Identification Of Conflicts Research Articles

The conflict of legal regulation of representation in civil and commercial judicial proceedings through the lens of their tasks

Problem setting. The effectiveness of the protection of violated, unrecognized or challenged rights, freedoms or interests of individuals, rights and interests of legal entities, interests of the State sometimes directly depends on the participation of representatives in the legal process. In this regard, the article is devoted to the identification of conflicts and gaps in the legal regulation of representation in civil and commercial proceedings, taking into account the fulfillment of their tasks. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Some aspects of representation or its general characteristics within civil or commercial proceedings were studied by Yu. V. Bilousov, K. V. Husarov, S. M. Hushylyk, O. S. Yepanchintsev, D. V. Ivanchulynets, V. V. Komarov, H. Z. Lazko, O. V. Rossylna, O. Yu. Rusyn, H. O. Svitlychna, S. Ya. Fursa, S. A. Chvankin, M. V. Shpak. However, no attention was paid to the detailed comparative characteristics of the provisions of civil procedural and economic procedural legislation in the relevant context. Purpose of research is identification of existing contradictions in the regulation of participation of representatives in the judicial process based on the analysis of the relevant provisions of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine and the Economic Procedure Code of Ukraine taking into account the challenges of judicial proceedings and identifying ways to address them. Article’s main body. The regulatory requirements for representative identity and limitations on the exercise of procedural representation are analyzed in detail, the features of the special procedural status of the legal representative are characterized, the issue of on the simultaneous participation of several representatives of a party in a case with the same or different powers is investigated. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In connection with the identification of conflicts in the study of legal regulation of representation in civil and commercial proceedings, the need to eliminate such conflicts is scientifically justified through their objectives. With this in mind, it is proposed to amend the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine and the Economic Procedure Code of Ukraine for unification of identical provisions, as well as ensuring unambiguous perception of regulatory requirements in enforcement activities.

Identification of Potential Land Use Conflicts in Shandong Province: A New Framework

Land use conflicts (LUCs) have become a significant global issue. Accurately identifying potential LUCs is crucial for mediating these conflicts, optimizing land use structure, and enhancing land use function. The necessary conditions of LUCs are land use multi-suitability (LUMS), land resource scarcity (LRS), and diversity of demands (DD). However, few studies have approached LUC identification from these three dimensions simultaneously. In addition, when assessing the diversity of demand, only human needs are considered and wildlife needs are ignored. In order to address this gap in the research, this paper constructs a novel framework for LUC identification and proposes an induction-oriented governance path. LUMS was evaluated from three aspects: construction suitability, cultivation suitability, and ecological suitability. LRS is measured from three dimensions: construction land, cultivated land, and ecological land scarcity. The DD is expanded into human and wildlife demand diversity. By analyzing the combination of LUMS, LRS, and DD, LUCs are classified using the potential LUC identification Rubik’s cube model, and corresponding governance paths are suggested. In Shandong Province, potential LUCs are relatively high, with strong, medium, and weak conflicts accounting for 27.39%, 57.10%, and 13.06%, respectively. Potential strong conflicts are mainly distributed in the metropolitan suburbs and in the western plain of Shandong Province. Cultivated land is the main potential land use conflict space. The new framework of LUC identification proposed in this paper can effectively identify potential LUCs. Our research provides scientific reference for sustainable land use.

Exploring Conflict Dynamics Model in Second Language Collaborative Writing Classrooms

Global pioneers had done quite a lot of theoretical and pedagogical research on peer conflicts, among which they considered Second Language (L2) peer assessment, teachers’ assessment, and the classification and identification of conflicts. While few scholars stand in L2 collaborative writing classrooms in early attempts to witness the conflict dynamics that learners confront in producing peer feedback. Therefore, this study gathers data from a Chinese university and seeks to expose the dynamic development of the conflict in peer interaction and characterize the intragroup conflict phase model. It is of great reference value for teachers to enact much of the teaching design in China since the data was initially extracted from Chinese classrooms. Implications for teaching are addressed, along with recommendations for future research.

Identification of critical conflicts and its implementation in microsimulation for effective safety assessment in unsignalised intersections

Traffic safety assessment through microsimulation using Surrogate Safety Measures (SSM) has gained significant attention. Despite researchers proposing effective approaches for critical conflict identification in manual safety assessment, integrating these approaches into microsimulation is yet to be explored. This study provides a methodology for implementing critical conflict identification into microsimulation and calibrating and validating the models with selected SSM’s distribution as Measure of Effectiveness (MoE). Post Encroachment Time was used to assess the safety of crossing and merging traffic in unsignalized intersections. Genetic Algorithm was used to calibrate the model with PET distribution of the identified critical conflicts as MoE. The calibrated models were used to investigate the effectiveness of various preventive measures after validation. Roundabout was found to be reasonably effective in terms of crash frequencies estimated using Extreme Value Theory as it reduces the speed of the crossing and merging traffic and channelises the traffic in the study location.

A New Surrogate Safety Measure Considering Temporal–Spatial Proximity and Severity of Potential Collisions

Accurate identification and analysis of traffic conflicts through surrogate safety measures (SSMs) are crucial for safety evaluation in road systems. Existing SSMs for conflict identification and analysis mostly consider the temporal–spatial proximity of conflicts without taking into account the severity of potential collisions. This makes SSMs unsuitable for traffic safety evaluation in complex road environments. In order to address the shortcomings above, this study first introduces a new SSM called the Potential Conflict Risk Index (PCRI). To validate the effectiveness of PCRI, the inD dataset is adopted for conflict identification comparison between time-to-collision (TTC) and PCRI. Using PCRI, this study conducts a conflict analysis in the freeway merging areas based on the data from the Outer Ring Expressway Dataset (ORED), accounting for differences between cars and trucks. The comparative results between TTC and PCRI show that PCRI can provide a more comprehensive identification of conflicts and a more accurate identification of the moment with the highest conflict risk. The results of conflict analysis suggest that conflicts occur more frequently in situations involving trucks, and these conflicts commonly occur in closer proximity to the on-ramp at freeway merging areas. The findings from this study can improve the accuracy of conflict identification under different conflict patterns, enhancing the specificity of traffic safety measures and ultimately ensuring the safety of road systems.

Analysis of potential land use conflict for reducing landslide risk in Tawangmangu District Karanganyar Regency

Increasing demands for land use and limited resources lead to land use conflicts. Identification and resolution of land use conflicts is very important in order to use land resources fairly and achieve sustainable development. The research location is Tawangmangu District, Central Java Province. Based on its geographical conditions, Tawangmangu District is an area prone to landslides. Increasing tourism development in the Tawangmangu sub-district has the potential for land use conflicts and will affect the risk of landslides. The research objectives are: (1). Analyzing of Land Use Changes in Tawangmangu District in 2013 - 2023, (2). Analyzing Patterns of Land Use Conflict in Tawangmangu District in 2013 - 2023, (3). Analyzing Land Use Conflict Patterns for Reducing Landslide Risk in Tawangmangu in 2023. The research method is a survey method, the research form is descriptive quantitative with a spatial approach. In this study, spatial descriptions of land use, changes in land use, patterns of land use conflicts in the study area are displayed in the form of thematic maps. Data collection methods are field observations, interviews, document review, image and map interpretation. The main data source for land use is multi-temporal satellite imagery of the Tawangmangu District area. The analysis used is spatial analysis which is processed using a Geographic Information System with the output in the form of land use change maps and land use conflict pattern maps. The results of the study show that there have been significant changes in land use during the period 2013 - 2023, and spatially a pattern of land use conflicts has been formed in the Tawangmangu District.

Development and Proof of Concept of a Predictive Model of Flight Deck Cognitive Workload

Abstract: Workload can be regarded as the “cost” (in information processing terms) of performing a given flight task. Predictive models of workload are valuable at the early stages of system design to identify potentially excessive demands on the human operator before major system development commences. This paper describes the early development of a task-based predictive workload method. It utilizes a scenario-based timeline analysis supplemented by characterizations of the cognitive nature of the pilot’s tasks using Wickens’ multiple resource theory, followed by the identification of likely task conflicts and estimates of the influence of the task environment. Workload predictions were made for a manual approach, landing and roll-out scenario in a modern airliner. Predictions were compared against corresponding Bedford scale workload estimates. Results show that the predictive workload technique produced comparable estimates of cognitive workload measured using the Bedford scale.

Pemanfaatan BIM dalam Integrasi Arsitektur dan MEP Pada Proyek Konstruksi Gedung Lab PUT PNJ

Recent building construction projects increasingly prioritize the integration of architectural (design) and MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) aspects as key elements to achieve effective and sustainable projects. This study aims to explore the close relationship between architecture and MEP in building construction projects and how integrating the two can provide optimal results. This article discusses the important role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology in supporting the integration of architecture and MEP. BIM enables architecture and MEP professionals to work collaboratively in an integrated virtual environment, facilitating monitoring, coordination, and early identification of design conflicts. The results showed that effective use of BIM can create more efficient projects in terms of planning, execution, and maintenance. In addition, the study explores planning strategies that support the integration of architecture and MEP, including the selection of environmentally friendly materials, optimal spatial design, and energy efficiency. Comprehensive, sustainable planning can reduce environmental impact, reduce energy consumption, and reduce long-term operating costs. Project control in the context of architectural integration and MEP is also the focus of this study, with emphasis on construction quality monitoring, cost control and risk management. The success of a project often depends on careful control of these aspects. Therefore, this research provides insight into the integration of architecture and MEP in building construction projects and shows how this comprehensive approach can improve efficiency, sustainability, and sustainability as well as overall project outcomes.

Insights into vehicle conflicts based on traffic flow dynamics

The utilization of traffic conflict indicators is crucial for assessing traffic safety, especially when the crash data is unavailable. To identify traffic conflicts based on traffic flow characteristics across various traffic states, we propose a framework that utilizes unsupervised learning to automatically establish surrogate safety measures (SSM) thresholds. Different traffic states and corresponding transitions are identified with the three-phase traffic theory using high-resolution trajectory data. Meanwhile, the SSMs are mapped to the corresponding traffic states from the perspectives of time, space, and deceleration. Three models, including k-means, GMM, and Mclust, are investigated and compared to optimize the identification of traffic conflicts. It is observed that Mclust outperforms the others based on the evaluation metrics. According to the results, there is a variation in the distribution of traffic conflicts among different traffic states, wide moving jam (phase J) has the highest conflict risk, followed by synchronous flow (phase S), and free flow (phase F). Meanwhile, the thresholds of traffic conflicts cannot be fully represented by the same value through different traffic states. It reveals that the heterogeneity of thresholds is exhibited across traffic state transitions, which justifies the necessity of dynamic thresholds for traffic conflict analysis.

A Method for Ensuring the Functional Stability of a Communication System by Detecting Conflicts

Introduction: Modern complex technical systems are often critical. Criticality is due to the consequences of disruption of the functioning of such systems, and their failure to fulfill the required list of functions and tasks. The process of control and management of such systems is carried out using communication systems and networks that become critical for them. There is a need to ensure the stable functioning of the complex technical systems themselves, their control and monitoring systems, communication systems and networks. The paper proposes a method for ensuring the functional stability of a communication system, the basis of which is the process of identifying and eliminating conflicts in it due to the difference between the profile of functioning and the profile of the process of functioning of the system. The proposed model of the process of functioning of the communication system allows, based on changes in the intensity of the impact on the system of destabilizing factors, the identification of conflicts and their elimination, to determine the probability of ensuring the functional stability of the system. The purpose of the study: to develop a methodology for ensuring the functional stability of a communication system under the influence of destabilizing factors and the emergence of conflicts, a model of the process of the system's functioning, which makes it possible to determine the probability of the system being in a functionally stable state. Methods of graph theory and matrix theory, the theory of Markov processes. Results: an approach is proposed for assessing the functional stability of a communication system under the influence of destabilizing factors, a technique has been developed to ensure the functional stability of a communication system. Practical significance: the results of the study can be used in the design and construction of complex technical systems, decision support systems, control, communication and management.

Safety assessment of pedestrian-vehicle interaction at signalized intersections: An observational study

Road safety is a crucial aspect of global policies and management. Surrogate Safety Measures (SSMs) have gained attention in the study of pedestrian safety. This study aims to establish an effective SSM methodology to analyze driver-pedestrian interactions. The analysis relies on SSM indicators, without the need for an initial classification of driver-pedestrian interactions into specific interaction patterns. The proposed methodology offers several advantages, including the accurate identification of conflicts through an affordable approach making it easily accessible for public administrations and authorities to assess pedestrian safety at road intersections. A dataset comprising 270 driver-pedestrian interactions, observed at three road intersections in Rome, Italy, was examined. The severity level of each event was assessed through a preliminary classification of each interaction into three patterns: high, low, and none. Subsequently, the severity levels were evaluated using three methods, employing Time-to-Collision (TTC), Post-Encroachment Time (PET), and a combination of TTC and PET. A comparison between the severity levels identified by the two approaches was conducted. The findings reveal that Method 2, utilizing PET, consistently identifies conflicts. Additionally, a binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables that influence the likelihood of an interaction escalating into a conflict. The results demonstrate that the probability of conflict increases with the duration of a red signal, particularly for younger pedestrians.

ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ЗАХОДИ В УПРАВЛІННІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНИМИ КОНФЛІКТАМИ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ В У СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ ВЕДЕННЯ БІЗНЕСУ

The article analyzes the role of conflicts in the development of enterprises and their employees. The authors of the article point to the critical importance of understanding internal conflicts to achieve efficiency and innovation in management. They divide conflicts into constructive ones, which contribute to the development of new optimization projects, and destructive ones, which lead to a break in relations and violation of cooperation norms. The author offers two main directions of conflict management: for constructive conflicts – identification of common positions and coordination of interests for joint problem solving; for destructive – identifying the interests of the parties to reach agreements. Enterprise management must provide clear guidance on requirements and organizational procedures, promote coordination and cooperation among employees, and establish common goals to motivate employees to work together to solve problems. The article emphasizes the need to develop a program-targeted approach to conflict management, which includes the development of a management system, the creation of coordination subsystems at each level of management, and the planning of actions to reconcile conflicts. The analysis of conflict situations should include the determination of the causes of the conflict, the topics of mutual disputes, the motivation of the participants and the direction of their actions. The article emphasizes that effective conflict management involves an integrated approach that ensures not only the resolution of existing contradictions, but also the development of positive aspects in the activities of the labor team. An important role is played by preventive measures, which help to avoid the occurrence of conflicts, as well as the readiness of management to resolve the conflict. The scientific novelty consists in the development and testing of a complex approach to the identification, analysis and resolution of organizational conflicts, which includes the use of innovative management methods and technologies. This study goes beyond traditional approaches to conflict resolution, proposing the integration of modern communication tools, psychological techniques, and strategic analysis to create an effective conflict management system in an enterprise.

Countering Modern Female Crime Using Special Criminological Means

The presented article outlines proposals for the prevention of crimes committed by women using special criminological means. Early, direct, penitentiary and post-penitentiary prevention of criminal behavior of women is considered. At the same time, the existing system of preventive measures taken depending on the degree of formation of personal deformations of female criminals is analyzed and ways to improve it are also proposed. In particular, the main drawback of the current system of preventive measures is the lack of a gender approach to this work, which does not allow taking into account the physiological, psychological and social characteristics of women when preventing their criminal behavior. In addition, at the stage of early prevention, social patronage measures are proposed for disadvantaged families and women who find themselves in difficult life situations; identification and neutralization of intrafamily conflicts; medical and social measures aimed at preventing such background phenomena of crime as alcohol dependence syndrome and drug addiction, as well as schizoid psychopathologies, somatic and venereal diseases. The church, which provides support to homeless women and women in difficult life situations, is considered as a subject of prevention. For direct prevention, a number of technical and organizational measures are listed. Particular attention is paid to penitentiary and post-penitentiary prevention, which is considered taking into account the Concept for the development of the penal system of the Russian Federation until 2030 and the Federal Law “On Probation in the Russian Federation” (2023), measures are proposed aimed at resocialization, social adaptation of women, after serving their sentence in order to prevent relapse, among them emphasis is placed on education and vocational training, work activity, psychological assistance.

Compliance as a mechanism for ensuring sustainable development of companies in crisis

Today, the world is in conditions of permanent instability due to constantly emerging crises, the beginning of wars, social changes, etc. This has a very negative effect on the activities of companies in various industries, reducing the possibilities of their sustainable development. The consequence of this is the need to use new management models, mechanisms and tools. The purpose of the article is to study the use of compliance and develop an approach to its implementation in the company’s management system. It was determined that the main factors that will determine the sustainable development of the company will be reactions to external influences, the level of efficiency of the company, its financial stability, the intensity of innovative activities and competent management. It is shown that companies in Ukraine make limited use of compliance. The main trends of compliance procedures in companies are the identification and regulation of conflicts of interest, the compliance function has the right of veto in relation to individual decisions, the minimization of compliance risks. The top 3 compliance risks that can lead to both significant financial losses and significant reputational damage include unscrupulous counterparties, conflicts of interest; corruption risks. It was determined that the compliance service should use a toolkit that will include methods of detection, identification and assessment of risks; development of anti-corruption provisions; conducting internal financial investigations and identifying fraudulent activities in the company’s activities, etc. It is proposed to implement compliance in three stages, namely: compliance audit, formalization of the compliance system and its implementation. This will prevent problems related to dissatisfaction and/or resistance of employees to changes in corporate culture and ethics of behavior in the company, increasing requirements in accordance with internal regulations, increasing the volume of work of both individual employees and structural units as a whole.

A methodological approach towards the bio-inspired design of novel scaffolds for tissue engineering

The design of scaffolds for multi-tissue regeneration is very complex in terms of material and structure, as a direct consequence of hierarchical and organizational features. TRIZ represents the Russian acronym for the “Theory of Inventive Problem Solving” (TIPS). TRIZ is able to identify and codify such principles, using them to make the creative process more predictable. It is a methodology for the identification of the system conflicts and contradictions in order to solve the inventive problems. Its multidisciplinary features and the general approach to product design can make TRIZ as an intriguing starting point for the biomimetic approach in a systematic and organized way. Biomimetics aims at a complete integration between nature and technology. In this scenario, BioTRIZ shares the contradiction resolution method of the Altshuller’s theory, representing a systematic biomimetic approach towards the product design. In the current study, BioTRIZ was considered to systematize the process of bio-inspired design of 3D optimized scaffolds for the regeneration of complex tissue defects. A device for the regeneration of osteochondral tissue defects was considered as a case study. The technical solutions involved the design of a two-compartment, hybrid and functionally graded scaffold.

Characteristics identification and evolution patterns analyses of road chain conflicts

Chain conflicts would cause chain-reaction crashes, which might result in elevated fatality rates. Chain conflicts describe a phenomenon wherein evasive actions taken by a following vehicle's driver after a conflict impact nearby vehicles, which occur frequently but are reported less often. To effectively reduce conflict risk, comprehending the evolution patterns of chain conflicts under varied traffic conditions and road segments is crucial, in order to make chain conflicts management strategies. Initially, rear-end or sideswipe conflicts between two vehicles are identified based on vehicle trajectory data captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle group. Subsequently, a chain conflict identification algorithm is proposed, considering the randomness of occurrence time and fluctuation of impact duration, to link individual conflicts. Chain conflict rates exhibit significant variations across different road segments under diverse traffic conditions. Multiple risk and propagation indicators are extracted to unveil latent characteristics of chain conflicts from a high-level perspective. Based on prominent characteristic disparities, three evolution patterns are identified, i.e., Longitudinal Risk Decrease Pattern, Longitudinal Risk Increase Pattern, and Comprehensive High-risk Persistent Pattern. Spatial-temporal high-risk areas associated with each pattern are determined, and transition probabilities between patterns are calculated. The results indicate that these patterns tend to remain stable, with transitions mainly occurring from low-risk to high-risk patterns. Moreover, strategies to reduce conflict risk are proposed based on the characteristics of different patterns. This study holds great significance in understanding chain conflict evolution patterns and preventing chain-reaction crashes.

Multi-objective and machine learning strategies for addressing the Water–Energy–Waste nexus in the design of energy systems

This paper presents a multi-objective strategy coupled with fuzzy C-means to address synergies and conflicts around the water–energy–waste nexus. The proposal deals with an optimal design and operation scheme in a multi-objective framework where the objective functions are linked to the nexus. The objective functions are normalized to obtain subsets of functions that are used to assess the performance of the nexus and compute trade-off optimal solutions. The soft clustering algorithm is used to determine levels of synergy among Pareto optimal solutions. The proposed strategy has the potential to address problems with many-objective functions, in which the Pareto front has representation limitations, allowing for the identification of conflicts. The soft clustering algorithm indicates different levels of synergy among the Pareto optimal solutions based on the level of membership. The focus of the analysis is on distributed generation systems. As a demonstration, the coupling of a combined heat and power unit with a biodigester and a thermal storage system, interconnected to the local grid. The objective functions, used as descriptors of the nexus, are the use of waste, energy efficiency and water consumption, which are used with the economic performance of the system to configure a problem of many-objective functions.

A formal approach for the identification of redundant authorization policies in Kubernetes

Application containerization allows for efficient resource utilization and improved performance when compared to traditional virtualization techniques. However, managing multiple containers and providing services such as load balancing and fault tolerance is a challenging aspect. This led to the inception of Kubernetes, which allows for building resilient containerized distributed systems. The authorization process provided by Kubernetes is well-defined and thorough; however, the policies are prone to redundancy conflict. The size of an authorization policy has a direct impact on its manageability and performance of the evaluation process. Redundant rules in an access control policy increase the size of the policy and may induce unexpected side effects. In this paper, we have proposed an approach for the identification of redundancy conflicts in the authorization policies supported by Kubernetes. The proposed approach is formal and based on Event-Calculus, a logic programming formalism. The proposed approach can model different authorization modes (such as ABAC and RBAC) as supported by Kubernetes and allows for the identification of redundant policies amongst attributes, roles, and their combinations. We have provided tool support to convert the Kubernetes policyobjects to Event-Calculus models and then to automatically invoke the reasoner on the converted models and display any identified conflicts. We have also detailed the performance evaluation results to justify the practicality of the proposed approach.

Identification and Factor Analysis of Traffic Conflicts in the Merge Area of Freeway Work Zone

Identification and Factor Analysis of Traffic Conflicts in the Merge Area of Freeway Work Zone

The Journal of Urology® Home Study Course 2023 Volume 209/210.

The Journal of Urology® Home Study Course 2023 Volume 209/210.