Identification Of Products Research Articles

Structural characterization of peroxyl radical oxidative products of antioxidant peptides from hydrolyzed proteins

This work aimed to characterize oxidative products of five unique antioxidant peptides (P1: YFDEQNEQFR, P2: GQLLIVPQ, P3: SPFWNINAH, P4: NINAHSVVY, P5: RALPIDVL) from hydrolyzed oat proteins. Peptides were reacted with 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, a common peroxyl radical generator. Chromatographic data showed that peptide P3 was the most oxidized (67 ± 4 %) while also displaying the most ability to scavenge radicals in the oxygen absorbance capacity assay (ORAC) with an activity of 2.16 ± 0.09 μM Trolox equivalents/μM peptide. Structural characterization using mass spectrometry showed the presence of four oxidative products of P3, three of which were mono-oxygenated and the fourth di-oxygenated. The identification of these oxidative products is new and provides an opportunity to investigate their biological function. A good correlation (r = 0.889) between the degree of oxidation and the ORAC data, demonstrates the usefulness of using oxidative peptide data to predict their radical scavenging activities.

Synthesized novel chromogenic reagent and sensor: Detection and identification of dichlorvos

We developed a novel chromogenic reagent and sensor by selective approach, for the detection and identification of dichlorvos, which we tested with the thin layer chromatography method. For the first time, we reported in situ-generated glyoxal as a hydrolysis product, which then interacts with isoniazid to produce a yellow-colored cyclic compound. We used well-known spectroscopic techniques to confirm the chemical identity of the final product. We initially investigated the reaction using a variety of approaches, followed by attempts to establish the reaction mechanism using Density Functional Theory by Gaussian software.

Online Advertising as Passive Search

Standard search models assume that consumers actively decide on the order, identity, and number of products they search. We document that online, a large fraction of searches happen in a more passive manner, with consumers merely reacting to online advertisements that do not allow them to choose the timing or the identity of products to which they will be exposed. Using a clickstream panel data set capturing full URL addresses of websites that consumers visit, we show how to detect whether a click is ad initiated. We then report that in the apparel category, ad-initiated clicks account for more than half of all website arrivals, are more concentrated early on in the consumer search process, and lead to less in-depth searches and fewer transactions, consistent with the passive nature of these searches. To account for these systematic differences between active and passive searches, we propose and estimate a simple model that accommodates both types of searches. Our results show that incorrectly treating all searches as active inflates the estimated value of brands that advertise frequently. Our model can more accurately recover data patterns, especially for advertising brands. We finish with model extensions and a discussion of the managerial implications. This paper was accepted by Dmitry Kuksov, marketing. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02154 .

Activating peroxymonosulfate with Fe-doped biochar for efficient removal of tetracycline: Dual action of reactive oxygen species and electron transfer

If pharmaceutical wastewater is not managed effectively, the presence of residual antibiotics will result in significant environmental contamination. In addition, inadequate utilization of agricultural waste represents a squandering of resources. The objective of this research was to assess the efficacy of iron-doped biochar (Fe-BC) derived from peanut shells in degrading high concentrations of Tetracycline (TC) wastewater through activated peroxymonosulfate. Fe-BC demonstrated significant efficacy, achieving a removal efficiency of 87.5% for TC within 60 min without the need to adjust the initial pH (20 mg/L TC, 2 mM PMS, 0.5 g/L catalyst). The degradation mechanism of TC in this system involved a dual action, namely Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and electron transfer. The primary active sites were the Fe species, which facilitated the generation of SO4•-, •OH, O2•-, and 1O2. The presence of Fe species and the C=C structure in the Fe-BC catalyst support the electron transfer. Degradation pathways were elucidated through the identification of intermediate products and calculation of the Fukui index. The Toxicity Estimator Software Tool (T.E.S.T.) suggested that the intermediates exhibited lower levels of toxicity. Furthermore, the system exhibited exceptional capabilities in real water and circulation experiments, offering significant economic advantages. This investigation provides an efficient strategy for resource recycling and the treatment of high-concentration antibiotic wastewater.

Synthesis of CuO, ZnO nanoparticles, and CuO-ZnO nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B: a comparative study

Water pollution, arising from the presence of toxic dyes and chemicals, is a global challenge, urging the need for eco-friendly solutions in water decontamination. This study focused on the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and a bimetallic CuO-ZnO nanocomposite (CZ NC) through an environmentally friendly method employing Tragia involucrata L. leaf extract. Comprehensive analysis of structural and optical properties involved using various analytical techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, XPS, UV-DRS, PL, FE-SEM, EDAX, TEM, SAED, zeta potential, TGA, and BET. In comparison to pristine CuO and ZnO NPs, the CZ-NC demonstrated notably enhanced photocatalytic activity in the degradation of Rhodamine B dye (RhB). The optimum conditions for RhB degradation were found to be a pH of 9 and a catalyst dosage of 1 mg/mL for a concentration of 10 ppm. Under these conditions, CuO NPs, ZnO NPs, and CZ-NC demonstrated high efficiencies of 78%, 83%, and 96.1% respectively over 105 min. Through LC-HRMS, the identification of degradation products offered valuable insights into the pathway of photocatalytic degradation. Furthermore, toxicity analysis of intermediates, conducted through ECOSAR software, indicated the formation of non-toxic by-products (ChV/LC50/EC50 > 100) after the completion of the reaction. Furthermore, the recycled catalysts exhibited sustained stability for up to 4 cycles, with only a minor decrease in activity of up to 6.8%. This confirms their catalytic efficacy in purifying polluted water. This research significantly contributes to the progress of environmentally friendly nanocomposites, enhancing their efficacy in the realm of environmental remediation.

Research on the Purchase Intention of Intangible Cultural Heritage Creative Products based on Tourist Perceived Value

This study aims to explore in depth the purchasing intentions of tourists towards creative products of intangible cultural heritage, aiming to reveal the level of recognition and importance that tourists place on the intangible value carried by intangible cultural heritage during the purchasing process. By using a questionnaire survey, a total of 500 valid samples of tourists from different backgrounds and experiences were collected, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of their purchasing preferences and decision-making factors. The statistical analysis and discussion of data reveal a series of factors that affect tourist purchase intention. Firstly, uniqueness is an important influencing factor, and tourists tend to purchase products with unique cultural characteristics and historical significance because these products can arouse their interest and sense of identity. Secondly, the expression of cultural symbols also has a significant impact on purchase intention. Tourists are more willing to purchase products that reflect local culture and traditions, as these products not only have aesthetic value but also convey deep cultural connotations. In addition, emotional identification is also one of the important factors affecting purchase intention. Tourists tend to purchase products that can evoke emotional resonance and identification, as these products can stimulate their emotional experiences and memories. Finally, although price factors also have a certain impact on purchase intention, they are not decisive factors. Tourists are more willing to pay reasonable prices for products with rich cultural connotations and emotional experiences. Overall, this study reveals that tourists pay more attention to the cultural connotations, emotional experiences, and emotional identity of intangible cultural heritage creative products when purchasing them, rather than simple material attributes. This provides important references for relevant enterprises and organizations to better understand the needs and preferences of tourists, thereby developing more attractive and competitive intangible cultural heritage creative products.

Research on classification methods for rubber based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with data fusion strategy

Rubber, an essential industrial product, plays a crucial role in industry and human life. However, some manufacturers of rubber use inferior, recycled or low-cost rubber materials to replace high-quality rubber products. Therefore, in order to ensure industrial production, protect natural environment and ensure personal safety, it is of great economic and social significance to enable rapid and non-destructive qualitative identification of rubber products. In this paper, eight different types of black rubber, including Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR), Choloroprene Rubber (CR) and Ethylen Propylen Diene Monomer (EPDM), were selected as research objects. Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) technology was utilized to get the absorption spectra, refractive index spectra and time-domain spectra of these samples for exploring the differences between different types of rubber in terahertz spectra. To reduce the data volume, three band selection algorithms were employed to extract features from the absorption spectra and refractive index spectra, and temporal features of time-domain spectra were extracted for subsequent data processing. In the selection of classification model algorithms, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF) and Supervised Kohonen Neural Networks (S-Kohonen) were employed to recognize these spectral data. To fully exploit the latent information within these data and considering the possibility of the loss of partial information in single-type signal, a feature-level data fusion method was applied to different optical parameter signals to obtain more information about terahertz spectra during the process of data modeling. The results of the research indicated that the model with the highest prediction accuracy was the KNN model, with an accuracy of 97.37%, when refractive index spectra and time-domain spectra were fused as inputs, the F1-score reached 99.64. The performance of data fusion was noticeably better than that of a single-type signal. This study validates the feasibility of using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for qualitative identification of different types of rubber.

Identification of Different Dairy Products Using Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Fused Lasso Distributionally Robust Logistic Regression

Raman spectroscopy has been more widely used recently in the quality detection of dairy products. Because Raman spectroscopy can conduct rapid analyses of small sample sizes at high dimensions, its use in the dairy industry is becoming a hot topic for researchers. To improve the robustness and accuracy of logistic regression identification method, a new Raman spectroscopy identification method was proposed that combines a distributionally robust optimization technique and fused lasso technique with logistic regression. Then, Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze two types of dairy products that were collected for anti-jamming identification testing to verify the effectiveness of the new method. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more robust and has a higher recognition accuracy than the traditional logistic regression.

Virtual screening, MMGBSA, and molecular dynamics approaches for identification of natural products from South African biodiversity as potential Onchocerca volvulus pi-class glutathione S-transferase inhibitors

We investigated 1012 molecules from natural products previously isolated from the South African biodiversity (SANCDB, https://sancdb.rubi.ru.ac.za/), for putative inhibition of Onchocerca volvulus pi-class glutathione S-transferase (Ov-GST2) by virtual screening, MMGBSA, and molecular dynamics approaches. ADMET, docking, and MMGBSA shortlisted 12 selected homoisoflavanones-type hit molecules, among which two namely SANC00569, and SANC00689 displayed high binding affinities of −46.09 and −46.26 kcal mol−1, respectively towards π-class Ov-GST2, respectively. The molecular dynamics results of SANC00569 showed the presence of intermolecular H-bonding, hydrophobic interactions between the ligand and key amino acids of Ov-GST2, throughout the simulation period. This hit molecule had a stable binding pose and occupied the binding pockets throughout the 200 ns simulation. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report of any alleged anti–onchocerciasis activity referring to homoisoflavanones or flavonoids. Nevertheless, homoisoflavanones, which are a subclass of flavonoids, exhibit a plethora of biological activities. All these results led to the conclusion that SANC00569 is the most hypothetical Ov-GST2, which could lead the development of new drugs against Onchocerca volvulus pi-class glutathione S-transferase. Further validation of these findings through in vitro and in vivo studies is required.

Photodegradation of bisphenol A in water and ice: identification of products using three photosensitizers

Photodegradation of bisphenol A in water and ice: identification of products using three photosensitizers

A comparative analysis of transcriptomics of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: exploring drug repurposing.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignant plasma cell disorder characterized by the infiltration of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow compartment. Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) has emerged as a powerful investigation tool in modern myeloma research enabling the dissection of the molecular background of MM and allowing the identification of gene products that could potentially serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. In this study we investigated shared transcriptomic abnormalities across newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patient cohorts. In total, publicly available transcriptomic data of 7 studies from CD138+ cells from 281 NDMM patients and 44 healthy individuals were integrated and analyzed. Overall, we identified 28 genes that were consistently differentially expressed (DE) between NDMM patients and healthy donors (HD) across various studies. Of those, 9 genes were over/under-expressed in more than 75% of NDMM patients. In addition, we identified 4 genes (MT1F, PURPL, LINC01239 and LINC01480) that were not previously considered to participate in MM pathogenesis. Meanwhile, by mining three drug databases (ChEMBL, IUPHAR/BPS and DrugBank) we identified 31 FDA-approved and 144 experimental drugs that target 8 of these 28 over/under-expressed MM genes. Taken together, our study offers new insights in MM pathogenesis and importantly, it reveals potential new treatment options that need to be further investigated in future studies.

Identification and structural characterization of potential degradation products of baricitinib using liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

AbstractBaricitinib (BRT) is a drug substance with potent anti-inflammatory activity indicated in rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, severe alopecia areata and recently for the treatment of Covid-19. Process impurities of the drug during its formulation are quite known, however studies regarding its degradation products (DPs) under stress conditions are limited. In this study, the drug was subjected to forced degradation under various degradation conditions, including acidic hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, oxidative and thermal, to determine its inherent stability. To this purpose, a novel HPLC method was developed for the determination of degradation impurities of BRT. Alkaline hydrolysis test showed a selectivity towards breaking C–C bonds. This resulted to five DPs formed by chain scission reactions occurred at the pyrrolo-pyrimidine group between C6–C10 and C8–C9. Also, the ethylsulfonyl-azetidin-ylidene group was subjected to C–C bond cleavage at C12–C15 and C16–C18. Degradation products were further characterized with the use of liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS).

Integration of Physiochemical Characterization Techniques in Toxicological Screening of Emerging Contaminants in Food and Environment.

The pervasive presence of emerging contaminants in food and the environment poses a grave threat to human health and ecological stability. Addressing this challenge necessitates a comprehensive approach that integrates physiochemical characterization techniques into toxicological screening protocols. This paper provides an extensive review of the methodologies and advancements in the amalgamation of various physiochemical characterization techniques, including chromatography, spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, in toxicological screening for emerging contaminants. By synergistically employing these techniques, the identification, quantification, and toxicity assessment of contaminants are significantly enhanced, facilitating a thorough understanding of their implications for human health and environmental integrity. Through case studies and empirical evidence, this paper underscores the pivotal role of integrated physiochemical characterization techniques in ensuring the safety of food and the environment. By integrating these physiochemical characterization techniques into toxicological screening workflows, researchers can elucidate the presence of emerging contaminants, assess their bioavailability and bioaccumulation potential, and evaluate their toxicological profiles. Furthermore, the synergistic application of these techniques facilitates the identification of transformation products and metabolites, enhancing our understanding of contaminant fate and behavior in environmental matrices and food systems DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v45.i02.6483

Analytical method development, identification, and characterization of stress degradation products of idelalisib by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry studies.

As per International Council for Harmonization (ICH) drug stability test guideline Q1A(R2), inherent stability characteristics of a drug should be studied. This work was designed to investigate inherent degradation characteristics of the drug idelalisib under ICH prescribed stress conditions, identify its degradation products, and postulate their corresponding degradation pathways. Idelalisib was subjected to the ICH prescribed conditions of hydrolytic (neutral, acidic, and alkaline), photolytic, oxidative, and thermal stress according to ICH guideline Q1A(R2). An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (UHPLC-PDA) method was developed to adequately resolve the drug from its degradation products, validated as per the ICH guidelines, and subsequently extended to UHPLC with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOFMS) studies to identify the degradation products. Significant degradation was noted under conditions of acidic/alkaline hydrolysis, acid photolysis, and oxidative stress. The UHPLC/ESI-QTOFMS studies revealed the generation of four degradation products (I-IV), which were satisfactorily resolved from the drug by UHPLC on a Kinetex® C18 (100 × 4.6mm; 2.6μm) column by the developed isocratic elution method. Detection wavelength was selected as 270 nm. All the degradation products (I-IV) could be identified and characterized from their mass spectral data. The degradation pathways for the generation of various products from the drug were postulated. A UHPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for idelalisib. Four degradation products of idelalisib were revealed through UHPLC/ESI-QTOFMS studies, and corresponding degradation pathways were postulated for the same.

Shelf life extended: Focus on microbiota identification, nutrition value, color difference and lipid oxidation of puffed bean products

Puffed bean products(PBP)contain a large amount of protein, and are susceptible to microbial contamination or harmful substances during storage and processing. In this study, the migration rule of microbial quantity and basic index during storage of the same batch and taste PBP was analyzed, and the spoilage bacteria in different periods of PBP were identified and analyzed by high-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) The results showed that the peroxide value, acid value and mold count of PBP did not exceed the Chinese national standard, and the peak heights of the functional group characteristic peaks in different periods did not change significantly, further indicating that the degree of oxidation of fats and oils in the PBP was relatively light. During storage, the total colony count of PBP increased rapidly in the first two weeks, and controlling the microbial count of the products is the key to extend the shelf life of PBP. Bacterial colonisation affected the alkaline nitrogen and free amino acid content, resulting in a small increase in content. There was no significant change in the content of water activity this may be related to the choice of vacuum packaging for PBP. The brightness value in the colour difference value increased and the redness value decreased this may be related to the high temperature during the high temperature refining process of the chilli seasoning, the high temperature destroys the pigment in the chilli. The dominant bacterial genera of puffed soya products within shelf life were Pantoea, Streptococcus, Kocuria and the dominant fungal genera were Altemaria, Aspergillus. The dominant bacterial genera of expired samples were Bacillus, Rhodococcus. The main dominant fungal genus was Aspergillus. Results of the study will help to better control the growth of microorganisms in the future, as well as to improve the shelf-life and taste of the products.

In Vitro Characterization and Rescue of VX Metabolism in Human Liver Microsomes.

Venomous agent X (VX) is an organophosphate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and although it is one of the most toxic AChE inhibitors known, the extent of metabolism in humans is not currently well understood. The known metabolism in humans is limited to the metabolite identification from a single victim of the Osaka poisoning in 1994, which allowed for the identification of several metabolic products. VX has been reported to be metabolized in vitro by paraoxonase-1 and phosphotriesterase, although their binding constants are many orders of magnitude above the LD50, suggesting limited physiologic relevance. Using incubation with human liver microsomes (HLMs), we have now characterized the metabolism of VX and the formation of multiple metabolites as well as identified a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug [ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)] that enhances the metabolic rate. HLM incubation alone shows a pronounced increase in the metabolism of VX compared with buffer, suggesting that cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of VX is occurring. We identified a biphasic decay with two distinct rates of metabolism. The enhancement of VX metabolism in multiple buffers was assessed to attempt to mitigate the effect of hydrolysis rates. The formation of VX metabolites was shown to be shifted with HLMs, suggesting a pathway enhancement over simple hydrolysis. Additionally, our investigation of hydrolysis rates in various common buffers used in biologic assays discovered dramatic differences in VX stability. The new human in vitro VX metabolic data reported points to a potential in vivo treatment strategy (EDTA) for rescue in individuals that are poisoned though enhancement of metabolism alongside existing treatments. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Venomous agent X (VX) is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and chemical weapon. To date, we do not possess a clear understanding of its metabolism in humans that would assist us in treating those exposed to it. This study now describes the human liver microsomal metabolism of VX and identifies ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which appears to enhance the rate of metabolism. This may provide a potential treatment option for human VX poisoning.

Inhibition of Clinical MRSA Isolates by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci of Human Origin.

Staphylococcus aureus is frequently highlighted as a priority for novel drug research due to its pathogenicity and ability to develop antibiotic resistance. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are resident flora of the skin and nares. Previous studies have confirmed their ability to kill and prevent colonization by S. aureus through the production of bioactive substances. This study screened a bank of 37 CoNS for their ability to inhibit the growth of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Deferred antagonism assays, growth curves, and antibiofilm testing performed with the cell-free supernatant derived from overnight CoNS cultures indicated antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects against MRSA indicators. Whole genome sequencing and BAGEL4 analysis of 11 CoNS isolates shortlisted for the inhibitory effects they displayed against MRSA led to the identification of two strains possessing complete putative bacteriocin operons. The operons were predicted to encode a nukacin variant and a novel epilancin variant. From this point, strains Staphylococcus hominis C14 and Staphylococcus epidermidis C33 became the focus of the investigation. Through HPLC, a peptide identical to previously characterized nukacin KQU-131 and a novel epilancin variant were isolated from cultures of C14 and C33, respectively. Mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of each peptide in the active fractions. Spot-on-lawn assays demonstrated both bacteriocins could inhibit the growth of an MRSA indicator. The identification of natural products with clinically relevant activity is important in today's climate of escalating antimicrobial resistance and a depleting antibiotic pipeline. These findings also highlight the prospective role CoNS may play as a source of bioactive substances with activity against critical pathogens.

HPLC–UV Monitored Photostability-Test of LE404 and Identification of the Degradation Products via NMR and LC–HRMS

HPLC–UV Monitored Photostability-Test of LE404 and Identification of the Degradation Products via NMR and LC–HRMS

Optimisation of treatment efficiency and effluent toxicity during carbamazepine degradation via electrochemical oxidation

The commercialisation of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (eAOPs) as a method for removing recalcitrant pollutants from wastewater is currently limited due to the potential for the formation of toxic by-products. In this regard, this research comprised a comprehensive optimisation study aimed at finding a balance between minimising the toxicity effects observed via phytotoxicity assays and maximising the eAOP degradation efficiency under low energy requirements. To this end, carbamazepine (CBZ) was selected as the target pollutant in synthetic wastewater, and the operating conditions considered for optimisation were the nature of the anolyte (i.e., sulfate- or chloride-based), its concentration, and the current density applied. Together with the identification of the CBZ transformation products and their estimated toxicity based on the ECOSAR model, the optimum treatment was found to correspond to the degradation in 500 mg L−1 of a sulfate-based anolyte at a current density of 10 A m−2. These conditions led to the fewest and least toxic transformation products and favoured plant growth indices in phytotoxicity tests. Even if additional process improvements are required to reduce effluent toxicity, continuing such a multi-target optimisation approach can lead to innocuous electrochemical wastewater treatment.

The deception in the identity of the fish bought in some of the biggest cities of Argentina

Falsification and mislabeling practices represent the most frequently highlighted fraud incidents affecting customer trust, human health, supply chain economies, and stock preservation. The main objective of this work was to estimate the levels of mislabeling or replacement of fresh fish fillets in six of the most populous cities in Argentina (Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires - and in particular the neighborhoods Chinatown, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Córdoba, and Rosario). DNA barcoding revealed a total mislabeling rate of 36.65% (70 cases), with most incidents occurring with Thunnus albacares (21), and Callorhinchus callorynchus (22) which were mostly misnamed. The city with the highest mislabeling incidence was Mar del Plata (55%), while no cases were recorded in Chinatown, a neighborhood in Buenos Aires. Almost 70% of the replacements/mislabeling involved Chondrichthyes, mainly C. callorynchus and Mustelus schmitii. All chondrichthyans used for replacements are classified as critically endangered, near threatened, and vulnerable by the IUCN, highlighting the prevalence of misidentification and replacement in this extremely vulnerable group. It is essential to emphasize that mislabeling contributes to illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, a critical issue for the future sustainability of fish. Argentina lacks legislation on traceability and labeling, underscoring the need to improve accuracy and transparency in the labeling and identification of fish and seafood products throughout the country.