Identification Of Bottlenecks Research Articles

The Role of the Integrated Digital Radiology System in Assessing the Impact of Patient Load on Emergency Computed Tomography (CT) Efficiency.

Time-critical management is of particular significance in the trauma and emergency setting, where intervals from patient arrival to diagnostic imaging and from imaging to radiology report are key determinants of outcome. This study, based in the Trauma and Emergency Unit of a large, tertiary-level African hospital with a fully digital radiology department, assessed the impact of increased workload on computerised tomography (CT) efficiency. Sequential, customised searches of the institutional radiology information system (RIS) were conducted to define two weekends in 2016 with the lowest and highest emergency CT workloads, respectively. The electronic RIS timestamps defining the intervals between key steps in the CT workflow were extracted and analysed for each weekend. With the exception of radiologist reporting time, workflow steps were significantly prolonged by increased workload. This study highlights the potential role of the integrated digital radiology system in enabling a detailed analysis of imaging workflow, thereby facilitating the identification and appropriate management of bottlenecks.

Systematic Analysis of Bottlenecks in a Multibranched and Multilevel Regulated Pathway: The Molecular Fundamentals of l-Methionine Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli.

To produce chemicals and fuels from renewable resources, various strategies and genetic tools have been developed to redesign pathways and optimize the metabolic flux in microorganisms. However, in most successful cases, the target chemicals are synthesized through a linear pathway, and regular methodologies for the identification of bottlenecks and metabolic flux optimization in multibranched and multilevel regulated pathways, such as the l-methionine biosynthetic pathway, have rarely been reported. In the present study, a systematic analysis strategy was employed to gradually reveal and remove the potential bottlenecks limiting the l-methionine biosynthesis in E.coli. 80 genes in central metabolism and selected amino acids biosynthetic pathways were first repressed or upregulated to probe their effects on l-methionine accumulation. The l-methionine biosynthetic pathway was then modularized and iteratively genetic modifications were performed to uncover the multiple layers of limitations and stepwise improve the l-methionine titer. The metabolomics data further revealed a more evenly distributed metabolic flux in l-methionine biosynthesis pathway of the optimal strain and provided valuable suggestions for further optimization. The optimal strain produced 16.86 g/L of l-methionine in 48 h by fed-batch fermentation. This work is the first to our knowledge to systematically elucidate the molecular fundamentals of multilevel regulation of l-methionine biosynthesis. It also demonstrated that the systematic analysis strategy can boost our ability to identify the potential bottlenecks and optimize the metabolic flux in multibranched and multilevel regulated pathways for the production of corresponding chemicals.

Pilot-Scale Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production from Paper Mill Wastewater: Process Characteristics and Identification of Bottlenecks for Full-Scale Implementation

AbstractIn this study, the suitability of paper industry wastewater for production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) was investigated in a pilot reactor in an industrial setting. The pilot plant was de...

Identification and characteristics analysis of bottlenecks on urban expressways based on floating car data

Identifying bottlenecks and analyzing their characteristics are important tasks to city traffic management authorities. Although the speed difference was proposed for the bottleneck identification in the existing research, the use of a secondary indicator has not been fully discussed. This paper strived to develop a method to identify the bottleneck on expressways by using the massive floating car data (FCD) in Beijing. First, the speed characteristics of bottlenecks on expressway were analyzed based on the speed contour map. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between speeds on the bottleneck and downstream links when a bottleneck was observed. The speed difference could indeed be used as the primary indicator to identify the bottleneck. However, it was also shown that a sufficiently large speed difference does not necessitate an activation of a bottleneck. The speed-at-capacity was then used as the secondary indicator to distinguish the real bottleneck from the non-bottleneck speed difference. Second, a practical method for identifying the bottleneck on expressways was developed based on the speed difference and the speed-at-capacity. Finally, the method was applied to identifying the bottlenecks of the 3rd Outer Ring Expressway in Beijing. The duration, affected distance, delay and cause were used to evaluate and analyze the bottlenecks.

Peroxisomes and peroxisomal transketolase and transaldolase enzymes are essential for xylose alcoholic fermentation by the methylotrophic thermotolerant yeast, Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha

BackgroundOgataea (Hansenula) polymorpha is one of the most thermotolerant xylose-fermenting yeast species reported to date. Several metabolic engineering approaches have been successfully demonstrated to improve high-temperature alcoholic fermentation by O. polymorpha. Further improvement of ethanol production from xylose in O. polymorpha depends on the identification of bottlenecks in the xylose conversion pathway to ethanol.ResultsInvolvement of peroxisomal enzymes in xylose metabolism has not been described to date. Here, we found that peroxisomal transketolase (known also as dihydroxyacetone synthase) and peroxisomal transaldolase (enzyme with unknown function) in the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast, Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha, are required for xylose alcoholic fermentation, but not for growth on this pentose sugar. Mutants with knockout of DAS1 and TAL2 coding for peroxisomal transketolase and peroxisomal transaldolase, respectively, normally grow on xylose. However, these mutants were found to be unable to support ethanol production. The O. polymorpha mutant with the TAL1 knockout (coding for cytosolic transaldolase) normally grew on glucose and did not grow on xylose; this defect was rescued by overexpression of TAL2. The conditional mutant, pYNR1-TKL1, that expresses the cytosolic transketolase gene under control of the ammonium repressible nitrate reductase promoter did not grow on xylose and grew poorly on glucose media supplemented with ammonium. Overexpression of DAS1 only partially restored the defects displayed by the pYNR1-TKL1 mutant. The mutants defective in peroxisome biogenesis, pex3Δ and pex6Δ, showed normal growth on xylose, but were unable to ferment this sugar. Moreover, the pex3Δ mutant of the non-methylotrophic yeast, Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipitis, normally grows on and ferments xylose. Separate overexpression or co-overexpression of DAS1 and TAL2 in the wild-type strain increased ethanol synthesis from xylose 2 to 4 times with no effect on the alcoholic fermentation of glucose. Overexpression of TKL1 and TAL1 also elevated ethanol production from xylose. Finally, co-overexpression of DAS1 and TAL2 in the best previously isolated O. polymorpha xylose to ethanol producer led to increase in ethanol accumulation up to 16.5 g/L at 45 °C; or 30–40 times more ethanol than is produced by the wild-type strain.ConclusionsOur results indicate the importance of the peroxisomal enzymes, transketolase (dihydroxyacetone synthase, Das1), and transaldolase (Tal2), in the xylose alcoholic fermentation of O. polymorpha.

Physiologic and metabolic characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals limitations in the synthesis of the triterpene squalene.

Heterologous synthesis of triterpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from its native metabolite squalene has been reported to offer an alternative to chemical synthesis and extraction from plant material if productivities can be increased.Here, we physiologically characterized a squalene overproducing S. cerevisiae CEN.PK strain to elucidate the effect of cultivation conditions on the production of this central triterpenoid precursor. The maximum achievable squalene concentration was substantially influenced by nutritional conditions, medium composition and cultivation mode. Batch growth on glucose resulted in minimal squalene accumulation, while squalene only significantly accumulated during ethanol consumption (up to 59 mg/gCDW), probably due to increased acetyl-CoA supply on this carbon source. Likewise, low squalene concentrations were observed in glucose-limited chemostat cultivations and improved up to 8-fold upon increasing the ethanol fraction in the feed. In those experiments, a constant, growth-rate-independent specific squalene accumulation rate (2.2 mg/gCDW/h) was recorded resulting in a maximal squalene loading of 30 mg/gCDW at low dilution rates with longer residence times. Coenzyme A availability was identified as possible bottleneck as increased vitamin concentrations, including the Coenzyme A precursor pantothenate, improved squalene titers in batch and chemostat cultivations. This analysis demonstrates that thorough physiologic characterization of production strains is valuable for the identification of bottlenecks already in early stages of strain development and for guiding further optimization efforts.

Data‐driven approach for identifying spatiotemporally recurrent bottlenecks

Identification of recurrent bottlenecks is an effective way to hone an appropriate investment in current facilities to relieve congestion. Furthermore, it would enable the ranking or prioritisation of bottlenecks since bottleneck removal and its associated impact alleviation are hampered by limited sources. It is imperative that transportation jurisdiction understand and identify the basis for ranking bottlenecks by exploring: how often they are active; how long it takes the congestion to disappear; and how many miles of road are affected. Previous bottleneck identification schemes have focused on identifying congestion with little attention to distinguishing the recurrent level at the same ‘bottleneck’ location. In contrast to traditional schemes, a data-driven approach for identifying recurrent bottlenecks is introduced, using probe vehicle speed reports. The historical spatiotemporal characteristics of bottlenecks are investigated through a comprehensive analysis of 2253 miles of all state-wide interstates in North Carolina. Using the characteristics determined the recurrent bottleneck locations with a historical time span of bottleneck activation are revealed and tested. The findings of the proposed identification schemes generate critical information in order to quantify and diagnose a bottleneck and its associated impact area.

Value Engineering and Function Analysis: Frameworks for Innovation in Antenna Systems

Value engineering (VE) and function analysis (FA) are technological tools for the functional enhancement and cost reduction of engineering projects. They also help to overcome mental inertia by acknowledging the voice of the customer in complicated systems. Antenna engineering, providing electromagnetic remote links, is an important area in engineering science, with a large number of innovative concepts. However, managing innovative ideas to improve performance, reliability, quality, safety, and reduce life cycle costs, is still a work in progress. This research was designed to apply VE and FA as frameworks for innovative ideas in antenna systems, especially with regard to imaging and radar systems. FA diagrams free a designers’ mind from tools to instead focus on purpose, which can help them to obtain better ideas for solutions to problems. It was identified that there were several options available for functionality enhancement and cost reduction. The required functionalities of the components of antenna systems, and their advantages and limitations were indicated. In addition, it was identified that some of the advantages and limitations appeared for combinations of the components. Alternative methods for applications, such as polarization conversion and the separation of outgoing and incoming electromagnetic waves, were studied. Circular polarization (CP) is important for two-way communication, since left-handed circularly polarized waves usually return with right-handed CP from targets. Therefore, various methods for producing CP were discussed, such as metamaterial-based linear to circular polarization converters and waveguide polarizers. Also, potential extra applications for these systems were explained. Two examples were: (1) merging multiple systems with different operating frequencies using multiband components; and (2) applying a feeding system for multiple reflectors using surfaces that reflect half of the wave and transmit the other half. Consequently, it was identified that the clearance of existing functions, prioritization of customers, identification of system bottlenecks requiring innovative methods, and better communication between users and designers, were the key benefits of VE and FA.

Identification of potential recruitment bottlenecks in larval stages of the giant fan mussel Pinna nobilis using specific quantitative PCR

Pinna nobilis is an endangered species of fan mussel found along coastal Mediterranean waters requiring special attention for conservation. Populations are restricted in number, due to anthropogenic disturbances, disease, and in some areas, low rates of recruitment. To date, the difficulties associated with the identification of planktonic stages have prompted the use of benthic collectors as a proxy for quantifying larval supply, despite important information being lost regarding planktonic processes. We present evidence of spawning utilizing a qPCR assay developed for detecting genomic DNA of P. nobilis to enable specific identification of planktonic stages to augment knowledge of P. nobilis life history. In the Ebro Delta, Spain, it has been used to study what might be limiting their reproduction locally. We demonstrate the ability to differentiate DNA of P. nobilis from other bivalve mollusks and distinguish between fertilized and unfertilized eggs of P. nobilis, which may be a crucial point for understanding the low level of recruitment seen in this natural population. We also show evidence of larval presence during the expected spawning period, although abundance in positive samples were so low that they pose new questions about factors controlling the availability of planktonic stages of P. nobilis.

Development of a method of continuous improvement of services using the Business Intelligence tools

The purpose of the study was to develop a method of continuous improvement of services using the Business Intelligence tools. Materials and methods: the materials are used on the concept of the Deming Cycle, methods and Business Intelligence technologies, Agile methodology and SCRUM. Results: the article considers the problem of continuous improvement of services and offers solutions using methods and technologies of Business Intelligence. In this case, the purpose of this technology is to solve and make the final decision regarding what needs to be improved in the current organization of services. In other words, Business Intelligence helps the product manager to see what is hidden from the “human eye” on the basis of received and processed data. Development of a method based on the concept of the Deming Cycle and Agile methodologies, and SCRUM. The article describes the main stages of development of method based on activity of the enterprise. It is necessary to fully build the Business Intelligence system in the enterprise to identify bottlenecks and justify the need for their elimination and, in general, for continuous improvement of the services. This process is represented in the notation of DFD. The article presents a scheme for the selection of suitable agile methodologies. The proposed concept of the solution of the stated objectives, including methods of identification of problems through Business Intelligence technology, development of the system for troubleshooting and analysis of results of the introduced changes. The technical description of the project is given. Conclusion: following the work of the authors there was formed the concept of the method for the continuous improvement of the services, using the Business Intelligence technology with the specifics of the enterprises, offering SaaS solutions. It was also found that when using this method, the recommended development methodology is SCRUM. The result of this scientific research is the continuous improvement of IT services, using Business Intelligence for enterprises, offering SaaS solutions, which solves the problems, identified in the existing methods of continuous improvement. Proposed method consists of the following steps: – analysis of the current status of the service and identification of bottlenecks; – analysis of possible causes of problems; – formation of requirements to improve services; – development of the part of the system, including troubleshooting; – analysis of the results of the implemented changes; – definition of new measurable criteria and data collection. The developed method was used at the enterprise Ltd “Solomoto”. In the course of practical testing of this method the identified problem of tutorials in SaaS platform Solomoto was eliminated. In addition, they identified several positive effects from the implementation of this method in the enterprise. They include the following: – increase in the quality of requirements’ formation; – improving response to business needs; – reduce costs and negative impact on the implementation of changes; – improving the quality of information on the state of services and the improvement of various metrics; – improving the quality of work of staff; – improving the competitiveness of enterprises through continuous improvement and maintaining the service up to date.

Entrepreneurial activities in policy implementation: Sweden\u2019s national wind coordinators

A growing body of literature focuses on how the context in which policy entrepreneurs operate shapes their actions. This study contributes to this perspective by focusing on the regional implementation of wind turbines for increasing renewable energy levels in Sweden. Sweden introduced national wind coordinators for facilitating wind energy implementation. In this capacity, the coordinators carry out entrepreneurial strategies in form of moving the policy through the administrative agenda at local level and pursuing the implementation process together with municipal stakeholders. The study shows that over time, wind coordinators were able to move beyond the government-defined activities and widen the scope of their actions. The analysis offers insights into the temporal dimension of regional entrepreneurial activities by mapping activities from 2006 to 2016. The case reveals that a flexible policy framework and more in-depth knowledge into regional struggles through mediating and networking enable the identification of potential local bottlenecks and lobbying for legal changes by entrepreneurs.

Identification of bottlenecks in the accumulation of cyclic fatty acids in camelina seed oil.

SummaryModified fatty acids (mFA) have diverse uses; for example, cyclopropane fatty acids (CPA) are feedstocks for producing coatings, lubricants, plastics and cosmetics. The expression of mFA‐producing enzymes in crop and model plants generally results in lower levels of mFA accumulation than in their natural‐occurring source plants. Thus, to further our understanding of metabolic bottlenecks that limit mFA accumulation, we generated transgenic Camelina sativa lines co‐expressing Escherichia coli cyclopropane synthase (EcCPS) and Sterculia foetida lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (SfLPAT). In contrast to transgenic CPA‐accumulating Arabidopsis, CPA accumulation in camelina caused only minor changes in seed weight, germination rate, oil accumulation and seedling development. CPA accumulated to much higher levels in membrane than storage lipids, comprising more than 60% of total fatty acid in both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) versus 26% in diacylglycerol (DAG) and 12% in triacylglycerol (TAG) indicating bottlenecks in the transfer of CPA from PC to DAG and from DAG to TAG. Upon co‐expression of SfLPAT with EcCPS, di‐CPA‐PC increased by ~50% relative to lines expressing EcCPS alone with the di‐CPA‐PC primarily observed in the embryonic axis and mono‐CPA‐PC primarily in cotyledon tissue. EcCPS‐SfLPAT lines revealed a redistribution of CPA from the sn‐1 to sn‐2 positions within PC and PE that was associated with a doubling of CPA accumulation in both DAG and TAG. The identification of metabolic bottlenecks in acyl transfer between site of synthesis (phospholipids) and deposition in storage oils (TAGs) lays the foundation for the optimizing CPA accumulation through directed engineering of oil synthesis in target crops.

Identification of bottlenecks and analysis of the state before applying lean management

The analysis of the production process from the time operations point of view is very important method use in Lean management to improve the whole process. In this paper we describe example of this type analysis on the example of industrial organization from automotive industry. The aim of presented paper is to identify the bottleneck in the production process and to analyse operations times in the production process. On the basis of the carried out preliminary analysis it was stated that the lack of proper organization of the place and time of work, lack of proper preparation in terms of content and equipment, lack of proper work standards, and what unfortunately in the case of the RZ machine are very important factors of losses.

Submerged seed, turion and oospore rain: A trap quantifying propagule deposition under aquatic vegetation

Submerged, free-floating and floating-leaved macrophytes produce a broad variety of specialized propagules to ensure population continuity and enhance dispersal. We quantified macrophyte propagule deposition in shallow ponds using a trap positioned near the sediment, designed to monitor diaspore rain in lentic aquatic environments. Propagule traps were tested under different set-ups, firstly within enclosed mesocosm experiments and secondly in vegetation communities growing in the open field. Mesocosms were installed in ponds containing monospecific stands of Chara globularis and Potamogeton pusillus under two contrasting conditions, with and without duckweed (Lemna minor), to evaluate cover impact on propagule release from the submerged macrophytes. During the studied interval, deposition of C. globularis oospores was not affected by Lemna cover. In P. pusillus, lemnid cover coincided with strong phenotypic alterations, including high turion investment. Traps openly installed in ponds containing Parvopotamion- and Magnopotamion/Hydrocharition-type associations showed that propagule rain was intensive underneath some macrophyte species and generally mirrored vegetation composition. Certain species were either over- or underrepresented. Generally, macrophyte abundance did not influence propagule deposition. Propagule traps are useful in studies assessing reproductive dynamics and resource allocation, potentially bypassing or complementing sediment propagule bank research, and aiding identification of recruitment bottlenecks.

Recurrent and non-recurrent bottleneck analysis based on traffic state rank distribution

ABSTRACTRoad network bottleneck would shift around according to the demand or supply, and therefore behaves differently from static bottlenecks such as on–off ramp and lane drop. The identification of dynamic bottlenecks is crucial for management and control. Traditional methods use direct measurements. Such methods may be biased and can only analyze the recurrent or non-recurrent bottleneck, not both. This research uses rank measurement based on speed to identify bottlenecks. The underlying idea is that bottleneck links or areas have relatively lower rank, and neighboring links covered by the same congestion event should behave similarly with respect to the rank distribution. The identification procedure is implemented by three steps: firstly, the rank distribution is fit using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), and then the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is employed to measure the similarity between adjacent links; at last, the bottleneck areas are clustered. Using rank information would enhance the bottleneck identification performance.

Proposal for Holistic Assessment of Urban System Resilience to Natural Disasters

Urban system is a complex mix of interdependent components and dynamic interactions between them that enable it to function effectively. Resilience of urban system indicates the ability of a system to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner. In the relevant literature, most studies consider individual components separately. On the other hand, the purpose of this paper is to assess the urban system as a whole, considering all relevant components and their interactions. The goal is a study of possibilities for holistic evaluation of urban system resilience to natural disasters. Findings from the preliminary study are presented: (i) the definition of urban system and categorization of its components, (ii) a set of attributes of individual components with impact on disaster resilience of the entire system and (iii) review of different methods and approaches for resilience assessment. Based on literature review and extensive preliminary studies a new conceptual framework for urban resilience assessment is proposed. In the presented paper, a conceptual model of urban system by abstraction of its components as nodes (buildings), patches - specific nodes with spatial properties (open space), links (infrastructures) and base layer (community) is created. In the suggested model, each component is defined by its own quantitative attributes, which have been identified to have an important impact on the urban system resilience to natural disasters. System is presented as a mathematical graph model. Natural disaster is considered an external factor that affects the existing system and leads to some system distortion. In further analyses, mathematical simulation of various natural disasters scenarios is going to be carried out, followed by comparison of the system functionality before and after the accident. Various properties of the system (accessibility, transition, complexity etc.) are going to be analysed with graph theory. The final result is going to be an identification of critical points and system bottlenecks as basis for further actions of risk mitigation.

Controlling congestion on complex networks: fairness, efficiency and network structure

We consider two elementary (max-flow and uniform-flow) and two realistic (max-min fairness and proportional fairness) congestion control schemes, and analyse how the algorithms and network structure affect throughput, the fairness of flow allocation, and the location of bottleneck edges. The more realistic proportional fairness and max-min fairness algorithms have similar throughput, but path flow allocations are more unequal in scale-free than in random regular networks. Scale-free networks have lower throughput than their random regular counterparts in the uniform-flow algorithm, which is favoured in the complex networks literature. We show, however, that this relation is reversed on all other congestion control algorithms for a region of the parameter space given by the degree exponent γ and average degree 〈k〉. Moreover, the uniform-flow algorithm severely underestimates the network throughput of congested networks, and a rich phenomenology of path flow allocations is only present in the more realistic α-fair family of algorithms. Finally, we show that the number of paths passing through an edge characterises the location of a wide range of bottleneck edges in these algorithms. Such identification of bottlenecks could provide a bridge between the two fields of complex networks and congestion control.

Identification of Bottlenecks in the Plant Life Cycle for Sustainable Conservation of Rare and Endangered Species

Long term survival of a species relies on maintenance of genetic variability and natural selection by means of successful reproduction and generation turnover. Although basic to monitor the conservation status of a plant species, life history data are rarely available even for threatened species due to the gap between the large amount of information required and the limits in terms of time and available economic resources to gather these data. Here, the focus on bottlenecks in life-cycle of rare endangered plant species is proposed as a resolving approach to address the challenges of feasible conservation actions. Basic considerations for this approach are: a) all biological and ecological studies on plant species can be scientifically important, but not all of them are equally relevant to conservation planning and management requirements; b) under a changing environment, long term survival of a species relies on generation turnover; c) for conservation purposes, priority should be given to studies aimed to focus on bottlenecks in the succession of generations because they prevent, or slow down natural selection processes. The proposed procedure, named SHARP (Systematic Hazard Analysis of Rare-endangered Plants), consists of a preliminary survey of the already available information on the species and two main components. The first component is the identification of the bottlenecks in the life cycle by means of field surveys. The second is the diagnosis of the causes of the bottleneck by appropriate experimental methods. The target is to provide researchers, managers and practitioners with substantiated indications for sustainable conservation measures.

Model-based investigation of intracellular processes determining antibody Fc-glycosylation under mild hypothermia.

ABSTRACTDespite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (q mAb) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc‐glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. The lack of knowledge about the regulation of dynamic intracellular processes under mild hypothermia restricts bioprocess optimization. To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N‐linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. Results from this study show that the model is capable of representing experimental results well in all of the aspects mentioned above, including the N‐linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia. Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc‐glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. This is then confirmed using experimental measurements of GalT expression levels, thereby closing the loop between the experimental and the computational system. The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1570–1582. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.

Методика внутреннего аудита казенного учреждения

In the process of public administration reform there has begun the implementation of modern international control and auditing standards in the public sector. The need for the improving of the efficiency of public administration requires the use of enhancement processes of public finance application and use, which in turn depends on the quality of feedback. The feedback was provided earlier by the control and auditing services, which were recording the cases of violation but at the same time, the evolution of the public internal financial control requires a shift in emphasis from the detection of violations to the analysis of the processes of the use of the resources. Not downplaying the importance of the elimination of these violations, the analysis of the main processes which involved the spending of budgetary funds, the identification of bottlenecks in such processes and introducing recommendations aimed at minimizing of the occurrence probability of adverse events is now the prevalent task of the modern state of the public internal auditing. Effective public internal auditing is designed to provide continuous assessment of the state internal control and it should help in the conditions of modern changing environment and regulatory shifts, by providing modern public administration. However, the liquidation or slow transformation in the process of reorganization of existing control structures, creates the risk of loss of the previously accumulated experience, as well as ineffective implementation of international standards of internal control and internal auditing, testifying to the fact of relevance growth of the research topic. This paper provides with the technique of internal auditing of state-owned institutions, which was developed on the basis of synergy works of domestic and foreign scholars and practitioners.