of genomes. Mainly we compare the IGKappa genes of these 3 classes which belong to Invertebrates. The Ophuirid IGKappa gene from Ophiocomina nigra seems to be the most evolved, in terms of immune functions, when compared to the two other ones.

The Asterias Rubens Sea Star Igkappa Gene when Compared to Marthasterias Glacialis Sea Star Genome (Echinodermata)

The sea star IGKappa gene was cloned in 2014 by the use of primers. It was compared in the present work to Marthasterias glacialis sea star genome. A high identity was found with this last one.

HETEROTRANSPLANTATIONS AND GENOMIC IN CANCER RESEARCH

We performed ,in 1975, the first heterotransplantation of invertebrate A.O in nude mouse, then a double heterotransplantation of human tumor and Axial organ next to this last one, always in nude mouse: The human tumor was rejected in 50% of observed cases. Some years later, we found that A.O cells exerted an induced and spontaneous cytotoxicity against SP2 and MBL2 mouse tumoral cells. Recently, we discovered a sea star Igkappa gene with immune properties. This gene was inserted in a CMV(cytomegalovirus) and finally in a plasmid called « young » plasmid. The induced« young » protein exerted a spontaneous cytotoxicity against osteosarcom cells (U2oS cells) against A-375 melanome cells and Hela cells

IMMUNE PROPERTIES IN THE PRODUCTED RECOMBINANT SIP YOUNG 6 HIS PROTEIN FROM THE SEA STAR IGKAPPA GENE THROUGH HEK 293 EBNA CELLS REVEALING AGAINST SPIKE-RBD PROTEIN AND HRP ONE CHANGES IN SEA STAR GENE EXPRESSION?

In 2014 we have isolated and cloned the sea star Igkappa gene which induced an anti-HRP primitive invertebrate antibody. We attempt, in the present work, to produce a SIP Young 6 His protein through HeK 293 EBNA cells after Igkappa gene cloning. This protein bound HRP by the use of Escherichia coli as vector of cloning but not HRP with HeK cells as vector. Is there changes in sea star IGKappa gene expression? We notice also that the SARS-CoV-2-SPIKE RBD Protein didn’t bind to SIP Young 6 His protein when compared to HRP.

Recombinant Sip Young 6 His Protein Production from the Sea Star Igkappa Gene, after Cloning

In 2014 we have isolated and cloned the sea star Igkappa gene which induced an anti-HRP primitive invertebrate antibody. We attempt, in the present work, for the first time in Invertebrates, to produce a SIP Young 6 His protein through HeK 293 EBNA cells.

A Sea Star Asterias Rubens IGKappa Gene when Compared to 3 Other Sea Star Genomes from Patiria Miniata, Acanthaster Planci and Marthasterias Glacialis (Echinodermata)

The sea star IGKappa gene was cloned in 2014 by the use of primers. It was compared, in the present work, to 3 other sea star genomes: Acanthaster planci, Patiria miniata and Marthasterias glacialis sea star genomes. A high identity, from a bioinformatic point of view, was found, with these last ones, with, a significant e-value. Sea star Igkappa genes may be present in these 4 asterids which belong to the Echinoderm Phylum (Invertebrates)

The Asterias Rubens Sea Star Igkappa Gene When Compared to Marthasterias Glacialis Sea Star Genome(Echinodermata)

The sea star IGKappa gene was cloned in 2014 by the use of primers. It was compared in the present work to Marthasterias glacialis sea star genome. A high identity was found with this last one.

ENTIERE IDENTITIES BETWEEN OPHIOCOMINA NIGRA IGKAPPA GENE AND HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA LOCUS.NEW ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE IGKAPPA GENES (IPA)

Entiere identities between Invertebrate Ophiocomina nigra IGKappa gene and Human IGK gene are confirmed, in the present work, at the level of immunoglobulin domains (constant and variable). The transcriptome of the Ophuirid : Ophiocomina nigra IGKappa gene was discovered recently(1).Since it was synthesized de novo and cloned in a pUC-GW-Kan plasmid (2) which was a gift of Bo Huang laboratories. The original sequence of the IGKappa gene, after cloning, was the following in 5’-3’ :

The Invertebrate Antibody

Introduction Many researchers don’t believe in our works: they speak we are wrong when we evoke the Invertebrate Antibody...BUT: Discussion We have discovered, in the past, the sea star lymphocytes ( B and T sea star lymphocytes : cf Fig 1,2) : these cells of 4-5µ in diameter are smaller than Vertebrate lymphocytes And ...We discovered recently the IPA (Invertebrate Primitive Antibody) with the sea star IGKAPPA gene with IG sites (Meta Gene 2013). Therefore genomic data assert the evidence of primitive antibody in Echinodermata. Furthermore, we find MHC genes class I and class II in 2019 and Fab gene, Fc receptor gene in these Invertebrates

Morphology, Immunology of Antedon Bifida (Echinodermata)

Antedon bifida, belongs to the class of Crinoïds. It’s an ancestral ECHINODERMATA. The body is a concave disc surrounded by ten pinnately divided arms, giving it a fem-like appearance. It possesses an axial organ similar to the sea star one : a primitive immune organ. We discover in it : 1) An IGKAPPA Gene recalling the IPA (Invertebrate Primitive Antibody) 3) A Fc receptor gene witch matches with human Fc gene 4) At Last MHC genes.

The Sea Star Igkappa Gene from an Evolutive Point of View

The Sea Star Igkappa Gene from an Evolutive Point of View

Primary Dural Lymphoma Masquerading as a Meningioma: A Rare Clinical Entity

Abstract Primary dura mater–based lymphomas are extremely uncommon and when detected are often clinically and radiologically misidentified. As per literature search, they account for <0.1% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas; however, a precise incidence is unknown since only a few cases have been described in the literature. Here we report a case of a 64-year-old female who presented for evaluation of a newly diagnosed left tentorial tumor, diagnosed as “consistent with meningioma” on imaging studies with significant mass effect on the left occipital lobe and left cerebellum with effacement of the fourth ventricle. She had been experiencing disabling headaches, balance dysfunction, and reduced vision. On examination, the patient had right visual field defect with wide-based gait. No evidence of systemic lymphoma or clinically suspicious lymphadenopathy was documented. An intraoperative consultation revealed sheets of lymphocytes, rather highly concerning for lymphoma. H&E sections showed dense fibroconnective tissue heavily infiltrated by mature small- to intermediate-sized lymphocytes with irregular nuclei and condensed chromatin without a discernible architecture. Only sparse and scattered larger lymphocytes were seen. Flow cytometry identified a subset of B cells with lambda-restricted immunophenotype expressing CD19+, CD20+, CD10+, CD5–, and CD23–. On tissue sections, Ki-67 showed an overall proliferation index of 10% to 20%. However, no residual follicular dendritic cell meshwork was detected by CD21 or CD23. PCR analysis detected clonal B-cell IgH and IgKappa gene rearrangements. A diagnosis of low-grade CD10-positive B-cell lymphoma (likely follicle center-cell origin) was made and the patient was discharged after 3 days of surgery for outpatient follow-up and treatment. In conclusion, low-grade dural-based lymphomas are extremely rare and often misdiagnosed as meningiomas clinically and radiologically. Additionally, it is important distinguish lymphomas of the dura mater, which are excluded from the definition of primary CNS lymphomas and may have a different clinical management and outcome.

The Sea Star Igkappa Gene and The Ophuirid Igkappa Gene Vaccinations to HRP (Horse-radish Peroxydase)

The main point of the sea star immunology, of the ophuirid immunology remain the discovery of the INVERTEBRATE PRIMITIVE ANTIBODY (IPA), the IGKAPPA GENES, with Ig sites which imply the COMPLEMENT SYSTEM, to be initiated: 9 component genes from C1 to C9 have been updated these last years, in sea star genome, in ophuirid one. These primitive antibodies were obtained after immunizations to the enzyme HRP (Horse-radish peroxydase). It is the first time we observe vaccinations in invertebrates. We have discovered, for the first time also, in these same Invertebrate a FC receptor gene, a Fab gene which corroborate the presence of IPA. The transcriptomes are given. It is the first time, we can speak of Adaptative Immunity, in Echinoderms, in Invertebrates Since many years, even since a century long, the notion of Antibody was out of the speech of immunologists. To speak of that made you as an outlaw. It is time to look with genomic studies which confirm which assert now evidence that 3 classes of Echinoderms out of 5 possess an Igkappa gene, a FC receptor gene. I recall these classent: the Asterids with Asterias rubens, the Ophuirids with Ophiocomina nigra and the Crinoïds.

PCR GeneScan and Heteroduplex Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin or T-Cell Receptor Genes for Clonality Diagnostics in Suspect Lymphoproliferations.

Assessment of the presence of clonal lymphoproliferations via polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis of rearranged immunoglobulin (IG) or T-cell receptor (TR) genes is a valuable method in the diagnosis of suspect lymphoproliferative disorders. Additionally, this methodology can be used for evaluating dissemination of lymphoma cells and for studying the clonal relationship between multiple (different locations) or consecutive (over time) lymphomas. Here we describe an integrated approach to assess clonality via analysis of Ig heavy chain (IGH), Ig kappa (IGK), TCR beta (TRB), and TCR gamma (TRG) gene rearrangements, based on the standardized multiplex PCRs as originally developed by the European BIOMED-2 consortium. The described protocol covers the pre-analytical phase of DNA isolation (from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and fresh tissues, body fluids, peripheral blood, and bone marrow), the analytical phase of PCR GeneScan and heteroduplex analysis, and the post-analytical interpretation of the obtained profiles, following established guidelines.

Evidence of immune genes in the crinoïd: Antedon bifida evidence of A.bifida Igkappa gene and a FC receptor one

Immuno-genomics studies realized in Echinodermata (Invertebrates) were surprising. 3 classes out of 5 Echinodermata presented an IGKappa gene and a Fc receptor gene. It was, first demonstrated, in Asterids and Ophuirids. It was, secondly clearly shown, in the ancestral Crinoid: Antedon bifida