Ideological Point Of View Research Articles

Humanization in the management of hospitalized children and adolescents

The rights of infants and children in hospital, which are universally accepted from an ideological point of view, result as being only partially applied and in a non-homogenous way in the different realities[1-3]. Many countries have set standards which would allow the translation of these principles into clinical practice. In 2008 the Italian Pediatric Society (SIP) and the Foundation for Children in Hospital, with the support of Progea & Joint Commission International, drafted a specific manual in which the requirements to be satisfied are clearly expressed and in which they also started up a voluntary accreditation programme of paediatric departments. The humanization of hospitals is a continually evolving process in relation to the changing needs of children and to the context in general. The current reference model is the Patient and Family Centered Care (PFCC) [4]. Intervention is required at all levels. Training: this represents the foundation of the process and should examine the numerous aspects such as communication, management of relationships, cultural competence and teamwork. Organization: activation of alternative assistance models, or models integrated to hospital admission; admission into spaces which are separated from those of adults (it occurs in 72.2% of subjects between 0-17 years of age and in 16% of those between 15 and 17); dedicated paths and guaranteed paediatric treatment in all areas of assistance, including the emergency area; family centered round care which represents the hospital paradigm of the PFCC concept in which the multidisciplinary discussion is carried out within the room, in the presence of the child and the family, integrating their outlook in the decision process; organizational flexibility and in the procedures [5]. Structure: the wards should be designed with the concept of a “paediatric hospital” within a general hospital where minors are cared for in dedicated areas and with sufficient flexibility to respond to the various needs. The optimal number of single rooms is a subject of debate. For adolescents, separated areas which safeguard privacy and independence are essential. Spaces for support activities and family members’ comfort must be provided for (table ​(table11). Table 1 SIP SURVEY OF 237 PEDIATRIC WARDS – 2010 Information and education: aimed at actively involving the children and the families in the decisions and in the treatment, but also at understanding one’s rights. It is fundamental to have a strong local leadership that drives the change with group work, alliances with institutions and involving children and families. Validated measures of process and outcome are necessary.

Special Event Logistics Geopolitical Event Bangkok

Special event logistics covers a broad area from concerts, trade fairs, to public gatherings and beyond. This qualitative research is looking at special event logistics from a technical logistics management standpoint. The paper focuses on the logistics issues of the geopolitical events of the so called Shut down of Bangkok in 2014. The paper does not address the political issues surrounding the events and takes a neutral position only focusing on the technical logistics elements of the special event. Geopolitical special events are different as they involve thousands of volunteers at various levels of engagement over a more or less undetermined period of time with very fluid dynamics of the event. The emotions of the volunteers and participants are running high as it involves political and ideological viewpoints and therefore provides a high tension high pressure environment with a great level of uncertainty and risk. Supply chain risk management (SCRM) takes on a new meaning in the context of special events. Security is a major issue which goes beyond normal SCRM and business continuity planning. There needs to be access and crowd control as well as VIP and critical infrastructure protection. The logistics issues that need to be addressed include: site selection and preparation down to site dissolution, various sorts and types of assets and supplies from numerous and often daily varying sources need to be mobilized and demobilized. Infrastructure has to be provided and in some cases created including public utilities such as electricity, water, sewer, phone, fax, internet and mobile telephones, cable, wireless networks, satellite up and down links, to ATM machines which have to be brought to the site. Food and beverages (F&B) services range from drinking water to feeding thousands to special diets for vegetarians, Buddhist monks and Muslim participants. Storage on-site and off-site involves coldsupply chain (CSC) as well as perishable items and bulk items ranging from less than a truck load (LTL) to large bulk shipments. Audio visual (AV) services and multi-media needs to be covered both on a close circuit (CCTV) network for the site as well as national and international news and media coverage. There are also the demand planning and transportation issue, goods and people have to be transported to and from and in between often multiple venues which adds to the complexity.

The British industrial revolution and the ideological revolution: Science, Neoliberalism and History

During the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries interpretations of the British Industrial Revolution became embedded within debates over competing systems of political economy, primarily liberal democracy (free trade) versus socialism (state regulation). At the heart of this contest was also the question of epistemology. A picture emerged of the Industrial Revolution that reflected such contrasting perspectives; for those with a Western liberal bent Britain industrialized first due to a weak state, an emphasis upon individual liberty, the right institutions and culture of creativity born of free minds and free markets. At the heart of this was the emergence of science; objectivity and Western democracy became a key cornerstone of this perspective. This view was first especially spearheaded by the Austrian economists Ludwig von Mises (1881–1973) and, slightly later, Friedrich A. Hayek (1899–1992). The debate subsequently became particularly fierce during the Cold War, and since the fall of the Berlin Wall the role of the state and protectionism within Britain’s industrial history has greatly diminished. Indeed today’s dominant historiography continues to erase Britain’s actual industrial experience and, instead, reflect entrenched liberal and neoliberal prescriptions. A major axiom of this ideological viewpoint is the centrality of science and its history.

Demokracja bezpośrednia na poziomie lokalnym: Czy obywatele chcą partycypacji?

Contemporary theory of democracy places great emphasison direct forms of citizens' participation in political life. Direct democracy is the core of the functioning of democratic systems. It is a general rule in making deci- sions, even those controversial or connected to public affairs, taking place in the common vote. What kinds of institutions of direct democracy are practiced, it mainly depends on historical, cultural and economical conditions. The aim of the research is an attempt to specify the level of support forcitizens' participation in new forms of direct democracy such as participatory budgets, as well as the purpose of the research is the diagnosis for citizens' abilities to participate in the possible institutions of direct democracy that function in the local government. To summarize conducted research, it can be concluded that citizens declare the irsupport for the possibility of co-deciding on municipality budgets and possibility ofstrengthening the irparticipation through the available institutions of direct democracy in local governments, such as the referendum or locals' consults. This support is generally independent from sympathizing with the different political parties or ideological view points.

The impact of translators’ ideology on the translation process: a reaction time experiment

This paper presents an experiment designed to measure the influence that a translator’s political stance may exert on the time needed to find a translation solution when working with ideologically loaded concepts. To this purpose, a reaction time experiment (with positive and negative prompting conditions) was designed to evaluate whether words and expressions that are contrary to the translator’s ideology may slow down the translation process, making translators take longer to find an adequate translation. Our hypothesis predicted that the reaction time of translators would be bigger when the English word was presented with a negative “prompt”, that is, with a word they would feel contrary to their political views. Differences in reaction times between two groups of translators with different ideological viewpoints would provide empirical support for the claim that translators may be influenced by their ideological views. The results will contribute to increase translators’ awareness of the impact that issues such as ideology and power may have on their work.

The Transformations Of The Novelistic Canon: The Comparison Of Daniel Defoe’s And Penelope Aubin’s Dedication To Truth And Virtue

Abstract The aim of the article is to discuss the evolution of the concept of the literary canon in the context of eighteenth-century fiction. The concept of the literary canon has been traditionally associated with timeless, universal values which transcend the ideological conditions of the period in which texts are created. In present criticism, which is shaped by cultural studies, the association of a canon with universality has been challenged. A canon has been recognised by cultural critics as an instrument of an ideological power struggle which presents the values of dominant social groups as universal. The analysis of novels written by Penelope Aubin and Daniel Defoe at the beginning of the eighteenth century demonstrates that the study of literature only from an ideological viewpoint does not account for the workings of the literary canon. Both Aubin and Defoe employ the same formula of fiction, adventure story with a moral commentary, but while Defoe’s fiction has survived in literary histories, Aubin’s stories, after their initial success, fell into oblivion and have been rediscovered only recently by feminist critics. The varying fates of Aubin’s and Defoe’s fiction point to the insufficiency of the definition of canon which binds literary value too strongly with ideology.

Rijeka i oko nje kod Matoša

The article discusses the relationship between A.G. Matoš and the city of Rijeka, which can be seen in his work „Oko Rijeke”. The focus of the analysis is in the ideology by which the discourse subject observes the city. From the viewpoint of patriotic ideology, the subject comments on the colonialist relations that occur at the time in Rijeka, but his idealization of patriotic culture, as opposed to „negative” historic, landscape and political status of the city, impede his ability to give an accurate insight. Therefore, his work is inclined to be more political than literary.

Disentangling Science & Ideology

May’s editorial, titled “The Intrusion of Fundamentalist Religion into Biology Education,” touched on many important issues for biology educators that deserve more attention. In many ways I agree with the conclusion that “we all must be on guard for the erosion of science and intrusion of religion into education,” although this blanket statement requires more clarification. Censorship and manipulation of facts to fit religious dogma definitely erode science and education, but the discussion of ideological viewpoints (political, social, religious, economic, etc.) is a vital component of a well-rounded education that fosters critical thinking. It is also important to note that the inappropriate intrusion of ideological dogma is not limited to fundamentalist religious beliefs. For example, many prominent atheists are as guilty as religious fundamentalists in pushing their ideologies into science and education. Ideology and science are inappropriately intertwined in the United States mainly, I would argue, because most citizens lack a basic understanding of the nature of science (i.e., …

“Impossible Narrative Voices”:

“Impossible Narrative Voices”:

Le Caucase : un espace instable au cœur de la littérature romantique russe

In the 20-30 's of the XIXth century, the Caucasus abundantly nourished the Russian literature and artistic imagination. As a "New Parnassus" and a "warm Siberia" - that is as a source of poetic creation and a space of relegation for an entire generation of writers (Pushkin, Lermontov, Bestuzhev, Griboedov. . .), as a mental construction and a colonial space, as a paradigm of romantic modernity and a place of ancient legends, the Caucasus initiated a new reflection on civilization's values and Russia's historical future faced with Western and Eastern cultures. The Russian literary discourse on the Caucasus is clearly ambivalent ; the formation of this discourse allows to analyze the different functions devoted to "the other space" from both aesthetic and ideological points of view. How does Russian literature consider the colonized and "primitive" people ? What are the dominant images ? Representations of the "Russian East" are parts of complex identity strategies whose stakes are high and exceed a simple recognition of cultural differences.

CFTC/CFDT Attitudes towards Immigration in the Parisian Region

This paper, which is based on the detailed analysis of the post-war archives of the French Christian union Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens (CFTC), which became the Confédération Française Démocratique du Travail (CFDT) in 1964, highlights the difficulties, both from a practical and ideological point of view, for a militant organisation to embrace the cause of immigrant workers and to give them a voice. The CFDT had to ‘construct’ immigrant workers as a group they could represent, which means as a group that relates to French workers, despite possible xenophobia. A key moment was the denunciation of their housing conditions that make immigrant workers not competitors in the job market but victims of injustice. The union had to reinvent its engagement frames in order to include the specific problems faced by the immigrant workforce. The study shows that the urban dimension was essential in this process as Paris slums made visible an important plight of migrants and provided the opportunity to change public opinion.

Sartre and Theatrical Ambiguity

This overview of Sartre's theater within the context of the symposium focuses on the inherent ambiguities of his theory and practice. His plays, as committed literature, are not always successful in their pedagogical intention of changing the minds of his audiences. On the one hand, he seeks to provide universal situations with which everyone can collectively identify, and on the other he wishes to convince them of the value of freedom and confront them with problems and conflicts they must resolve for themselves. These spectators then exercise that freedom by taking ideological viewpoints that are in conflict with those of the plays. Moreover, the plays are often complex and ambiguous, and set far from a contemporary French context, thus demanding a certain sophistication of interpretation. Sartre's skill as a dramatist is to write plays that engage the public in debates about the key questions of the day, even though, because of his open approach, he does not always succeed in changing their minds.

Fugard and the Recent Afrikaans Translations of His Plays: A Subversive Exercise?

Summary This article focuses on the Afrikaans translations of Fugard's plays - particularly the five plays translated by Idil Sheard and published by Maskew Miller Longman from 2005 to 2009. The discussion is placed within the framework of concepts and insights in current work in the field of translation studies (e.g. Venuti's notion of "homogenizing" and Leung's reference to "an ideological turn in Translation Studies"). The article addresses various questions: What are the implications of Fugard's use of Afrikaans words/phrases/songs in his English plays for the Afrikaans translations of these plays; are Afrikaans translations of these plays necessary and can one assess these translations (and their impact within the Afrikaans-language community) from a broader ideological viewpoint?

Toward Fair Economy

In order that an organized body of knowledge might be classified as science, its hypothetical law must be based on facts. Unlike any other social science, fallacies are the root of the technique of thinking in economics. By the lapse of time theses fallacies have been accepted as if they represent a part of the natural life which people have to live with. Present economic systems are designed to concentrate wealth in few hands. Instability is the main character of present economies. Monetary and fiscal policies failed to realize prosperity. Growing poverty and oppression makes it necessary to review the foundations on which present economic systems are based and to establish a fair economic system. No doubt that a system based on principles set by the Creator of the people is the best for all communities. In general, all religions handled economic issues, but Islam has set constant comprehensive concepts and rules for establishment of a fair economic system which suits all people in different times and places. Taking into consideration the complexity of recent economies, different approach has been taken to identify economic topics and to understand the verses of the Holy Qur’an which controls present macroeconomic issues. This explains the different presentation of Islamic economy in comparison with what was introduced by other researchers. First, the analysis highlights features of Islamic economy. Each chapter explains how present economic principles are implemented with regard to the subject economic topic and introduces the related ideological viewpoints of Islam supported by the verses of the Holly Qur’an and the sayings of the Prophet (Pbuh). Second, a fair integrated economic system based on the Islamic rules is introduced. It includes monetary system, financial system and financial security system

Pitfalls in Economic Thinking

In order that an organized body of knowledge might be classified as science, its hypothetical laws must be based on facts. Unlike any other social science, fallacies are the root of the technique of thinking in economics. By the lapse of time, theses fallacies have been accepted as if they represent a part of the natural life which people have to live with. Viewing inflation as natural phenomenon: Present economic systems are designed to produce inflation in order to concentrate wealth in few hands. Economists recognize the harmful impact of inflation on societies. Inflation arises, mainly, because prices include additional charges that do not represent an element of the real cost of factors of production. Viewing money as a valuable commodity: Money is no longer a real product or a substitute of a product. Credit money represents most of the money in circulation. The role of money is broadened out of its scope of function as a valueless medium of exchange. Money plays an inflationary role, becomes profit generator and its quantity controls economic activities. Money is a social invention introduced to facilitate exchange transactions. Currency backing is inherently ridiculous tradition that limits economic growth. Viewing lending and speculative activities as economic activities: Huge amount of resources are directed toward financial activities searching for private gain on account of public loss. A historical review of financial crises explains the destructive role of financial activities on societies and the failure of monetary remedies to prevent the ghastly impacts on economic growth. Economic activities have its origin in the wants of communities. Its main purpose is the satisfaction of those wants. Production is meant the activities which result in the creation of utilities.Believing that free market does not exist in reality: Human interventions, legalized monopolies, and speculative activities are impediments to market freedom. Market is free by its nature. Free interaction of market forces makes demand and supply fluctuate to determine fair prices of products. Believing that growth of public services is the way for redistribution of income: In capitalism, redistribution policies which are based on welfare systems do not provide financial security to all individuals. In socialism, redistribution policies which are based on state ownership of means of production do not respect the right of private property.Present economic systems failed to realize prosperity. Poverty is rising and living standard of middle class is declining. Taking into consideration the complexity of present economies, different approach has been taken to identify economic topics. The views expressed here are undoubtedly drastically different from the views held by other researchers. This research assumes full responsibility of inflation for the failure of present economic systems to achieve the objective of prosperity. In its first chapter, the research gives different definition to inflation and illustrates its destructive roles. The second chapter explains the inflationary role of money and introduces different monetary theory based on viewing money as just a thing invented to be a medium of exchange. In the third chapter, optimal output growth and fair distribution of wealth are presented as the aim of a sound economic system. The fourth chapter introduces an integrated inflation-free economic system. Finally, the last chapter presents the ideological viewpoints of Islam with regard to economy.

Lucas on the Relationship between Theory and Ideology

AbstractThis paper concerns a neglected aspect of Lucas’s work: his methodological writings, published and unpublished. Particular attention is paid to his views on the relationship between theory and ideology. I start by setting out Lucas’s non-standard conception of theory: to him, a theory and a model are the same thing. I also explore the different facets and implications of this conception. In the next two sections, I debate whether Lucas adheres to two methodological principles that I dub the ‘non-interference’ precept (the proposition that ideological viewpoints should not influence theory), and the ‘non-exploitation’ precept (that the models’ conclusions should not be transposed into policy recommendations, in so far as these conclusions are built into the models’ premises). The last part of the paper contains my assessment of Lucas’s ideas. First, I bring out the extent to which Lucas departs from the view held by most specialized methodologists. Second, I wonder whether the new classical revolution resulted from a political agenda. Third and finally, I claim that the tensions characterizing Lucas’s conception of theory follow from his having one foot in the neo- Walrasian and the other in the Marshallian-Friedmanian universe.

War and the Austrian School: Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek

The Austrian school of economics is generally considered an antiwar school. The Austrian view is not derived from a religious or class-based ideological viewpoints, but instead derives entirely from the school's fundamental economic tenets. This article examines the writings of Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek as they relate to war and the causes of war. (A predecessor article on Carl Menger, Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, and Friedrich von Wieser, the founders of the Austrian School, appeared in vol. 5, no. 1 of this journal.)

Challenges of Sociology in Iran (Ups And Downs and Perspective of Exit)

The sociology in Iran, as a scientific discipline, has been established in the academic and research centers around 70 years ago. This scientific discipline is continuing to produce knowledge and educating students despite many ups and downs during these seven decades. An overview to the history of developing of the sociology in Iran shows that it still facing with many challenges and serious crises although many books, articles have written or translated to Persian and many research projects have been conducted. In this article, through a historic perspective to the processes of development of the sociological schools affected by different ideological viewpoints from Marxism and Islamism; first, I try to define the main approaches of analyzing social problems according to these ideological viewpoints. The other aim of the article is studying the historical periods of formation and the development of various sociological approaches in this scientific discipline. In this process, I will analyze the development of sociology in two formal and informal sectors. Finally, I conclude that the sociology in Iran has many structural crises that will face many obstacles and difficulties for problematizing and resolving the socio/cultural issues without identifying the causes and consequences of these crises.

Re-consideration on Gyeju(髻珠) in Ideological Viewpoint

Re-consideration on Gyeju(髻珠) in Ideological Viewpoint

Religion in Development

Religion and development have been uncomfortable bedfellows for decades yet development strategies designed by Western donors are prescribed for the very people who are often religiously motivated in their daily lives. Attempts have been made in the recent past to restore some of that imbalance by incorporating cultural issues and religious values into the international development policy network, but hostilities remain. This article argues that development practices continue to embrace a neoliberal framework which limits other ideological viewpoints. Setting an Islamic context where greater emphasis is laid on values, it asserts that in a country such as Bangladesh, Islamic solutions to development also have a utilitarian function in welfare terms. It introduces an Islamic model to development based around the disbursement of zakah called the parshi and looks at how it contrasts with the dominant NGO model in the country.