Ideological Character Research Articles

What (if anything) is ideological about ideal theory?

It is sometimes argued that ideal theories in political philosophy are a form of ideology. This article examines arguments building on the work of Charles Mills and Raymond Geuss for the claim that ideal theories are cognitively distorting belief systems that have the effect of stabilizing unjust social arrangements. I argue that Mills and Geuss neither succeed in establishing that the content of ideal theories is necessarily cognitively defective in the way characteristic for ideologies, nor can they make plausible which mechanisms ensure the alleged negative effects of the widespread acceptance of ideal theorizing. This does not mean that all hope is lost for the ideology objection, however. By turning to a second Marxian model of ideology, I argue that the ideological character of ideal theories is not so much a matter of their content, but rather of their form. Ideal theories falsely present the normative concepts that they use as semantically practice-independent and thereby block potential challenges from subordinate groups to dominant ideologies. It is therefore not the normative content of ideal theories which proves to be objectionable, but the particular role their concepts play in wider political discourse.

Civil War and Ideology Conflict as Seen in Alex Irvine's Transformers: Exodus

This study discusses civil war and ideology conflict represented in Alex Irvine's Transformers: Exodus. It aims to analyze how the ideological conflict contributes to civil war in the novel and the moral messages that the readers can learn from the narrative. Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony and Terry Eagleton's theory of ideological features are used to examine ideology's role, and the moral-philosophical approach is used to analyze moral values. The findings suggest the existence of three ideologies: the Cybertronian traditions, the Autobots' ideology, and the Decepticons' ideology. In addition, this study finds that the novel contains moral values related to peace, toleration, and diplomacy.

O‘zbek jadid nasri va Abdulla Qodiriy

This article deals with the prose works, which are important part of Jadid literature. The ideological features of some prose works both small and large are examined. In particular, some aspects of Abdulla Qadiri's work are evaluated in the context of modern literature. Jadid writers, espe-cially in the prose works written in the first phase of the same movement, there is an ideological and artistic synchronization and harmony. The scale of modern Uzbek literature, the prose of Abdulla Qadiri is a magnificent place of sophistication and at the same time a wake-up call for everyone.

ELECTION PROGRAMS OF NON-PARLIAMENTARY POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE ELECTIONS TO THE STATE DUMA OF THE VIII TH CONVOCATION. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Aim. To analyze the election programs of non-parliamentary political parties as the key documents for understanding the party ideology, assessing its attitude to the actions of the authorities, as well as the actions procedure in case of election. Research objectives: to find out if there is a correlation between the volume of the party program and its result in the elections; to establish whether the amount and quality of descriptions of initiatives are related to the results of parties in elections; and, thirdly, to characterize the party programs based on the language features of writing programs.Methodology. The analysis of the programs of the political parties "Yabloko", "Russian Party of Freedom and Justice", "Motherland", "Pensioners Party", "New People" (at the time of the elections it was a non-parliamentary party), "Communist Party of Communists of Russia", "Green", "Green Alternative", "Civil Platform" as well as the manifesto of the party "Growth", which was used by the party as an election program, was carried out. The methods of studying documents, content analysis, and a comparative method are used in the paper.Results. It has been established that the best results among non-parliamentary political parties were achieved by those whose program volume is at least 10 thousand characters. It has been revealed that the number of initiatives included in the program for the voter is as important as the quality and detail of their description, and the linguistic features, identified through the analysis of frequently mentioned within the framework of the program of words, allow to give a basic description of the document as well as to determine the ideological and political features and directions of the party.Research implications of the article is in the comparison of the program documents of the parties with the election results, which makes it possible to identify the most successful strategies for compiling political documents.

International collaborative learning experiences cultivate ethnic-cultural dialogue among peers

ABSTRACT When dialogue between colleagues from diverse cultures is painted in ethnocultural colors, it is possible to express aspects related to religious, ideological, and ethnic characteristics and acquire intercultural abilities. This qualitative-interpretive study examined (1) ethnocultural aspects revealed during a course that brought together students from different countries and enabled a dialogue between colleagues that reveals the other’s perspective on socio-cultural issues, (2) how ethnocultural dialogue pedagogy helps cultivate competence Intercultural between diverse groups. Eighty-seven colleagues from Israel and the United States participated in the study, and two research tools were documentation and interviews. The study’s findings revealed two categories: (1) cultural-national aspects; (2) Ethnic aspects. Research findings help understand the relationship between direct and personal ethnic dialogue and terms of culture, nationality, gender, and religion. They demonstrate that peer dialogue has a significant positive impact on fostering intercultural competence, developing social skills, and promoting positive emotional attitudes towards diverse groups. This study also indicates that participants broadened their socio-cultural perspective and formulated an inclusive value concept that expresses openness and holistic observation of various narratives while legitimizing differences in the customs and traditions of each group. The findings have practical implications in shaping pedagogical principles for fostering intercultural competence.

Hacı Bayram Veli'nin Tarikatı ve Tarikat Silsilesi: Hacı Bayram Veli'nin Tarikatı ve Silsilesinde Oluşan Belirsizlik

Osmanlı Devleti siyasi sınırları içerisinde Erdebil tekkesi ekseninde iki farklı erkan ve faaliyet yürütüldü. Bunlardan bir tanesi Somuncu Baba / Şeyh Hamid Veli (ö. 1412), Hacı Bayram Veli (ö. 1430) ve Yusuf Hakiki Baba (ö. 1488) tarafından takip edilen Erdebil Tekkesinin geleneksel usul ve erkanı idi. Diğeri ise Şeyh Cüneyt ile görünen siyasi, ideolojik programını meşru kıldığı yeni usul ve erkandı. Her iki usul ve erkan, aynı zaman ve mekânda Erdebil Tekkesi halife ve müritlerinin bulunduğu bütün tekkelerde yürüdü ve yeni uygulamaya konulmaya çalışılan erkan, her iki erkanı sürdürenler arasında anlaşmazlık ve mücadeleye neden oldu. Aşamalı olarak Şeyh Cüneyt (ö. 1460), Şeyh Haydar (ö. 1488) ve Şah İsmail (ö. 1524) tarafından Erdebil Tekkesinin kadimden devam eden erkan, usul ve kisvesini değiştirerek geçmiş ve geçmişle bağlantılı uzantılarından kurtulmaya çalıştı. Erdebil Tekkesinin farklı programı giderek Şeyh Cüneyt ile genişledi ve Şeyh Cüneyt ardından Şeyh Haydar ve oğlu Şah İsmail ile tekke, müstakil bir devlete dönüştü. Diğer yandan Erdebil Tekkesi, Somuncu Baba / Şeyh Hamid Veli, Hacı Bayram Veli ve ardıllarından sonra birden fazla tarikat adıyla faaliyete başladı ve bu tarikatların temsil ettiği erkanın parçası oldu. Bu çatışma ve mücadele neticesinde farklı iki anlayış ortaya çıktığında Erdebil Tekkesine bağlı topluluklar, kendi içerisinde iki ana usul ve erkan arasında kaldı. Şeyh Haydar döneminde ortaya çıkan Kızıl Taç ile Erdebil Tekkesinin kisvesi yeni dilim ve renkleriyle yeni erkanı uygulayanların alameti farikası olurken kadimden devam eden erkanı sürdürenlerden de farklılaştırdıkları hususlardan bir tanesi olmuştu. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hacı Bayram Veli, Somuncu Baba, Şeyh Hamid Veli, Yusuf Hakiki, Şeyh Cüneyt, Şeyh Haydar, Tac, Kızılbaş.

Research and Practice on the Promotion Role of Ideological and Political Workers in Colleges and Universities in Scientific Research and Education

As one of the basic responsibilities of a modern university, scientific research integrates knowledge discovery, talent training and the inheritance of scientific spirit, making it an inherent requirement for running a socialist university well and cultivating new talents who are responsible for national rejuvenation in the era. Ideological and political workers in colleges and universities have their unique advantages in grasping the ideological characteristics and psychological development characteristics of college students and guaranteeing the construction of study style. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the promoting role of ideological and political workers in colleges and universities in scientific research and education.

POETIC FEATURE OF THE SAGYN AKMATBEKOVA’S LYRICS

The article explores the poetic features of the Sagyn Akmatbekova’s lyrics, which is special in Kyrgyz literature with it’s original poetry. The purpose of this article is to determine through the study of ideological, thematic quests and poetic features of the poetess’s lyrics. For the study were selected poems of the poetess, which were written in different styles and artistic methods.

MEANINGLESS, BUT NOT MERCILESS REBEL. OBJECTIVE CONTENT OF THE NOVEL “TEXT” BY D. GLUKHOVSKY

The article is devoted to some ideological features of the popular novel “Text” by D. Glukhovsky. The two most important concepts for the novel, noted in the title, are analyzed: the meaning of revenge and compassion for enemies (mercy). In the novel, we do not find the opposition of two worlds: the real and the virtual. The virtual world is an integral part of the real world and is built according to its rules and laws. In this novel, reality with its meanness and cruelty absolutely dominates.

Uncooperative society, uncooperative politics or both? Trust, polarization, populism and COVID-19 deaths across European regions.

Why have some territories performed better than others in the fight against COVID‐19? This paper uses a novel dataset on excess mortality, trust and political polarization for 165 European regions to explore the role of social and political divisions in the remarkable regional differences in excess mortality during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. First, we investigate whether regions characterized by a low social and political trust witnessed a higher excess mortality. Second, we argue that it is not only levels, but also polarization in trust among citizens – in particular, between government supporters and non‐supporters – that matters for understanding why people in some regions have adopted more pro‐healthy behaviour. Third, we explore the partisan make‐up of regional parliaments and the relationship between political division – or what we refer to as ‘uncooperative politics’. We hypothesize that the ideological positioning – in particular those that lean more populist – and ideological polarization among political parties is also linked to higher mortality. Accounting for a host of potential confounders, we find robust support that regions with lower levels of both social and political trust are associated with higher excess mortality, along with citizen polarization in institutional trust in some models. On the ideological make‐up of regional parliaments, we find that, ceteris paribus, those that lean more ‘tan’ on the ‘GAL‐TAN’ spectrum yielded higher excess mortality. Moreover, although we find limited evidence of elite polarization driving excess deaths on the left‐right or GAL‐TAN spectrums, partisan differences on the attitudes towards the European Union demonstrated significantly higher deaths, which we argue proxies for (anti)populism. Overall, we find that both lower citizen‐level trust and populist elite‐level ideological characteristics of regional parliaments are associated with higher excess mortality in European regions during the first wave of the pandemic.

Community Policing as a Philosophy: The Case of Pol-Der (Polis Derneği, Police Association) in Turkey

Abstract The police are different from the military and other security institutions as they hold stronger ties with society. This relationship has kept its significance throughout the history of police all around the world. Particularly starting with the 1970s, a new philosophy of policing termed ‘community policing’ or ‘community-oriented policing’ was born in consolidated Western democracies. Since the 1990s, this model has become a central model for police transformation, predominantly in developing countries. Later, this philosophy was imported to unconsolidated democracies of the Third World. This paper contends that Turkey is a compelling case for police studies as, a Turkish police association called Pol-Der was established in the 1970s and the members of Pol-Der, by declaring their ambition to become community’s police, brought forward the idea of community policing in a relatively early period of time. Despite the fact that previous research on Pol-Der discussed the political–ideological character of the organization, Pol-Der’s emphasis on community policing as a philosophy demonstrated an ambitious—but a failed—initiative to create a paradigmatic shift for policing models in Turkey.

COLLOQUIAL STYLE IN ENGLISH AND IT'S TRANSLATION PROBLEMS INTO UZBEK

Style is a reference language that has its own vocabulary, fixed combinations, sentences, and syntactic devices, and is a linguistic system that differs from other types in its internal elements, mainly expressive features. Elements of a particular style are easier to identify when they differ from other style elements. For example, the style of parables, the style of folk epics, the style of speech, the style of newspaper language, the style of office, the book style, the style of literature, the style of science, the style of science and technology, the style of publicism, the style of speech, the style of written speech style, etc. Style is a set of basic, typical ideological and artistic features of a writer's work that are repeated in his works. All of these must have their own alternatives in the translation. One cannot be replaced or substituted for another. In this article we discuss about information colloquial style in English and it's translation problems into Uzbek.

ПОЛЕВЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ОТДЕЛА РЕЛИГИОВЕДЕНИЯ ИНСТИТУТА ЭТНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ УФИМСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКОГО ЦЕНТРА РАН

This article briefly examines the history of field research by the Department of Religious Studies of the Institute of Ethnological Research of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Department of Religious Studies has conducted and is currently successfully implementing studies of various aspects of the functioning of Muslim, Orthodox, Protestant and Catholic religious organizations located both in the Republic of Bashkortostan and in the South, Middle and Polar Urals and Western Siberia; ethno-demographic, doctrinal and ideological characteristics of believers are being studied. New empirical and theoretical propositions based on the results of the original field research of the department employees are introduced into the scientific circulation; new scientific problems are revealed, new methods of collection, processing and analysis of empirical materials are being developed. The Department of Religious Studies has achieved fruitful cooperation with the largest religious organizations of both the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Russian Federation.

Хилиастический мираж Н.А. Бердяева и евразийство

The article is devoted to the problem of N. A. Berdyaev’s ambiguous and contradictory attitude to Eurasianism - the ultra-right political trend of Russian emigration in the 1920s and 1930s. The author sees the reasons for Berdyaev’s rapprochement with the Eurasians in the collapse of the religious and mystical ideal that captured the philosopher’s imagination during the First World War. Under the influence of religious excitement that seized part of the Russian intelligentsia in the pre-war period, he believed in the nearness of the end of history and the onset of the millennial Kingdom of God on earth. According to Berdyaev, Russia was called upon to fulfill its historical mission in this final act of the world drama. This role (the “Russian Idea”) was to unite the East and the West in a global religious and cultural synthesis. The revolution of 1917 destroyed Berdyaev’s eschatological ideal and forced him to radically reconsider his view. From a Christian anarchist, he turns into a statesman, a defender of conservative values and social hierarchy. During this period, his social philosophy is very close to the ideology of fascism. But fascism was a pan-European phenomenon and in each country had its own original versions. The Eurasian movement was one of the varieties of Russian fascism. Berdyaev’s political sympathies brought him closer to this movement and became the main reason for long-term cooperation with its leaders. However, the commitment to the values of individual freedom and Christian personalism as the basis of his worldview did not allow Berdyaev to go far in his passion for right-wing conservative ideas. In the late 1920s, he sharply criticized the totalitarian features of the Eurasian ideology. After the National Socialists came to power in Germany, Berdyaev gets the opportunity to compare European far-right regimes and creates a general theory of totalitarianism. In this theory, he uses Eurasian concepts and terminology. Thus, Eurasianism becomes a model for him, on the basis of which he develops his theory of totalitarianism. After the end of the Second World War, the philosopher got deeply disappointed. After the end of the Second World War, the disappointment of the philosopher was due to the failure of his hopes for a softening of the political regime in the USSR. He was again seized by gloomy forebodings of an unsuccessful end to human history. And although the hope for a favorable outcome of the struggle between good and evil did not leave Berdyaev until the end of his life, a sense of realism weakened those hopes and faith in the feasibility of the “Russian Idea”.

Research on the Methods of Enhancing the Internal Cultivation of Student Cadres

By analyzing the ideological characteristics and growth background of young college student cadres, dissecting their 
 inner growth process, this paper puts forward that we should improve their personal cultivation from the aspects of establishing a 
 diversified curriculum system in student management, enriching the ideological and moral construction of student cadres, enriching 
 the ideological and moral construction of student cadres and so on.

A QUESTION OF CHARACTER IN THE MOVIE "DUEL UNDER THE PLANE TREE"

This article analyzes the special characteristics of the film "Duel under the Plane Tree" by screenwriter Riksivoy Mukhammadjanov, which has a significant role in the development of the comedy genre in Uzbek cinema, and also examines the artistic and ideological features of the film, the achievements of its creative components and the significance in our modern cinema.

‘You Can’t Actually Escape It’: Policing the Use of Technology in Domestic Violence in Rural Australia

The abuse of technology by perpetrators of domestic violence is ‘spaceless’; however, in this article, we argue that experiences of and responses to digital coercive control are shaped by both the place (geographic location) and space (practical and ideological features of a location) that a victim/survivor and criminal justice agency occupy. We examined this issue by conducting interviews and focus groups with 13 female victim/survivors in regional, rural and remote Australia. All participants had contact with police as part of their help-seeking for domestic violence, and some suggested that officers sometimes paralleled perpetrator behaviours, resulting in a narrowing of women’s ‘space for action’. We conclude that, in the interests of protecting and empowering women, socio-spatial frameworks must be considered by practitioners and researchers, and there should be a concerted effort to expand resourcing and training for justice agencies beyond the cityscape.

Legal ideology in the context of development of the legal state and formation of the civil society in Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to investigate the essence of legal ideology in its inseparable relationship with such categories as "law", "morality" and "justice", as well as to identify new content characteristics of this concept in terms of legal integration. Research methods: the use of general scientific and special legal methods of scientific knowledge, in particular dialectical, axiological, system-structural, generalization, allowed to analyze the general trends of the influence of legal ideology on the formation of a legal state and the formation of civil society. As a result of the scientific search the content and qualitative features of legal ideology was revealed, the main directions of research of the given category were outlined and the ways to overcome the proclamation of national legal ideology in Ukraine were proposed. Legal ideology is an element of the mechanism of self-organization of the legal system, and the legal system, in turn, determines the forms of self-organization and ways of functioning of the national legal system, which integrates all legal phenomena within a particular society of the state level; the formation of legal ideology must be based on a public dialogue of power and society by implementing generally accepted democratic procedures and modern democratic methods.

Nicholas I: Personality and Epoch. Russian Historiography of the Late 20<sup>th</sup> – Early 21<sup>st</sup> Century

The article discusses methodological approaches and historiographical principles of modern Russian research on the personality and rule of Nicholas I. It analyzes the main directions of the Russian historiography of the late 20th – early 21st century concerning the Nicholas reign – the continuity and distinctive features of government reformism, state ideology and political control, military, social and economic policy, the peasant question. The authors pay much attention to scientific and biographical works about Nicholas I and the statesmen of his era. The article identifies a number of the most controversial problems of the reign – the missed transformative opportunities, the Crimean War, the illness and death of Nicholas I. The article concludes by arguing that modern historiography is characterized by a rejection of the rough and simplified division and even opposition of the first, second and third quarters of the 19th century. In most of the works carried out on the basis of various research methods, the Nicholas reign is assessed as an important stage of Russian modernization, the time when the administrative transformations of Alexander I were completed and the socio-economic and political grounds for Great Reforms were prepared.

The Cold War: A World History

The Cold War: A World History