Identical Solutions Research Articles

RSM design-based hybrid approach to multi-response optimization in milling Ti-6Al-4 V alloy: A comparative study

The Selection of appropriate process parameters in milling Ti-6Al-4 V alloy to reduce energy and power consumption while maintaining product quality and process stability is challenging. This study aims to optimize process parameters in milling Ti-6Al-4 V alloy with five primary criteria i.e., average cutting force, shear stress, specific cutting energy, power consumption, and average surface roughness. A total of 26 experimental tests was carried out with the variation of process parameters such as cutting speed (m/min), feed rate (mm/min), and depth of cut (mm) based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) matrix of response surface method (RSM) under dry and high-pressure cooling (HPC). The criteria importance through the inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) method was used to determine the relative weights of each response. At the same time, the evaluation of optimum process parameters was done by hybrid multi-response optimization (MRO) techniques such as complex proportional assessment (CRITIC-COPRAS), additive ratio assessment (CRITIC-ARAS), combined compromise solution (CRITIC-COCOSO) and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solutions (CRITIC-TOPSIS). After the evaluation, a cutting speed of 32 m/min, feed rate of 22 mm/min, and 0.75 mm depth of cut with HPC were selected as the optimum process parameters. Due to the lack of an identical solution, the sensitivity of the used MRO methods was checked out with the weight variation of the selected criteria. TOPSIS was noticed as the most robust MRO method with less sensitivity. Spearman’s Correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation among the used hybrid MRO methods.

An efficient mCK signing and mobile based identity solution for authentication

An efficient mCK signing and mobile based identity solution for authentication

Toward Trusted and Swift UAV Communication: ISAC-Enabled Dual Identity Mapping

The UAV network has recently emerged as a capable carrier for ubiquitous wireless intelligent communication in the B5G/6G era. Nevertheless, the separation of dual identity raises challenges from the perspective of communication efficiency and security, including tedious communication feedback and malicious Sybil attacks. Meanwhile, thanks to the emerging integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology, the sensing ability incorporated in communication advances crucial opportunities for accurately and efficiently mapping identity from dual domains. This tutorial discusses the exciting intersection of ISAC and the future intelligent and efficient UAV network. We first describe the motivation scenario and present the framework of the proposed novel ISAC-enabled dual identity solution. The detailed modules of identity production, mapping, management, and authentication are discussed. By endowing UAVs with an advanced capability: opening their eyes when communicating with each other, we detail three typical applications and the advantages of our proposal. Finally, a series of key enabling techniques, open challenges, and potential solutions for ISAC-enabled dual-domain identity are discussed. This tutorial for the intelligent and efficient UAV network brings new insight on providing dual-domain identity via ISAC technology, with an eye on trusted and swift communication research tailored for the 6G UAV network.

Determination of inorganic As, DMA and MMA in marine and terrestrial tissue samples: a consensus extraction approach

Environmental context Arsenic can be found in all environmental compartments in a large number of chemical forms of varying toxicity. We performed an inter-laboratory comparison study focusing on quantitation of some of the most toxic arsenic forms in seven different biological materials and found very good agreement among the submitted results. Certification of the studied materials will provide suitable quality control samples for environmentally relevant concentrations of arsenic in food products and biota.Rationale Arsenic (As) speciation analysis in biological matrices has been performed for several decades; however, there are very few matrix certified reference materials available for the validation of analytical methods. The literature data on the mass fractions of As species in the existing certified reference materials are inconsistent and suggest method extraction dependency.Methodology In the present study, an international round-robin study was organised to identify the possible sources of discrepancies in quantitation of several As species in different matrices of biological reference materials: one plant tissue, three marine and three terrestrial biological tissues. Each participating laboratory was provided with a set of identical calibration standard solutions, and analysed the samples by following a common group extraction method as well as using an in-house protocol.Results The results showed that significant biases can be introduced by insufficient verification of the analyte’s mass fractions in the calibration standard solutions. The choice of extraction method seems to have very little impact on the quantitation of As species in the studied plant and terrestrial biological tissues. However, following a prescribed extraction method led to significant reduction of uncertainties in more complex samples such as marine animal tissues.Discussion Some differences in the mass fractions of As species extracted from marine animal tissues in water (with and without H2O2) were observed and should be further investigated. Despite the variety of extraction methods used, very good agreement between reported mass fractions was achieved and the combined consensus values will be published as certified reference values of As species in the studied materials.

NEW VARIETY TYPES OF SOLUTION TO THE FUJIMOTO-WATANABLE EQUATION WITH THE CORRESPONDING NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS

In this article, new variety types of exact solution to the Fujimoto-Watanable- equation (FWE) that equivalent to the modified Korteweg- de Vries- equation have been derived. These new types of solutions which weren’t realized before by any other technique have been established in the framework of the Ricatti-Bernolli Sub-ODE method (RBSODM). Also, the identical numerical solutions whose initial conditions are emerged from the achieved exact solutions have been constructed by using the famous numerical variational iteration method (VIM).

When blockchain meets IoT: a comparison of the performance of communication protocols in a decentralized identity solution for IoT using blockchain

When blockchain meets IoT: a comparison of the performance of communication protocols in a decentralized identity solution for IoT using blockchain

Trope Mental Causation: Still Not Qua Mental

A popular solution to the causal exclusion problem in the non-reductive physicalist camp is the trope identity solution. But this solution is haunted by the “quausation problem” which charges that the trope only confers causal powers qua physical, not qua mental. Although proponents of the trope solution have responded to the problem by denying the existence of properties of tropes, I do not find their reply satisfactory. Rather, I believe they have missed the core presupposition behind the quausation problem. I will argue that the presupposition is the generalist notion of causation. Then, for the trope theorists to solve the quausation problem, they need to abandon the generalist notion and adopt the singularist notion of causation. However, making that move will lead them to a new quausation problem, rendering irreducible mental types causally irrelevant and mental causal explanations reducible. Either adopting a generalist notion or a singularist notion of causation, a quausation problem awaits the trope solution. Given this dilemma, my conclusion is that the trope identity solution cannot solve the exclusion problem in a non-reductive way. Moreover, the dilemma can be generalized, showing that token physicalism is a shaky position.

GENDER AND LEADERSHIP RESPONSE IN COVID-19

The study attempts to uncover the gendered construction and understanding of subjects of politics and leadership. It argues that mainstream construction of Covid-19 leadership response as, ‘success of femininity’ and ‘failure of masculinity’ encapsulates naturalisation of ‘essentialist gendered understanding’ of subjects of politics andleadership. By applying theoretical and methodological framework of post-positivist feminist traditions and identity theory, the paper tends to contextualise the origin, source and objectives of gendered lens that juxtaposes femininity with politics and leadership. In essence, the article underscores that a political agents’ leadership response to Covid-19 is a manifestation of his or her social and discursive identities, agent’s understanding of their placement within power hierarchies and internationalisation of ‘essentialist gendered identities’ and argues in favour of reworking political assumptions and identity solutions to construct gender-neutral discourses in politics and leadership.

The eIDAS Regulation: A Survey of Technological Trends for European Electronic Identity Schemes

The eIDAS regulation aims to provide an interoperable European framework to enable EU citizens to authenticate and communicate with services of other Member States by using their national electronic identity. While a number of high-level requirements (e.g., related to privacy and security) are established to make interoperability among Member States possible, the eIDAS regulation does not explicitly specify the technologies that can be adopted during the development phase to meet the requirements as mentioned earlier. To the best of our knowledge, there is no work available in the literature investigating the technological trends within the notified eIDAS electronic identity schemes used by Member States. To fill this gap, this paper analyzes how the different technological trends of notified schemes satisfy the requirements of the eIDAS regulation. To do this, we define a set of research questions that allow us to investigate the correlations between different design dimensions such as security, privacy, and usability. Based on these findings, we provide a set of lessons learned that would be valuable to the security community, as they can provide useful insights on how to more efficiently protect interoperable national digital identities. Furthermore, we provide a brief overview regarding the new eIDAS regulation (eIDAS 2.0) that aims to provide a more privacy-preserving electronic identity solution by moving from a centralized approach to a decentralized one.

The Digital Maze Test (dMaze) Reveals Subtle Decision‐Making Difficulties in MCI: Hurrying to Keep Up?

AbstractBackgroundTraditional Maze tests are time‐consuming and insensitive to early AD cognitive changes. We combine behavior capture using a digitizing pen with novel test design to produce person‐centric/relative metrics that disembed cognitive from motor speeds. This enables comparison of complex decision‐making behavior across difficulty levels within a single test. We compare traditional measures with our person‐centric/relative measures.MethodParticipants were healthy (HC = 22), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI = 37), Alzheimer’s (AD = 39), and Parkinson’s (PD = 43) volunteers (N = 141). Diagnosis was determined by consensus using standard of care data (neuropsychological/neurological evaluations, MRI and DAT scans). Participant groups differed in age: HC (52.27) younger than PD (64.07), MCI (75.05) and AD (75.38) oldest. Groups differed in the expected direction for DCTclock and MoCA scores.The dMaze test contains a path‐following condition without choice points, followed by a choice (CH) condition with identical solution paths/motor demands. CH contains simple and complex choices. Relative measures use the participant’s overall speed to normalize within‐test speed deviations. We examined: Total Time (TTime) to completion, Max motor speed (MaxSpd) and Median speed (MedSpd), Choice point Average Speed (AveSpd) and Relative Average Speed (rAveSpd).ResultTTime in seconds differentiated (p = .001) AD (141.24) from HC (52.98) and PD (77.35), not MCI (103.16). MaxSpd was slowest (p = .004) for HC (59.82mm/sec) compared to all clinical groups (MCI = 76.71mm/sec, PD = 77.11, AD = 85.52). Groups did not differ for MedSpd or choice point AveSpd. Simple choice point rAveSpd differentiated only AD (p = .001) from HC, PD & MCI. Complex choice point rAveSpd differentiated HC from MCI (p = .05) and AD (p = .001). HC and PD did not differ, suggesting simple motor speed did not account for ink speed differences.ConclusionFast completion time despite slow maximum speed and relative average speed across choice points suggests HC use a modulated approach balancing speed and task difficulty. MCI faster relative maximum speed (hurrying) with completion time similar to HC, suggests a less well‐modulated approach. Relative speed differences for more complex choices may be sensitive to preclinical cognitive change even when total completion time is not. The ability to precisely measure and parse person‐centric motor and cognitive test behaviors provides opportunity to improve preclinical detection, disease monitoring and treatment efficacy.

A branch-and-bound algorithm for the unit-capacity resource constrained project scheduling problem with transfer times

We study a project scheduling problem where unit-capacity resources and transfer times are involved, and propose a branch-and-bound algorithm to solve it. In the problem, each resource is unique and the time on transferring resources between activities is nonnegligible. The aim is to find a feasible solution consisting of a vector of activity start times and a resource transfer plan so that the project makespan is minimized. Our branch-and-bound algorithm uses a branching scheme to branch over all eligible activities to be scheduled at each node, and a scheduling method to decide the start time of next activity, which must be feasible and no earlier than the start time of the last scheduled activity. Based on the combination of the branching scheme and the scheduling method, five effective dominance rules are designed to speed up the exploration of the branch-and-bound tree. With the dominance rules, multiple identical solutions at different nodes are avoided and a large number of unpromising nodes are pruned. At each node, two lower bounds are computed, and an upper bound is produced by a heuristic using a series of priority rules. Extensive computational experiments are conducted on the benchmark instances of the problem. The results show that our exact algorithm performs significantly better than solving the existing mathematical models for the problem using either CPLEX or CP Optimizer.

Korporatiewe identiteit van organisasies

Millions are spent each year by organisations in every part of the world on planning, projecting and changing corporate identities. Very little is done however to understand the underlying phenomenon. It is essential therefore first to examine the nature and characteristics of corporate identity before analysing it. Problems in researching corporate identity and possible solutions will also be discussed in this paper.

Analysis of Two-Dimensional Heat Transfer Problem Using the Boundary Integral Equation

In this paper, we examine the problem of two-dimensional heat equations with certain initial and boundary conditions being considered. In a two-dimensional heat transport problem, the boundary integral equation technique was applied. The problem is expressed by an integral equation using the fundamental solution in Green’s identity. In this study, we transform the boundary value problem for the steady-state heat transfer problem into a boundary integral equation and drive the solution of the two-dimensional heat transfer problem using the boundary integral equation for the mixed boundary value problem by using Green’s identity and fundamental solution.

NMR Crystallographic Approach to Study the Variation of the Dynamics of Quinine and Its Quasienantiomer Quinidine

The structure and dynamics of quinine and its quasienantiomer quinidine were studied at the atomic resolution by measuring the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensor and site-specific spin–lattice relaxation time. For quinine, there are three crystallographically independent molecules “a”, “b”, and “c” in an asymmetric unit since its 13C CP-MAS SSNMR spectrum features three distinct resonance peaks for certain carbon nuclei. The 13C assignments are fulfilled by DFT calculations. The experimental 13C isotropic chemical shifts well match the calculated values. These variations of isotropic chemical shift for three independent molecules are also observed by two-dimensional 13C–1H heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy (HETCOR) of quinine. The spin–lattice relaxation time, and the principal components of CSA parameters are also varied substantially for certain carbon nuclei of “a”, “b”, and “c” molecules. For quinidine, its 13C CP-MAS SSNMR spectrum is remarkably different from that of quinine despite, their almost identical solution NMR spectra. Furthermore, the remarkable change in the structure and dynamics of quasienantiomers are also observed including the steric effect of the substituent vinyl group, the variation of helical motifs, and the variation of the strength of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The variation of the structure and dynamics of quasienantiomers are thoroughly studied by solid-state NMR measurements. These types of studies will enrich the field of NMR crystallography.

Stokes-Cahn-Hilliard formulation in sliding bi-periodic frames for the simulation of two-phase flows

A direct numerical simulation technique is proposed in this study for droplet emulsions in simple shear flow in Newtonian-Newtonian liquid systems. We combine the sliding bi-periodic frame with the diffuse interface method in the finite element framework to treat the multi-drop problem without wall effects. We employ the standard velocity-pressure formulation in a creeping regime and the diffuse interface method with the Galerkin weak formulation. Sliding bi-periodic frame constraints are implemented by Lagrangian multiplier. The results are presented for the morphological development of a single drop, two drops, and multiple drops in a sliding bi-periodic frame. To preserve the identical solution for a given relative configuration of droplets (with different droplet locations) within the context of the bi-periodic frame, a phase-translation method is proposed. The method corrects the inconsistency in the time integration, which yields discrepancy in flow solution particularly for problems with thin interfaces. By applying this procedure, accurate solutions for a thin interface are obtained regardless of location of the identical relative configuration of droplets. The effect of phase-field translation is also analyzed for the coalescence of two drops. For the first time, the sliding bi-periodic frame has been implemented with the combination of the standard finite element method and the diffuse interface method, which can be easily extended to more complex rheological liquids to solve industrially important problems.

Efficient Bayesian Optimization of Industrial-Scale Pressure-Vacuum Swing Adsorption Processes for CO2 Capture

The design of adsorption systems for separation of CO2/N2 in carbon capture applications is notoriously challenging because it requires constrained multiobjective optimization to determine appropriate combinations of a moderately large number of system operating parameters. The status quo in the literature is to use the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to solve the design problem. This approach requires 1000s of time-consuming process simulations to find the Pareto front of the problem, meaning it can take days of computational time to obtain a solution. As an alternative approach, we have employed a Bayesian optimization algorithm, the Thompson sampling efficient multiobjective optimization (TSEMO). For constrained productivity/energy usage optimization, we find that the TSEMO algorithm is able to find an essentially identical solution to the design problem as that found using NSGA-II, while requiring 14 times less computational time. We have used the TSEMO algorithm to design a postcombustion carbon capture system for a 1000 MW coal fired power plant using two adsorbent materials, zeolite 13X and ZIF-36-FRL. Although ZIF-36-FRL showed promising process-scale performance in previous studies, we find that the industrial-scale performance is inferior to the benchmark zeolite 13X, requiring a 21% greater cost per tonne of CO2 captured. Finally, we have also tested the performance of the Bayesian design framework when coupled with a data-driven machine learning process modeling framework. In this instance, we find that the incumbent NSGA-II offers better computational performance than the Bayesian approach by a factor of 3.

The arrest and recession dynamics of a deflating hydraulic fracture in a permeable elastic medium in a state of plane strain

We investigate the deflation dynamics of a fluid-driven fracture in a permeable elastic medium in a state of plane strain after fluid injection has ceased. Depending on the leak-off characteristics of the porous medium and the volume of injected fluid retained in the fracture at the time of shut-in, the fracture may start to recede almost immediately or continue to propagate till it arrests when the stress intensity factor drops below the fracture toughness. While occupying the arrest footprint, the fracture continues to deflate while the stress intensity factor decreases due to fluid loss to the porous medium. When the stress intensity factor drops to zero, the fracture starts the process of recession, which continues until it finally collapses. To establish a rigorous numerical scheme to explore the deflation dynamics of plane strain hydraulic fractures, we use recently established vertex and multiscale tip asymptotes for arrested and receding hydraulic fractures (Peirce and Detournay, 2022), including the r-vertex linear tip aperture asymptote wˆ∼xˆ for a receding hydraulic fracture and the stationary g-vertex asymptote wˆ∼xˆ3/4. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the multiscale asymptotes are required in order to achieve solutions that remain smooth through the arrest–recession transition point. In contrast, numerical solutions, obtained by only using vertex solutions to model the arrest and recession, exhibit jump discontinuities through this transition point. However, once the transients from these jump discontinuities have decayed the numerical schemes that use vertex and multiscale asymptotes yield almost identical solutions. A scaling analysis shows the existence of asymptotic power law behaviour for various quantities, such as the arrest time, in terms of two new dimensionless parameters. Finally, numerical solutions explore the dependence on the two dimensionless parameters of the arrest time, the duration of the arrest period, and the duration of the recession phase and confirm their asymptotic power law behaviours.

Reconstruction of Tectonic Stresses by Different Methods of Jointing Analysis (as the Example of the Morskoi Fault Zone in Cisbaikalia)

Abstract —Complex analysis of jointing in the Morskoi fault zone rocks (Cisbaikalia) has been carried out to compare two principally different methods of tectonophysical reconstruction of paleostress tectonic field, by geologic-structural data. A new approach to the paragenetic analysis of statistic measurements for ‘mute’ joints has been used; this approach makes it possible to reconstruct the stress state in the local rock exposure and to understand whether it belongs to the fault zone of a certain morphogenetic type and orientation. The second approach to reconstruct the stress filed is the Angelier–Delvaux kinematic analysis, which allows us to calculate the stress tensor and determine the stress regime, based on the analysis of strike-slip vectors on joints. Using the two methods we obtained the stress state solutions of local and regional levels for the study area. The paragenetic analysis gave twice as many local solutions for the same number of observation points. This is due to different environments of the formation of jointing sets and slickenlines in time (stages of fault zone evolution) and space (closeness to the fault plane). Most of the local solutions of the kinematic analysis coincide with the identical solutions of the paragenetic method on the stress state of the first or second orders. We obtained by an order of magnitude more ‘new’ (not repeated in the other method) paragenetic solutions than kinematic ones. At the next hierarchic level, the paragenetic analysis made it possible to reconstruct the stress field and fault zones of a higher rank. The results of both methods involve several stages of tectonic evolution of the rock massif. The identical regional stress fields reconstructed by different methods seem to belong to one stage. The studied fragment of the Morskoi fault, according to both methods, was activated in the three most intensively pronounced settings: compression, left-lateral strike-slip, and extension. Strike-slip stresses are concentrated closer to the fault plane. Moreover, we also revealed submeridional extension and NW compression. The results of the stress field reconstruction using the two methods are compatible and, in general, successfully complement and justify each other; however, the paragenetic method gives more numerous and variable solutions, resulting in the transition to the regional level and construction of the map for the study area fault zones. Complex application of both methods is recommended.

A multi-machine scheduling solution for homogeneous processing: Asymptotic approximation and applications

In the context of job scheduling in parallel machines, we present a class of binary programs for the minimization of the τ-norm of completion time variances (a flexible measure of homogeneity in multi-machine job processing). Building on overlooked properties of the min completion time variance in a single machine and on an equivalent bilevel formulation, our approach provides asymptotic approximations (with quadratic convergence) in the form of lower and upper bounds. While resulting in almost identical solutions, these bounds can be computed more efficiently than the original τ-norm minimization problem. Further, dominance properties are enforced as linear constraints to improve the characterization of the exact solutions by these asymptotic approximations. On the empirical side, the proposed methodology is applied to three real contexts of processing services: nursing home management, IT troubleshooting service, and 311 call centers. Our numerical studies reveal that the proposed lower bound problem can be solved in less than one third of computation time, in comparison to the exact problem, while resulting in almost identical jobs sequences. Additionally, considering large-scale simulated instances with up to 450 jobs, our upper bound problem outperforms the state-of-the-art heuristic method in terms of solution quality in 100% of the analyzed instances.

Electromagnetic Waves in Maxwell’s Theory

The description of a plane traveling electromagnetic wave existing in the physical literature by identical solutions of wave equations for the strengths of electric and magnetic fields is physically incorrect, since such solutions contradict the physical meaning of Maxwell’s equations and violate the energy conservation law. The paper gives a physically correct description of electromagnetic waves in the framework of Maxwell’s theory. New solutions of Maxwell’s wave equations for traveling electromagnetic wave are proposed, in which the strength of its electric and magnetic components change in time with shifts of a quarter of the period and a quarter of the wavelength along coordinate. The solutions describe a traveling electromagnetic wave, in which the energy of the electrical component is sequentially converted into the energy of the magnetic component and vice versa; the total energy density of the lossless wave remains constant in space at any time; the mutual orientation of the intensity vectors of the electric, magnetic fields and phase velocity changes from a left-handed three to a right-handed three every quarter of the wavelength; the energy flux density of the traveling wave is described by the Umov vector. It is shown that the formation of a standing electromagnetic wave does not require the loss of half a wave of one of the components of the wave reflected at the interface between the media. In a standing wave, the total energy density remains constant in time, but it is a function of coordinates: there are points in space where the total energy density of the wave at any time is zero – these are nodes, and there are points where it has a maximum value – these are antinodes. Due to the inhomogeneity of the distribution of the total energy density of the wave in space, a standing electromagnetic wave cannot be considered as a harmonic oscillator, but a lossless traveling electromagnetic wave can.