Coherent Identity Research Articles

Moving to the Next Stage: Clarifying Constructs and Integrating Theory in Identity Research

Identity is a key organizational construct that “can be linked to nearly everything” (Alvesson, Ashcraft, & Thomas, 2008: 5); subsequently, within the organizational and behavioral sciences, it has garnered much scholarly attention. A wide array of identity-based processes and experiences have been studied, including the processes whereby identities are formed (i.e., identity construction) and altered (i.e., identity work), as well as various identity-implicating experiences, such as identity threats and opportunities, and identity conflict. This tremendous scholarly interest has resulted in myriad studies and numerous identity-related constructs. The proliferation of and lack of clarity among identity-related concepts resulting from this prolonged theory building stage has contributed to construct proliferation and a lack of clarity among identity-based concepts. Further, a lack of integration across identity-based studies makes it difficult to generalize research findings and contributes to an absence of encompassing models. Continuing this fragmented approach will contribute to conceptual ambiguity and confusion for the field, decreasing researchers’ confidence in the knowledge generated and inhibiting further progress. This symposium aims to advance identity research by fostering greater clarity and theoretical integration among identity-related constructs and processes. Presentations focused on identity resources and identity coherence address this theme via identity construction and its outcomes, and papers on identity enactment and identity conflict integrate existing knowledge pertaining to existing identities. As a whole, this symposium forges a pathway towards the next stage in this research: construct convergence (via definitional clarity and measurement development) and more theory testing. Oh, I Need (to be) That!: A Model of Identity Resource Creation Presenter: Mailys George; IESE Business School Presenter: David Sluss; ESSEC Business School Capturing Identity Dynamics: A Network-Based Approach to Identity Construction Processes Presenter: Karoline Strauss; ESSEC Business School Presenter: Julija Mell; Erasmus U. Rotterdam Presenter: Frederik Anseel; UNSW Sydney Business School, Australia Latent Identities: Internalizing a Role without “Doing” It Presenter: Elise B. Jones; U.S. Coast Guard Academy Presenter: Judith R Gordon; Boston College Identity Conflict in the Workplace: An Integrative Review Presenter: Heather Ciara Vough; George Mason U. Presenter: Teresa Cardador; U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Presenter: Brianna Barker Caza; U. of North Carolina at Greensboro Presenter: Emily D. Campion; U. of Iowa

How to combine multiple identities and gaining stakeholders legitimacy in hybrid organizations? An organizational design response

AbstractHybrid organizations’ success should effectively fulfill both beneficiaries’ and customers’ needs, requirements, and expectations, being embedded in the conflicting—and often incompatible—institutional logics of social mission and commercial activities. Despite the increasing attention to such a phenomenon in the business research literature, still little is known regarding how hybrid organizational structures may facilitate or hinder the co-existence of such conflicting institutional logics. Relying on an inductive comparative case study realized on 9 socially entrepreneurial NPOs—which represent significant examples of socially imprinted organizations involved in commercial activities (hybrid)—operating in the Italian socio-healthcare sector, two main concerns have arisen as particularly influenced by organizational decisions, namely (a) effectively combining multiple identities within the organization and (b) gaining legitimacy from stakeholders. Results show that a coherent identity for a hybrid organization seems to be facilitated by an integrated structure, i.e., social programs and commercial activities run in a unique organization. On the contrary, a compartmentalized organizational structure creates two separate legal entities of a social or commercial nature only and is more crucial in gaining external legitimacy. Finally, some hybrids seem to mimic both features of these organizational structures, tackling both necessities. Thus, this study provides comparisons and practice-oriented implications to implement such organizational changes and explores the complex universe of hybrid organizational design by simultaneously comparing different organizational structures.

How can organic farmers be good farmers? A study of categorisation in organic farmers’ talk

AbstractConversion from conventional to organic farming is considered to indicate changes in farmers’ professional identities—more specifically, in their perceptions of the idea of a ‘good farmer’. In this study, we focus on this theme by analysing how ‘good farmer’ ideals appear when farmers who have converted to organic agriculture make sense of the differences between conventional and organic farming. Through the discursive analysis of interviews with organic farmers, we show how they categorise farmers, producing and using an evaluative division in which both organic and conventional farmers fall into two subcategories, namely, ‘practical organic farmer’, ‘idealistic organic farmer’, ‘conservative conventional farmer’ and ‘rational conventional farmer’. We argue that this categorisation, as a way to define a ‘good farmer’, enables organic farmers to create a coherent identity as ‘good farmers’ in regard to both their former conventional self and current organic self. Our study further contributes to the theoretical discussion on ‘good farmer’ by highlighting that, in addition to productivist symbols and economic viability, organic farmers also view a practical and open‐minded attitude to managing the farm as a criterion of a ‘good farmer’, thus critically distancing themselves from conservative and ideological ideals.

Buying and Selling Civil War Memory in Gilded Age America ed. by James Marten and Caroline E. Janney

Reviewed by: Buying and Selling Civil War Memory in Gilded Age America ed. by James Marten and Caroline E. Janney Kelly McMichael Buying and Selling Civil War Memory in Gilded Age America. Edited by James Marten and Caroline E. Janney. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2021. Pp. 274. Notes, index.) Historians James Marten and Caroline E. Janney have compiled fifteen essays that illustrate the ways in which the Civil War was used to reinforce and expand nineteenth-century consumer culture, creating morals and values framed around patriotism and tying these to specific, purchasable objects and experiences. Individuals and corporations commercialized war memories, which proved highly profitable. While the essays in this book focus on the period 1865 to 1900, several hint at the continued commercial success of Civil War memorialization through World War II and, of course, that iconography of the war continues to sell today. The text is divided into three sections. The first section, “Defining Veteranhood,” looks at how individuals sold products, including pharmaceuticals, publications, clothing, and even the warehouse that had been Libby Prison. For example, Shae Smith Cox details how veterans attending reunions wore their “uniforms,” not the ones they had worn during battle but rather new outfits manufactured and marketed to veterans, especially Confederate veterans. Such outfitting of old soldiers was meant to create a coherent identity, but it also provided a ready audience for the mass manufacturing of a clothing line. Section two, “Marketing and Advertising,” includes articles about how marketers used war images of battles and individuals to sell products like cigarettes, stoves, and other household products. Anna Gibson Holloway and Jonathan W. White argue in their article that the Monitor, the Union ironclad that resonated with buyers who associated the ship with durability, became a “brand” used to sell dozens of different products. The final section, “Imagining the War,” demonstrates how popular images of the war were sold as a means of entertainment. Margaret Fairgrieve Milanick’s article describes how the Milton Bradley Company manufactured a kit called “Myriopticon,” which combined twenty-four images on a hand-cranked roll, viewable through a cutout stage, with a pamphlet to be read that synced to the images. The product was sold as an educational game that featured a narrative not about reconciliation, but rather that southern states needed to industrialize and become capitalist-oriented like the North. Although the fifteen essays included in this book range widely, from highlighting children’s books about teenaged soldiers to discussing Confederate [End Page 130] bonds found in a London vault in 1987, all explore the ways that Gilded Age individuals, advertisers, manufacturers, and publishers both commercialized and racialized the war’s memory, making large profits in the process. Issues of sectionalism and reconciliation are addressed but always in the ways that capitalism overcame such political differences, especially because this consumerism was rooted in Whiteness: reconciliation was made possible not only through an emphasis on the commercial, but also because the consumers were, first and foremost, White. These essays demonstrate the ways that ordinary White Americans bought, sold, and consumed material culture linked to specific Civil War memories, many of which they knew only secondhand through their parents. In addition to the authors mentioned above, the volume includes contributions by Amanda Brickell Bellows, Crompton B. Burton, Kevin R. Caprice, Barbara A. Gannon, Edward John Harcourt, Jonathan S. Jones, John Neff, Paul Ringel, Natalie Sweet, and David K. Thomson. Kelly McMichael American Public University Copyright © 2022 The Texas State Historical Association

Identity capital and Biafra activism in Southeast Nigeria

ABSTRACT Identity capital entails the use of identity as an asset in achieving a set goal. It demonstrates a wider in-group identity spurred by social resource mobilization, identity cohesion, and social development. This article queries why identity is used as a capital to advance Biafra activism in Southeast Nigeria. Identity capital theorizes the adoption of Biafra identity as an asset to create in-group identification to foster social cohesion for the advancement of Biafra agitation. Using a secondary source of data collection and content analysis, this study reveals that Biafra identity is used to sustain Biafra activism among the Igbo in Nigeria.

Same but Different: Meta-Organization and Collective Identity Dynamics

This article analyzes how a meta-organization (M-O) can shape a coherent collective identity over time. Previous foundational work on identity formation in M-Os has provided fragmented but insightful ideas on several activities that this process entails. However, we currently lack a dynamic, integrative, and empirically supported model that demonstrates how these activities interrelate to shape a coherent collective identity over time. Using an in-depth case study of an association of cider producers in Québec (Canada) over a 23-year period, we develop a model of collective identity dynamics, in which an M-O plays an orchestrator role that is both dual and continuous. On the one hand, an M-O balances the internal identity claims of its organizational members through alignment and differentiation. On the other hand, an M-O builds an externally coherent identity by assembling and positioning legitimacy among institutional actors. Our paper provides new insights into activities performed by an M-O during identity creation by analyzing whether this process includes both organizational and institutional actors, thereby reinforcing the intermediary nature of an M-O. Furthermore, it contributes to the collective identity dynamics literature by elaborating the stabilizing role of a bounded organization in collective identity dynamics at the interorganizational level.

Validation of nasal tracheal aspiration in children with lung disease

BackgroundNasal tracheal aspiration (NTA) is a frequently used diagnostic method to assess of infections in the lower airways. However, the validity of the method has not previously been compared to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in non-intubated children with a lung disease. We hypothesised that NTA performed by health professionals using the nares vocal cord distance to be placed at the entrance of the trachea, will result in same finding of bacteria in the lower airways as the gold standard of BAL.MethodsIn a prospective study, 173 paired samples of NTA and BAL were obtained between June 2016 to August 2018. Samples were collected from all patients undergoing bronchoscopy with spontaneous breathing during general anaesthesia. This study compares the microbiological results from the cultures obtained by investigating complete concordance i.e. identical pathogenic bacteria and coherence i.e. absence or presence of pathogenic bacteria growth between NTA and BAL.ResultsSamples were collected in 164 patients, 158 children between 21 days and 18 years of age and six young adults still treated at the paediatric department. The overall similarity (complete agreement) was found in 49% [41–56], sensitivity was 35% [27–45], specificity was 66% [55–76], positive predictive value was 36% [27–46] and negative predictive value was 64% [54–64] concerning complete pathogenic bacteria concordance. If we only considered coherence growth of pathogenic bacteria, similarity was 71% [63–79], sensitivity was 74% [64–81], specificity was 66% [55–76], positive predictive value was 75% [65–82] and negative predictive value was 65% [54–75]. Patients with cystic fibrosis showed a similarity of 88% [73–95], a sensitivity of 92% [76–99], a specificity of 71% [36–95], a positive predictive value of 92% [76–99] and a negative predictive value of 71% [36–95] concerning coherence growth of pathogenic bacteria.ConclusionThe study indicates that NTA compared to BAL as the gold standard is not clinically useful to assess positive findings of specific bacteria in the lower airway tract. Statistically significantly increased sensitivity and positive predictive value were found in cystic fibrosis patients concerning coherence growth. The clinical usage of NTA remains important as negative findings are of clinical value. However, BAL continues to be preferred as a significantly superior diagnostic tool.

The Spotted Seppuku

Yayoi Kusama, the self-proclaimed ‘international avant-garde artist’ has enjoyed global commercial success in the most recent decades of her lengthy career. In this article, I address this by taking her body of work as whole, with the message of self-destruction, sifted through the branding of ‘obliteration’ and ‘accumulation’ which I term the ‘Kusama-Seppuku’. Drawing on analyses of Kusama’s visual and literary work alongside Pierre Klossowski, Georges Bataille and Friedrich Nietzsche and the simulacra that permeate each, I argue that Kusama has created a body of work that expresses a desire to disengage from any illusion of cohesive identity through modes of obsessive, repetitious acts, processes and accumulations designed to allow an experience of a return ‘to the infinite universe’ (Yayoi Kusama (quoted by Alma Reyes), ‘Art of Eternity at the Yayoi Kusama Museum, Tokyo’ in Taiken Japan (Explore Japan) online publication, 21 Oct 2017: https://taiken.co/single/art-of-eternity-at-the-yayoi-kusama-museum-tokyo/). Each iteration of her work expresses a gesture that constitutes a part of the Kusama-Seppuku, a lifelong performance of suicide, exhaustively commodified.

The Anguish of Thought by Évelyne Grossman

Reviewed by: The Anguish of Thought by Évelyne Grossman Callie Ingram (bio) the anguish of thought Évelyne Grossman Matthew Cripsey and Louise Burchill, trans. University of Minnesota Press https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/the-anguish-of-thought 180 pages; Print, $24.95 "At the heart of modern writing," Évelyne Grossman writes, "anguish designates that which occurs in closest proximity to thought." Expertly weaving together strands from the work of Jacques Derrida, Emmanuel Levinas, Samuel Beckett, and Maurice Blanchot, among others, Grossman produces, in her newly translated The Anguish of Thought, a compelling and suggestive argument about our sometimes painful, sometimes ecstatic experiences of being inspired by and through writing. "All experience it differently," she argues, "and yet there is a profound commonality to all these experiences in that they all rattle the assured bases of what we believe to be our own thought, our own identity." Originally published as L'Angoisse de penser (2008), this book joins the continuous philosophical and poetic debates about how to theorize literature as well as historical investigations into the experience of anguish. Grossman, as a well-established scholar of Antonin Artaud, emphasizes the performative aspects of reading and writing while drawing upon the work of major twentieth-century philosophers and writers of the French scene in order to argue for an understanding of anguish that forefronts how it pushes one to be "out of oneself," its creative force. The author's easy familiarity with the theories in play allows her a great latitude to find patterns across texts and examine similarities between these oft-discussed thinkers, and she does so [End Page 45] generously: generous both in advancing her ambitious hypotheses and in the relative accessibility of her argument. To be clear, background knowledge on the cited critical theorists and writers is recommended if not mandatory for readers. However, for anyone who has struggled alongside the difficult texts of the above writers, it is a genuine pleasure to read Grossman process and reframe that difficulty, synthesize their major ideas, and present her own with clarity. In the introductory chapter, Grossman deftly links these chosen figures through their shared tropes and concerns: the affective experiences of fatigue, nausea, ecstasy, and excessive negativity; the desire for access to an inhumanity or dishumanity beyond human finitude; a certain vision of existence on the level of atoms, emphasizing entanglement over strict, coherent identities; and finally a definition of inspiration that depends crucially on the aspiration (with some beautiful wordplay around the "breath") of the other. From Grossman's web of thinkers, writing emerges as a "profound experience of depersonalization," a dizziness that provokes anguish but which also animates us. Despite the book's focus on writing, the "literary" here follows tradition to signify thought broadly—it is less a matter of craft, though the latter half of the book does contain some detailed close readings of Beckett and Blanchot, and more a matter of conceptual form. The "other" that inspires us is not a political category (Grossman stresses this, perhaps disappointingly) nor any iterable form or identifiable entity—rather, it is that which rattles us out of ourselves, puts to question one's sense of oneself. The Anguish of Thought is above all a book about the practice of thinking, understood as both a destabilizing and generative experience. The study ranges from investigating Derrida and Levinas's "mad" commitments to the voice of the other in chapters two and three; to positing Beckett's "ephectic subject" in light of structural concepts of metalanguage, archive, and "dead form" in chapters four through six; to analyzing Blanchot's articulation of the project of writing as the "heroism of an impersonal death" in the final two chapters. (Alongside these central figures, the writings of Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault, Georges Bataille, Roland Barthes, Gilles Deleuze, Catherine Malabou, and, of course, Artaud, also have a vocal [End Page 46] presence throughout the book.) Spun together, these explorations show the shared obsession of these thinkers with "the recurring question of how, through writing, can the unthinkable be touched upon" as well as the different ways that they have all tried to answer it. There are moments in The Anguish of Thought...

Hezbollah: Lebanon’s identified patient?

In this article, I interpret Hezbollah’s birth and role in Lebanon’s sociopolitical life from a group and family psychoanalytic perspective. In particular, I examine whether Hezbollah, as one of Lebanon’s “children,” can be seen as the “designated patient” and “symptom” of its large family, nation-state “incestual” dynamics and complicated separation and individuation process. As a designated patient, Hezbollah performs the double-sided function of gluing its fragmented nation-state together while carrying the weight of being its breaking force. In this logic, Hezbollah’s paradoxical role in the Lebanese nation-state family would be similar to that of a “scapegoat/Messiah,” who carries both the family’s incestual dynamics and internal tensions and its hope for a solid and cohesive nation-state identity. To build a cohesive nation-state identity, Hezbollah’s ideology acts as a prosthesis for Lebanon’s narcissistic fragility, which replenishes the narcissistic hemorrhage of its perforated bodily and psychic envelopes. I also reflect on whether a national mediation process informed by a group psychoanalytic approach could help Lebanon constitute a more functional ego-nation-state and thus renounce the need for a designated patient. Hezbollah would be better capable of giving up its pathological ideological position.

English Medium Instruction in Higher Education: An Attempt to Understanding Teacher Identity in Malaysia and China

Universities in Asia have observed a conspicuously large-scale adoption of English Medium Instruction (EMI), particularly in China and Malaysia. With the requirement that content teachers conduct classes in Chinese and Malaysian universities, content teachers’ identities would be reshaped into that of EMI teachers. However, the nature of policy directives concerning EMI, code-switching to mother tongue in the classrooms, the dearth of professional development programs, the intervention of local materials and instructional deficiency of the teachers, and nationalism have complicated the development of content teachers’ identity as EMI teachers. The current study aimed at understanding the identities of university teachers involved in EMI courses in Malaysian and Chinese universities. Undertaking a systematic review of the published studies concerning the EMI phenomenon in Malaysian and Chinese universities, and discussing the findings in the light of the dialogical approach proposed by Akkerman and Meijer (2011), the study reported that tensions between teachers’ identity as content teachers on one hand and as EMI teachers on other hand, offered multiple -positions (I-positions) that teachers need to interpret and evaluate through dialogues. The dialogues have continued among several I-positions. Eventually, the coherent identity of the EMI teachers developed as bilingual teachers, which has been incongruent with the policy directives. The implication of this study would help the stakeholders rethink bilingual higher education where English along with the national language would prevail to pave the way for knowledge acquisition. Moreover, the study set ground for future researchers to consider such an area for empirical exploration since teacher identity in conjunction with EMI has been relatively less explored.

SLANG LANGUAGE AS REPRESENTATIVES OF SOCIAL CULTURE IDENTITY IN FILM STEP UP 2 THE STREETS

Slang is an innovation of language change created by a group of people in highlighting their group. Speakers build a cohesive identity and a separate social class that becomes a culture in society. The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of slang as a manifestation of a person's social-cultural identity in the community group in the film Step Up 2 The Street. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Data was collected using documentation. The data is in the form of utterances in the dialogue of film players that contain slang words. Data analysis through the stages of data reduction, presentation and concluding. The results of the study conclude that the use of slang in the film Step Up 2 The Street shows the diversity of social and cultural identities in people's lives. The group of slang users refers to the context of similarity in the race, kinship or group, level of intimacy, group localization, and social culture that characterizes each group.

Religious Conflict in Iraq and the Operation of Shiite Militias in the Country after the Expulsion of ISIL

The paper deals with the religious aspect of the Iraqi conflict, exploring chiefly the dynamics of the conflict between the country’s Sunni and Shia communities. Should the conflict between the Sunni and Shia of Iraq be religiously motivated, we will find several characteristics, that would clearly demonstrate the religious or sectarian dimension of the conflict. The paper uses the methods of analysis, synthesis as well as the descriptive method. We have found that the conflict between the Shia and the Sunni has been purposefully escalated, firstly by Nouri al-Maliki (whose sectarian politics alienated the Sunni Arabs) and ISIS (which was even criticized by al-Qaeda for being too brutal against the Shia). Further we found that the Iraqi army under Shia command lacked motivation to defend Sunni areas from ISIS. Lastly, it was the PMF militias, forming after a fatwa by a Shia cleric, and bearing references to Shia symbolism in the names of their units. We conclude, that at the current phase, the conflict in Iraq has a strong sectarian dimension, while lacking a coherent Iraqi identity.

Dynamics of Identity Development in Adolescence: A Decade in Review.

One of the key developmental tasks in adolescence is to develop a coherent identity. The current review addresses progress in the field of identity research between the years 2010 and 2020. Synthesizing research on the development of identity, we show that identity development during adolescence and early adulthood is characterized by both systematic maturation and substantial stability. This review discusses the role of life events and transitions for identity and the role of micro‐processes and narrative processes as a potential mechanisms of personal identity development change. It provides an overview of the linkages between identity development and developmental outcomes, specifically paying attention to within‐person processes. It additionally discusses how identity development takes place in the context of close relationships.

‘Magnus's vision of a resurgent Scotland was elusive as a unicorn’: Scottish Nationalism in Eric Linklater's Magnus Merriman

Eric Linklater's 1934 novel Magnus Merriman is recognised as a comic triumph for its satirical treatment of the Scottish Renaissance and the associated contemporary Scottish nationalist movement. This article argues that Magnus Merriman has deceptive depth because Linklater offers frequently profound insights into a compelling point in Scottish cultural and political history. The misadventures of the eponymous Magnus have strong parallels with Linklater's own belated entry into the Scottish Literary Renaissance and his disastrous attempt at standing for parliament as a Scottish nationalist candidate. The novel showcases Linklater's idiosyncratic political doctrine of ‘small nationalism’, and his unflattering portrayal of the National Party of Scotland is coloured by his disillusionment with it. The doomed poem written by Magnus, ‘ The Returning Sun’, symbolises the Scottish Renaissance, reflecting its shortcomings and the difficulty of forming a unified Scottish cultural identity. The character of Magnus himself embodies the lack of a single, coherent Scottish identity as a Scottish Renaissance anti-hero. Magnus's political and literary disappointments mean Linklater gives a pessimistic assessment of the relative failure of the Scottish Renaissance and the nationalist movement of the period. Linklater's irreverent examination of Scottish nationalism retains contemporary relevance. Magnus Merriman is more than just a hilarious comedy and represents a significant contribution to Scottish literature.

Refugees from South Asian Islamic States at the footsteps of Global North: Reading Moshin Hamid’s Exit West as an Anticipation of Postnational Future

One of the essential aspects which have been perpetually constituting and reconstituting the tumultuous geopolitical space of South Asia is its interface with the Global North. An inherent element of this interface materializes in terms of the rapidly escalating proportion of the displaced population from the Islamic South Asian and Central Asian countries afflicted with intense political tensions seeking shelter in the Global North regenerating the ground for the imperialist exclusionary politics in a newer manifestation. Considering the tensional position of the Islamic communities in global politics, British-Pakistani writer Moshin Hamid’s novel Exit West (2017) provides a platform for exploring the plight of the refugees from Islamic states of South Asia in the fortress regime of Global North who are denied being assimilated either in their home state in Global South or in the host countries of the Global North thus problematizing their political status. Corroborating Giorgio Agamben’s dismissal of national borders, Hamid deploys the trope of magical doors in his novel that instantaneously delivers the protagonists to different nations rendering the geopolitical borders meaningless. As the concerned conference aspires to obviate the thick smog of western critical theories which fail to address the local issues and local cultural experience, the present paper in this context examines the novel as an aesthetic and poetical account of the hostility and resentment of the indigenous population and assimilated citizenry towards the refugees, the primal loss of their psychic experience of ‘home’ challenging the ‘ethnonationalism’ and the right-wing populism of the western nations invoking the readers to acknowledge the truth of ‘Postnationalism’. This paper thus attempts to diagnose the methods of negotiating the tensional correspondence between Global North and Global South on account of these refugees with contested political and social identities imploring the readers to reexamine the gaps in the complacent, coherent identity of South Asia as a geopolitical unit.

When the Right Protests: How Journalists Cover Conservative Movements

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the relationship between the mainstream press and right-wing protests in Brazil. Guided by the “protest paradigm” literature, my goal was to understand how reporters in the Global South cover conservative demonstrations. Protest paradigm scholarship found that news norms and routines lead to delegitimizing patterns of coverage, focusing on official viewpoints, spectacle, and violence. Here, I consider how the same practices can aid in the legitimization of right-wing movements. Through a mixed methodology combining content analysis and interviews with reporters from the analyzed outlets, findings revealed that when protesters’ grievances and demands aligned with the preferences of anti-leftist elites, right-wing politicians subsidized information to journalists. The lack of clashes with the police and cohesive leadership also allowed for coverage to become more thematic. As a result, I argue three conditions lead to news legitimization of protests. First, the movement fitting within a broader political conflict between elites. Second, the movement being sympathetic to the state's repressive apparatus. Third, the movement having cohesive leadership and unified identity. These conditions, which favor right-wing demands, drove legitimizing coverage even when reporters viewed the movement with skepticism.

Citizenship as Politics and Performance of Religious Identity: Hindu Refugees from Sindh

Drawing from the ethnographic insights and experiences of Pakistani Hindu refugees in Rajasthan, India, this article examines their agency, politics and dilemmas. It illustrates how they actively participate in the process of their ‘becoming citizens’ by making use of the majoritarian political space and nationalist ‘Hindu India’ imagery. Their expressions of a cohesive Hindu identity, however, remain illusionary and incomplete as they do not correspond with the lived realities of fractures, antagonisms and heterogeneities within various Hindu communities. These differentiations also lay open the hierarchies within Hindu refugees and enable an analysis of citizenship as a continued, contested and differentiated process based on caste and class locations of the refugees. For the lower-caste/-class refugees, their citizenship assertions go beyond the point of acquiring legal citizenship and merges with the struggles of native Dalits. Through these variegated expressions and claims of citizenship of Hindu refugees, this article foregrounds the idea of citizenship as performative and processual, and not necessarily contingent on legal status or state’s sovereignty logic of citizen/non-citizen binary.

Effects of Cultural Stress on Identity Development and Depression among Hispanic College Students

ABSTRACT Hispanic emerging adults are routinely faced with a variety of cultural stressors that adversely impact mental health and compromise identity development. Given that identity emerges through day-to-day interactions, there is a need to explore the impact of cultural stress on identity development and depressive symptoms at the micro-level (across days). To address these gaps, the current study utilized a 12-day diary study conducted among 792 Hispanic college students (75.9% female, M age = 20.14 years, SD = 1.85, Range = 18–24 years) to determine the impact of cultural stress on daily identity coherence, identity confusion, depressive symptoms, and the association between identity coherence and confusion and depressive symptoms in this population. Results indicated that Day 1 cultural stress positively predicted average daily depressive symptoms and identity confusion and negatively predicted identity coherence. Finally, cultural stress predicted a stronger daily association between identity confusion and depressive symptoms. As a whole, our findings emphasize the detrimental impact that cultural stressors have on both identity development and depressive symptoms at the daily level. These results are discussed in relation to the specific types of cultural stressors that Hispanic emerging adults face, and the need for appropriate intervention and prevention efforts for this population is emphasized.

Application of Transference Focused Psychotherapy in Borderline Personality Disorders

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a condition that is currently commonly found in daily psychiatric practice, and causes serious psychiatric disorders because it has an impact on the emergence of various other comorbid psychiatric disorders. The management of BPD is a challenge, because it is quite difficult and complex. Psychotherapy is an effective first-line therapy for BPD. Transference Focused Psychotherapy (TFP) is psychodynamic based psychotherapy that is specifically designed for BPD and is considered effective based on the specific psychopathology of BPD, namely the lack of identity integration. TFP focuses on the relationship between patient and therapist in sessions which have the aim of facilitating better behavioral control and increasing reflection and influencing regulation so as to produce identity integration that leads to a more coherent identity, better regulatory abilities, less self-destructive behavior. forming a more balanced and constant relationship, and increasing overall functioning.Keywords : Borderline Personality Disorder, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Transference Focused Psychotherapy.