Identity In Diaspora Research Articles

Nigerians beyond the Borders: Construction and Sustenance of a National Identity in Diaspora

Nigerians beyond the Borders: Construction and Sustenance of a National Identity in Diaspora

Korean americans: the genesis of diasporic and ethnic identities

Western and domestic researchers admit that ethnic identity is a complex and multifaceted social phenomenon, which is characterized by an individual’s (group’s) awareness of their belonging to a particular ethnic community, understanding, evaluating and experiencing their membership in it. Ethnicity in the United States, depending on what race a person belongs to, can be flexible and voluntary, or it can be something real and imposed by social and political factors. The diaspora community model appears as a real group adaptation strategy. However, not every ethnic group has the ability to create a diaspora, but only an ethnic group which is resistant to assimilation can. The sense of ethnicity for Korean Americans is an important factor that hinders assimilation. Ethnicity is the most significant characteristic of the diaspora. The Korean diaspora in America is represented by first, 1.5, and, to a lesser extent, second generation immigrants. In the diaspora, ethnic identity is manifested in rigidly fixed blood and cultural ties. This is a constant predetermined from birth, and not a result of a choice. Although the family is an important social institution in the formation of the ethnic identity of Koreans, one cannot but agree that the main social institution that plays a significant role in the formation of diaspora identity is the Korean Christian churches. Today, the Korean American community is in the process of diasporaization and has the characteristics of a “new” or “modern” diaspora. Key words: Korean diaspora in the United States, Korean Americans, diaspora, ethnic identity, diasporic identity.

Thinking diaspora diplomacy after Russia’s war in Ukraine

ABSTRACT Reflecting upon the implications of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine for the theorization of ‘diaspora diplomacy’, this Provocation uses the concept to frame the conflict and the ensuing power plays. The extent of global community involvement requires the existing diaspora diplomacy definition to account for ‘quadratic nexus’ configuration of ‘home’ and ‘host’ country, respective diasporas and international actor engagement in diaspora diplomacy practice. In reviewing the conflict, and the current response, four themes emerge as central to the ‘quadratic nexus’ configuration and deserving further attention: the politics of labelling, the dynamics of engagement, third-party diasporas and diaspora identities in diaspora diplomacy.

“To Make It Belong to Who I Was, to Who I Became”: Atom Egoyan’s Ararat and Symbiogenesis among the Diaspora of the Armenian Genocide

ABSTRACT In Canadian-Armenian director Atom Egoyan’s film about the Armenian genocide, Mount Ararat is more than a symbol; as the titular character, it assumes a dynamic role. Indeed, Mount Ararat has historically played a co-constitutive part in the production of Armenian identity. The Armenian genocide threatened to sever symbiogenesis, the process of becoming together, between the mountain and its people. This symbiogenesis is captured in Ararat, which shows members of the diaspora grappling with the difficulty of accessing the sacred mountain, as well as lost territories in western Armenia/eastern Turkey, conveying what this deterritorialization means to their lives as displaced Armenians living in Canada. Through his representation of the contested landscape around Mount Ararat, Egoyan demonstrates that attending to this symbiogenetic relationship has significant implications for thinking through questions of diaspora identity, redress, and truth in the aftermath of the Armenian genocide.

Toyin Falola and Akintunde Akinyemi (Eds). Encyclopedia of the Yoruba. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2016. 371pp.

Encyclopedia of the Yoruba is a single-volume encyclopedia that is comprised of 285 entries of short essays written by 188 authors who are predominantly scholars and academic researchers from Africa, Europe and North America. The different word-ranges of the essays vary from 1000 words (for 78 entries) to 750 words (for 88 entries) and 500 words (for 119 entries). Across these entries, the encyclopedia gives a complex, yet detailed, presentation of the Yorùbá, a dominant ethnic group in West Africa and the most prominent African cultural population, identity and presence in the African diaspora including North America, the Caribbean and South America. It presents the Yorùbá with respect to their involvements in, and interactions with, different sociocultural experiences, practices and expressions by “emphasizing the peculiarities, features, and commonalities of the people” (xi). Following an alphabetical ordering, each entry in the encyclopedia is complete on its own as it examines and discusses a subject, subject matter, concept or topic that shares an affiliation with the Yorùbá world in time (the traditional past in all its distant and intricate temporal dimensions and the modern present in all its complex interrelations) and/or space (Yoruba homes across West Africa and the African diaspora. Such concentrations of the entry include persons/personalities, demographics, worldviews and cosmological values and elements, and several material and non-material aspects of the Yorùbá culture and folklore, and their corresponding affiliates. It is important to add that the completeness of the entries is considerably informed by the suitability of the word-ranges used. It is commendable that 358 Ibrahim A. Odugbemi the editors are able to determine the word-range that fits the discourse of every entry and the authors are also able to conform. By writing across the various word-limits, the authors have been able to give adequate information about their subjects of discussion. Each word-limit is moderate enough to convey the basic information on the subject or topic of every entry.

Language attitudes, practices and identity in the new Lithuanian diaspora

After the changes in the socio-political situation in many countries of Eastern and Central Europe in the last decade of the 20th century, these countries experienced a major growth of emigration. In the context of the European Union, Lithuania is one of the countries that has faced the highest rates of emigration. The quick and somewhat sporadic emigration mainly for economic reasons is of interest both to linguists and language policy makers in order to support and give guidelines for the maintenance of the heritage language and identity. This paper deals with the data of the new post-Soviet wave of Lithuanian emigrants analysing the language behaviour and language attitudes. The aim is to look into the issues of language attitudes, practices and identity through the tripartite theoretical model - beliefs, emotions and declared language practices - of this wave and to compare it to the overall context of Lithuanian diaspora. The data analysed in this paper has been collected using quantitative (online surveys) and qualitative methods (in-depth interviews) in two research projects in the Lithuanian diaspora in 2011-2017. The main focus is on the use of the heritage Lithuanian language in various domains (home, community, friendship, church), comparing the use of Lithuanian by the post-Soviet emigrants with the language behaviour of the emigrants of earlier emigration waves. The results show equally positive beliefs and affective attitudes of the post-Soviet emigrants compared to previous waves, but a different language behaviour especially when comparing to the emigrants of the end of World War II.

Post-Soviet diasporas in the age of the internet

This article examines the impact of recent developments in the diasporas of post-Soviet nationalities during the early 21st century. Its authors argue that new information technologies have a major impact on the creation of identities in diasporas, their interaction with the host countries and the historical homeland, as well as the social adaptation of migrants. Focusing on the evolution of expatriate communities in Russia and its Near Abroad, they point out that these diasporas use the Internet to promote common historical, cultural and civilizational values. The article goes on to analyze the information policies of ethnic and cultural organizations, the integration of intellectual elites of post-Soviet diasporas into scientific and educational institutions, the impact of digital technologies on the business activity of diasporas, the daily life of migrant workers, as well as the participation of diasporas in international culture and public diplomacy. The authors conclude that modern means of communicating information have created a fundamentally new environment for migration flows and the creation of diasporas in the post-Soviet space and around the world. Today, this trend plays an important role in economic and cultural integration and social development of Eurasia.

A Change in Diaspora Identity in the Post-Corona Era Based on Spatiality

본 연구는 재미교포3세의 심층인터뷰를 통해서 1970년대의 조부모의 이민에서 시작하여 삶의 터를 잡기까지의50여년에 걸친 3세대의 재미교포 디아스포라(diaspora)의 삶을 장소담론으로 탐색하고자 했다. 특히 이주국가에동화되었다고 생각하는 3세대 Y의 팬데믹에 겪은 일련의 사건으로 인한 극심한 정체성 혼란, 모국으로의 여행 등을 통해 이푸 투안의 토포필리아(topophilia)와 미셸 푸코의 헤테로토피아(heterotopia)와 관련지어 풀어가고자했다. 이는 공간과 장소의 의미를 확장하여 모국의 정치적 역할의 중요성을 환기시키면서 다른 지평의 확장을 탐색하려는 의도이다. 연구 방법은 재미교포 3세의 심층면접을 택했다. 주제와 관련된 심층면접은 스토리의 내러티브를 이끌어내는 방법 중 하나인 서사면접을 적극 활용했다. ‘3장 이주하는 사람들’에서는 ‘3.1. 토포폴리아를 찾아서’, ‘3.2. 코로나바이러스19 팬데믹: 익숙한 장소에서 낯선 공간으로’, ‘3.3. 모국이라는 공간’으로 구성하였다. 그리하여 모국에서도 이주국가에서도 여전히 경계인으로 살아야 하는 한 개인의 서사를 통해 국가(모국)의 적극적인 역할을 모색하는 것은 물론, 한국 또한 인종주의에서 자유로울 수 없는 현실에 비추어 다인종 사회로 나아가면서도 이분법적인 폭력성으로 점철된 이 시대를 돌아보는 계기를 마련하고자 했다. 본 연구의 아쉬운 점은 지극히한 개인의 내러티브이기에 보편적인 재미교포의 표본이라고 할 수 없다.This study aims to explore the lives of the third generation Korean-American diaspora throughan in-depth interview with the third generation of Korean-Americans in the 1970s, starting withthe immigration of their grandparents in the said year and establishing over 50 years of life. Inparticular, through the extreme identity confusion caused by the series of events experienced bythe pandemic of the third generation Y, that is thought to have been assimilated into the immigrantcountry, the topophilia of Yi-Fu Tuan and the heterotopia of Michel Foucault will unravel it. Thisis intended to expand the meaning of place and space, to remind the importance of the politicalrole of the home country, and to explore the expansion of other horizons. As a research method, an in-depth interview with the third generation of Korean-Americanswas chosen. For the in-depth interview, the narrative interview, which is a way to draw out thenarrative of the story related to the topic, was actively used. In ‘Chapter 3 Migrants’, ‘3.1. In Searchof topophilia’, ‘3.2. Coronavirus 19 Pandemic: From Familiar Places to Unfamiliar Places’, ‘3.3. Itis composed of ‘a space called home country’. Thus, in view of the reality that Korea cannot be freed from racism, as well as seeking theactive role of the state (home country) through the narrative of an individual who still has to liveas a border liner in both the home country and the country of immigrants, the violence ofdiscrimination while advancing toward a multiracial society, we wanted to provide an opportunityto look back on this pervasive era. Finally, the limitations of this study are extremely personalnarratives, so it is not a sample of a typical Korean American.

Who is the Diaspora? The Negotiation of Diasporic Identities in the Romanian Online Political Discourse

Drawing on an interdisciplinary framework based on critical and pragmatic discourse analysis, this study investigates the way Romanian politicians negotiate the identity of the Romanian diaspora on their Facebook pages. It also points out to the way discourse is used to introduce and (de)legitimize political decisions and actions. The topic is analyzed in different political and social contexts: the presidential elections in 2014 and 2019, the Euro-parliamentary elections in 2019, and the crisis generated by the comeback of the Romanians abroad as a result of the corona-virus pandemics in 2020. The results of the study show that the diaspora is part of the political discourse as a topic mainly during electoral periods, which are more heavily stake driven. The subject of the diaspora was approached by political actors in a strategic manner, starting from their communication project and the political outcome they were aiming for. The paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge on strategies of constructing diasporic identities in the political discourse. The paper also illustrates spe-cific and emergent strategies of diasporic identity construction in different political and social contexts in a social media environment.

THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVING THE ETHNIC IDENTITY OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA IN BRAZIL

Problem setting. The Ukrainian diaspora in Brazil is one of the most remoted ethnic entity. Having a difficult history of emigration, Ukrainians have integrated quite well into the life of this country, but still managed to preserve its culture, language and traditions. The study of this phenomenon will help to clarify the conditions and factors that allowed Brazilian Ukrainians not to lose its mental connection with their homeland and to represent its nation with dignity outside Ukraine.
 Recent research and publications analysis. Various aspects of the phenomenon of the diaspora, as well as its history, place and significance in socio-economic, cultural and political life are studied by the following researchers: M. Astvartatsurova, V. Yevtukh, W. Safran, G. Sheffer and others. Issues of the Brazilian diaspora are considered by: O. Borushenko, I. Zakrevs’ka, I. Sushinska and others. Problems of national (ethnic) identity are the subject of search of such scientists as L. Bielovetska, M. Voronina, S. Sidorenko, E. Smith and others.
 Paper object. The aim of the article is to study the conditions and factors of preserving the ethnic identity of the Ukrainian diaspora in Brazil, as well as to clarify the role of religion, education, language in its provision.
 Paper main body. Today, the diaspora can be defined as an ethnic community that arises outside their homeland due to various migrations, and, due to unwillingness (or impossibility) to fully assimilate in non-ethnic societies, retains its ethnic identity (culture, language, traditions, etc.). In order to preserve, reproduce and develop, the diaspora creates certain institutions that consolidate its position and ensure interaction with the country of residence and the country of origin. 
 One of the key features in understanding the diaspora is ethnic identity, which is defined as an individual's identification with a particular nation, awareness of their belonging to a national community based on a set of characteristics (territory, citizenship, language, mentality, temperament, history, culture, religion, common interests, aspirations, goals, ideals, needs, etc.), which fundamentally distinguish this nation from other similar groups. All these characteristics are inherent in one of the most remoted ethnic communities - the Ukrainian diaspora in Brazil, which is also one of the oldest (dates back to the late nineteenth century). And quite numerous (according to various estimates from 600,000 to 1,000,000 people).
 What helps Brazilian Ukrainians not to lose, to preserve their national identity far beyond its historical homeland?
 Factors that determined the formation of the ethnic identity of the Ukrainian diaspora in Brazil are, first of all, the challenges and threats that united immigrants from Ukraine, and secondly, the territory of their compact coexistence (southeastern Brazil). An important factor in the formation and preservation of ethnic identity in Brazil is the church, that historically unites Ukrainian community. An indisputable role in preserving Ukrainian identity belongs to the native school in Brazil. From the first years, Ukrainian settlers began to take care of a place where their children could get at least primary education. Today, Brazil has a network of Sunday and Saturday schools, as well as private Ukrainian schools. An indicator of ethnic identity is the language for the study of which a favorable policy has been introduced in Brazil: there are courses in the Ukrainian language and literature; created conditions for free teaching of the Ukrainian language as a foreign language in public schools located in places of compact residence of ethnic Ukrainians. A number of cultural and public societies, which appeared at the end of the 19th century, play a significant role in preserving Ukrainian identity in Brazil and they are still functioning. Brazil is actively developing Ukrainian-language media, including Internet resources, on which Brazilians of Ukrainian origin promote and propagate Ukrainian culture.
 Conclusions of the research. Ukrainians have been quite successful in integrating in Brazil, taking a worthy place in its socio-economic and socio-political life, but at the same time they have been able to preserve their national identity. Certain factors contributed to the creation of a fairly large and authoritative Ukrainian diaspora in Brazil, which is characterized by its ethnic identity. The church, which supports and provides spiritual guidance, plays a significant role in preserving the identity of Ukrainian migrants; a school that provides education and upbringing of new generations; created socio-political and cultural associations that help to socialize in a non-ethnic society and at the same time cultivate their national traditions.

Reconceptualization of National Spaces: A Close Reading of Bharati Mukherjee’s selected novels with Gloria Anzaldúa´s Nueva Conciencia Mestiza

In 1997, Bharati Mukherjee, a renowned diaspora woman writer, stated in an interview, “I am an American, not an Asian American.” Since then, she has been virulently attacked for defining herself as an American by the writers of her original homeland and her diaspora compatriots. However, with this statement, Mukherjee challenged the diaspora writing and took a solid move to redefine the diaspora through her life and novels. Her novels also considered her autobiographical notes, demonstrate a new diaspora identity that is fluid and transforming. Her latest diaspora writing has challenged the quintessential diaspora identity, gender structure, definition of home, and host land. The paper will do a close reading of her four novels, The Tiger’s Daughters (1971), wife (1975), Jasmine (1989), and Desirable Daughters (2002), to see the transition from being a Bengali Indian expatriate in Canada, Asian American to American Immigrant. In the paper, her four novels are divided into two phases- expatriate and immigrant, which show different writing styles, different psychology behind the narration, and transition in her definition of the nation. This discussion will employ the theory of Nueva Conciencia Mestiza given by Gloria Anzaldúa to comprehend the reconceptualization of national spaces from the perspective of diaspora women.

‘Being the culture’ and ‘playing the culture’: Choro and the Brazilianness performed in Brussels

Choro is an instrumental Brazilian music genre that emerged in Rio de Janeiro in the nineteenth century. It can adopt various forms with a basis of guitar, flute and cavaquinho – the latter, a small guitar of Portuguese origin. Musical arrangements are normally elaborate, although in Brazil the players gather in usually informal and open settings, in indoors or outdoors formations called rodas (‘circles’). Following the customs of many Brazilian genres, players sit in a circle facing each other, the audience stands around and, occasionally, skilled couples dance to it. A roda de choro is not a concert, yet it is not just a rehearsal, but also a musical experience based on spontaneity. This article, drawing upon an observation exercise in the Brussels (Belgium) choro scene, intends to explore the multitude of meanings of choro as a practice in which Brazilians in diaspora, other migrants and locals engage and share experiences with each other, focusing on the social geographies of choro and the social networks derived from this musical practice. The observation of this music-making process in Brussels raises additional questions of Brazilian (musical) identity in diaspora and its relation to the notions of longing (saudades), authenticity, affinity, transcendence and joy.

Sounds of Aliyah: A journey towards a sonic methodology for diaspora studies

This qualitative inquiry into contemporary experiences of human migration, focusing on Angloolim(English-speaking Jewish diaspora immigrants to Israel) uses interdisciplinary soundscape composition as its primary method. This project is opportune, given the lack of scholarship utilising sound to explore diaspora and Jewish identity. The compositional process was led by the experiences of the interviewees, blending sounds from places familiar to them, melodies and sonic symbolism that mark the seasons of the Jewish year and their own voices telling the story of their journeys. The composition is multilayered, allowing for a rich insight into the in between that diaspora communities inhabit, both in the place they live and in the place they left behind. This article discusses methodological decisions throughout the different stages of the project, with the aim to encourage readers to develop their own work utilising sound to investigate diaspora communities. This investigation sits at the crossroads between the aesthetic concerns connected to the ‘art’ of soundscape composition and the ethical considerations of the ‘science’ of social inquiry. The article concludes that sound studies, and soundscapes in particular, is an especially apt and rich avenue for study of diaspora identities and the oral traditions that underpin them.

Online language use and identity of Ukrainian diaspora in Germany

This article studies the language use and identity of Ukrainian communities in Germany on the websites and in online social media. Since 2014, the conflict in the East of Ukraine has led to a remarkably large and intense flow of Ukrainian migrants to Western Europe and Germany in particular giving rise to longstanding issues of identity formation and language use both within Ukraine and inside Ukrainian diaspora communities around the globe. This article will examine Ukrainian diaspora in Germany on the subject of language ideologies, practices and identity shaping by analyzing its linguistic online activity. To do so, our analysis will draw on a range of interdisciplinary methodologies, including studies of descriptive reporting of diaspora’s online discussions, its language practices and attitudes, and studies of discursive constructions of nationhood, which explore language indexing in relation to national identity negotiation.

FROM TRANSGRESSION TO TRANSFORMATION OF DIASPORA IDENTITY IN JHUMPA LAHIRI’S THE LOWLAND

Migration is not a recent phenomenon; it has been a part of human history since time immemorial. However, with the coming of globalization by the late 1960s, the migration of people across the world has abruptly increased. Many of the educated youths and unskilled laborers due to various social, political, and economic reasons migrate from their native countries to another country. Migration not only changes the immediate physical environment but also the social and cultural environment which has a colossal impact on the identity of an individual. The interface with the new culture calls for a cultural shift that not only alters the identity of an individual but also changes the way one perceives the self. Jhumpa Lahiri’s novel The Lowland set amidst the Maoist rebellion of Calcutta in the 1960s also highlights the issues of migration, displacement, and the consequent formation of diaspora identity. The experience of living as a migrant either temporarily or permanently in another country has facilitated diaspora writers like Jhumpa Lahiri to recognize and uncomplicated the notion of diaspora identity. Her novel The Lowland (2003) meticulously expresses the changing identity of the migrants. Thus, in this paper, an attempt has been made to understand the evolving nature of diaspora identity through the metaphors of transgression and transformation.

Messages in Bottles: An Archive of Black Iraqi Identity in Diaa Jubaili’s al-Biṭrīq al-Aswad

The novel al-Biṭrīq al-Aswad [The Black Penguin] by the Iraqi author Diaa Jubaili is a rare example of a contemporary Arabic novel that centers the experiences of Iraq’s Black population, most of whom live near Basra in Iraq’s south. The novel’s mixed-race narrator recounts his life story in the form of letters addressed to international figures, highlighting the life of his family on the margins of Iraqi society and his later involvement with the real-life civil rights group, the Movement of Free Iraqis. This article draws on Stuart Hall’s dual conception of cultural identity in diaspora to frame the characters’ search for a Black Iraqi identity as a dynamic engagement with memory, one that represents a counternarrative in the face of legacies of African slavery and legal discrimination.

PASSING IDENTITY AND ETHNIC CULTURE IN LATVIAN EMIGRANT FAMILIES

The paper discusses the problem of preserving native Latvian language and the transfer of cultural identity in Latvian diaspora. One of the central tasks for Latvia’s diaspora policy is to support preservation of Latvian language and culture in diaspora with the aim of strengthening the Latvian identity and the sense of belonging to Latvia. Support is provided to diaspora schools for preserving Latvian language, culture and identity outside of Latvia. However, for children not to lose their Latvian language skills it is important that the language is used also in the family.This paper uses a combination of a quantitative survey and in-depth interviews with the parents of children in diaspora. The aim is to ascertain the language situation in the diaspora, explore practices and perspectives on sustaining Latvian language and ethnic culture.In the theoretical aspect, the research data is approached with reference to P. Bourdieu’s view on language skills as linguistic capital, a form of cultural capital. Parent’s attention to sustaining their heritage language in emigration is analysed in relation to children’s identity formation and family communication with family members left behind. The data confirms that parents play a big role in language acquisition and sustaining by children in emigration, and parents hold the main responsibility in the process of realizing ethnic identity as a value.

Décalage and borderscaping in Dinaw Mengestu’s The Beautiful Things that Heaven Bears

This article examines how bordering practices can play significant roles in liberating black diaspora formation from racial and historical positionings. Through the use of Brent Hayes Edwards’ concept of décalage, I propose that the space of black immigrant can be negotiated, and when doing so, negotiation allows for new forms of belongings to be produced in transnational contexts. In understanding the construction of African diaspora identity as the production of décalage, I argue that The Beautiful Things that Heaven Bears sunders its characters into individuals in a way they reshape their identities together through delaying their belonging in time and shifting positions in space. The article thus concludes that décalage is rooted in the borderscapes of black and white communities, as a space that helps characters generating new transnational identities.

Transnational Religious Tourism in Modern China and the Transformation of the Cult of Mazu

This article explores transformations in the worship of popular goddess Mazu as a result of (religious) tourism. In particular, it focuses on the role of transnational tourism in the invention of tradition, folklorization, and commodification of the Mazu cult. Support from the central and local governments and the impact of economic globalization have transformed a traditional pilgrimage site that initially had a local and then national scope into a transnational tourist attraction. More specifically, the ancestral temple of Mazu at Meizhou Island, which was established as the uncontested origin of Mazu’s cult during the Song dynasty (960 to 1276), has been reconfigured architecturally and liturgically to function as both a sacred site and a tourist attraction. This reconfiguration has involved the reconstruction of traditional rituals and religious performances for religious tourism to promote the temple as the unadulterated expression of an intangible cultural heritage. The strategic combination of traditional rituals such as “dividing incense” and an innovative ceremony enjoining all devotees of “Mazu all over the world [to] return to mother’s home” to worship her have not only consolidated the goddess as a symbol of common cultural identity in mainland China, but also for the preservation of Chinese identity in diaspora. Indeed, Chinese migrants and their descendants are among the increasing numbers of pilgrims/tourists who come to Mazu’s ancestral temple seeking to reconnect with their heritage by partaking in authentic traditions. This article examines the spatial and ritual transformations that have re-signified this temple, and by extension, the cult of Mazu, as well as the media through which these transformations have spread transnationally. We will see that (transnational) religious tourism is a key medium.

Obstacles to reconciliation and forgiveness among victim groups of unacknowledged past trauma and genocide

AbstractGroups in conflict often resist efforts toward reconciliation with the outgroups. Despite the growing research examining processes underlying support for reconciliation, we know little about how resentment might drive members of victim groups that have experienced violence and atrocities to oppose reconciliation and reduce their willingness to forgive the perpetrator group. Using the context of the Turkish–Armenian conflict, the present research investigated the association of ingroup identification, ingroup glorification, and resentment with willingness to reconcile and forgive among Armenians in their homeland context (Armenia; Study 1) and Armenian‐Americans in the hostland context (the United States; Study 2). In Study 1, stronger Armenian identification and Armenian glorification predicted more resentment toward the Turks, which in turn predicted less forgiveness and less support for reconciliation. Study 2 replicated the findings of Study 1 regarding the associations of ingroup glorification but not ingroup identification. However, Study 2 also demonstrated that identification with diaspora identity (i.e., American identity) predicted positive intergroup outcomes. Results point to the important relationship between different modes of identification both in the homeland and in hostland countries and intergroup‐related outcomes through resentment, and to the obstacles to reconciliation and forgiveness among victim groups of unacknowledged past trauma and genocide.