Identification Of Bioactive Compounds Research Articles

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Utilizing Extracts From Allium sativum.

The primary objective of this study was to develop an environmentally friendly and efficient method for synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), utilizing extracts from Allium sativum (garlic) plants, characterizing the synthesized ZnO NPs using various analytical techniques, and assessing their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The synthesis process involved utilizing extracts from garlic plants to create ZnO NPs. The NPs were subjected to comprehensive characterization through UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Antibacterial properties were assessed against different microbial strains. In vitro antioxidant properties were evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays. Bioactive compounds in the synthesized NPs were also identified. Analysis of the UV-visspectrum confirmed the synthesis of ZnO NPs with an approximate size of 280 nm, as indicated by the absorption peak in the surface plasmon resonance band. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. SEM analysis determined the dimensions of the NPs to be around 11 nm. XRD patterns exhibited distinct Bragg reflections, confirming specific crystallographic planes. In vitro antioxidant assays demonstrated a reduction in absorbance at 517 nm and 734 nm, indicating antioxidant activity. Antibacterial testing revealed inhibition zones against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans,and Enterococcus faecalis. The study successfully synthesized ZnO NPs using an eco-friendly method with garlic plant extracts. Characterization techniques confirmed the structural and chemical properties of the NPs. The synthesized NPsexhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activities, showcasing their potential for various applications. The identification of bioactive compounds further contributes to the understanding of the biological properties of the synthesized NPs.

PRD: An integrated database solution for medicinal and aromatic plant research in pharmaceuticals and toxicology

Research in medicinal and aromatic science laboratories often involves isolation, identification, and characterization of bioactive compounds from natural sources, particularly those with potential applications in medicine and healthcare. A wide range of analytical techniques, including chromatography, spectroscopy, in vitro – in vivo bioassays, and also toxicity tests to investigate the chemical and biological properties with the safeties of these compounds, and to understand how they interact with biological systems at the molecular level.However, many different species, and different test results creates a great challenge to keep track of results even within one research laboratory.In this study, we introduce a practical offline database and software program for recording medicinal and aromatic science experimental results in laboratories. The program uses a familiar input file, (Microsoft Excel), so users do not need to learn a new software. By implementing a standardized data recording system and evidence file for each plant, even if the same plant has different synonyms, different parts, and originates from different regions, all data can be collected and accessed through a single platform. This system allows for the integration of experimental results, including chromatograms, spectra, images, etc., and facilitates data management and analysis.The presented database provides a significant advantage by allowing immediate access to pertinent information regarding laboratory experimental results during collaborative efforts with diverse research groups and departments. It’s always-on data archiving features will prevent any experiment replications and also eliminates the potential loss of time during the data evaluation process.

Sour Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa): A Bibliometric Review of Its Bioactive Profile, Health Benefits and Trends in Food and Medicine Applications.

Research on the comprehensive utilization of sour jujube and its beneficial properties to human health has attracted extensive attention. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the bioactive profile of sour jujube and future trends in applications. The research advancements within this field from 2000 to 2023 were addressed using the Web of Science database and VOSviewer. Among the 322 results, the most frequent keywords of bioactivity are flavonoids, antioxidants, saponins, insomnia, polyphenols, terpenoids and anti-inflammatory; the most studied parts of sour jujube are seeds, fruits and leaves; the published articles with high citations mainly focus on identification, biological effects and different parts distribution of bioactive compounds. The bioactivity of various parts of sour jujube was reviewed considering their application potential. The seeds, rich in flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids, exhibit strong effects on central nervous system diseases and have been well-developed in pharmacology, healthcare products and functional foods. The pulp has antioxidant properties and is used to develop added-value foods (e.g., juice, vinegar, wine). The leaves can be used to make tea and flowers are good sources of honey; their extracts are rich sources of flavonoids and saponins, which show promising medicinal effects. The branches, roots and bark have healing properties in traditional folk medicine. Overall, this study provides a reference for future applications of sour jujube in food and medicine fields.

Identification of putative antiviral bioactive compounds derived from family Asteraceae: An in silico approach.

This computational study investigates 21 bioactive compounds from the Asteraceae family as potential inhibitors targeting the Spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2. Employing in silico methods and simulations, particularly CDOCKER and MM-GBSA, the study identifies two standout compounds, pterodontic acid and cichoric acid, demonstrating robust binding affinities (-46.1973 and -39.4265 kcal/mol) against the S protein. Comparative analysis with Favipiravir underscores their potential as promising inhibitors. Remarkably, these bioactives exhibit favorable ADMET properties, suggesting safety and efficacy. Molecular dynamics simulations validate their stability and interactions, signifying their potential as effective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.

Cold maceration extraction of wild fruit Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.: exploring its bioactives for biomedical applications

Terminalia bellirica (T. bellirica) (Gaertn.) Roxb. is a well-known traditional medicinal plants that show promising treatment because of fewer side effects in humans. In the present study, the total phenol, flavonoid, condensed and hydrolyzable tannins extracted and analyzed from cold macerated (CM) T. bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. fruit (TBF) and leaves (TBL) extract with the identification of bioactive compounds using GC-MS/MS technique. The highest amount of bioactive content was found in ethanolic extract than toluene. Current experimental data of TBF extract shows the maximum and significant biological activity like free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and FRAP assays with IC50 values of 51.07 ± 0.52 μg/ml and 63.14 ± 0.59 μg/ml respectively. However, IC50 cytotoxicity values of TBF extract on MCF-7 cells for 24 hrs was found to be 6.34 ± 0.72 μg/ml. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for infectious pathogens Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus was >12.5 μg/ml and >100 μg/ml respectively, however, anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated as an IC50 value of 509.1 ± 1.72 μg/ml. Cold macerated fruit extract revealed threatening inhibitory potential against the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, with IC50 of 50.98 ± 0.23 μg/ml and 46.70 ± 1.38 μg/ml respectively. Finally, the outcome of this study showed that T. bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. fruit extract could be an effective source of bioactives with efficient biomedical properties.

Phytochemical study, antioxidant activity, and dermoprotective activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.)

Abstract Chenopodium ambrosioides, a member of the Chenopodiaceae family, is renowned for its toxic properties. Despite its toxicity, it has been traditionally utilized in various communities, particularly in pediatric contexts, for its vermifuge, antispasmodic, and antipyretic attributes. This study aims to unravel the phytochemical composition present in organic fractions and aqueous extracts obtained from the aerial components of C. ambrosioides. Furthermore, our objective is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of these extracts and fractions, coupled with a comprehensive examination of their toxicological effects. Polyphenols were quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, flavonoids via the aluminum trichloride reagent AlCl3, and tannins using the vanillin method. Identification of bioactive compounds within the plant specimen was accomplished through GC-MS spectrophotometric analysis. The assessment of antioxidant activity employed DPPH, ferric (Fe3+) ion antioxidant reducing power (FRAP), ABTS, and TAC methods, with quercetin, catechin, and ascorbic acid serving as standards. Dermoprotective activity was studied using the ultraviolet absorption test. The GC-MS analysis conducted on the aqueous extracts (EAI and EAM) and assorted fractions (FCH, FE, FB, and FA) revealed the presence of diverse chemical families encompassing alcohols, acids, terpenes, steroids, and phenolic compounds. The components identified in the investigated samples, including trans-ascaridol glycol, palmitic acid, phenol, octadecadienoic acid, isoascaridol, eicosanoic acid, 2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, mexiletine, and thymol, are postulated as potential contributors to the observed antioxidant activity inherent in the plant extracts and fractions. Our findings highlight the remarkable antioxidant potential of Chenopodium ambrosioides, with the ethyl acetate fraction exhibiting the highest activity (IC50 = 0.54 mg/ml) in the DPPH test. In the FRAP and ABTS tests, the n-butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions demonstrated superior activity (IC50 = 4.43 mg/ml, 12.9 mg/ml and IC50 = 1.6 mg/ml, 4.54 mg/ml, respectively). Conversely, the TAC test revealed that the macerated aqueous extract displayed the highest activity (316.33 mg Eq AG/g), followed closely by the n-butanolic fraction (250.67 mg Eq AG/g). These outcomes can be attributed to the abundant presence of phenolic compounds in the n-butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions, as well as the macerated aqueous extract, playing a pivotal role in the observed antioxidant activity. Additionally, our investigation of the dermoprotective activity demonstrated robust efficacy in the ethyl acetate fraction (FE) and the n-butanolic fraction (FB) compared to the standard agents employed (ZnO and methyl salicylate). Overall, our comprehensive studies affirm that the extracts and fractions derived from C. ambrosioides manifest moderate antioxidant activities alongside significant dermoprotective potential, elucidated by the presence of phenolic compounds in moderate quantities within the plant.

Identification of Bioactive Compounds and Antibacterial Activity of Limeberry (Triphasia trifolia) Fruit Ethanol Extract against Staphylococcus aureus

Identification of Bioactive Compounds and Antibacterial Activity of Limeberry (Triphasia trifolia) Fruit Ethanol Extract against Staphylococcus aureus

Antimicrobial potential, GCMS analysis and molecular docking studies of Coelogyne suaveolens extracts: Identification of bioactive compounds with mechanism of action

Coelogyne suaveolens has been used as a traditional medicine for many years, and its potential as a natural source of antibacterial agents is of great interest. This investigation aimed to identify the bioactive compounds in the plant extract and assess their antibacterial properties. To achieve this, we identified the bioactive compounds using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis on the extract's ethyl acetate fraction and used the disc diffusion method to determine the antibacterial effect. Additionally, molecular docking were performed to predict the binding affinities of selected phytochemicals against specific proteins in order to identify the root cause of bacterial inhibition. Our results revealed that the extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are common and problematic pathogens. Furthermore, molecular docking studies identified eight best-selected compounds, of which {androstan-17-one, oxime, (5.alpha.)-}, diethofencarb, tetraconazole, {3,6-dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran}, and geranyl acetate showed a significant binding affinity with best binding interaction with the target enzymes. This suggests that binding to these specific proteins might lead to the mechanism of action of the evaluated antibacterial action. In conclusion, the present study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on natural antimicrobial agents and could have significant implications for the development of new and effective antibacterial agents.

Identification of Novel Marine Bioactive Compound as Potential Multiple Inhibitors in Triple-negative Breast Cancer - An in silico Approach.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer lacking specific receptors, with dysregulated and overactivated Hedgehog (Hh) and mTOR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets. This study aimed to identify potential inhibitors among 53 alkaloids derived from 9 marine bryozoans using in silico approaches. It sought to analyze their impact on key signaling targets and their potential for future experimental validation. In this research, selected targets were evaluated for protein-protein interactions, coexpression survival, and expression profiles. The protein expression was validated through the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database and druggability through DGIdb. Online web servers were employed to assess drug-likeness, physiochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological characteristics of the compounds. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations were carried out for ligand-protein interactions. Common Pharmacophore features, bioavailability, bioactivity, and biological activity spectrum (BAS) were also analyzed. Out of the 13 compounds studied, 10 displayed strong binding affinity with binding energies ranging from >-6.5 to <-8 Kcal/mol across all targets. Molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into Amathamide E's stability and conformational changes. Pharmacophore modeling revealed common features in 14 compounds potentially responsible for their biological activity. Our findings indicate the potential of marine-derived compounds as TNBC inhibitors. Further in vitro and in vivo validation is necessary to establish their effectiveness and explore their role as novel anti-TNBC agents.

Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids and Polyphenols in Organic Butternut Squash (Cucurbita moschata): Impact of Industrial Freezing Process.

Butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) is recognized as a functional food due to its abundant content of health-promoting compounds, including carotenoids and polyphenols. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of industrial freezing stages on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids and polyphenols in organic Butternut squash supplied for baby food. Identification and quantification of bioactive compounds were carried out using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and HPLC-PDA, respectively. The results revealed that industrial freezing of squash did not cause a significant change in bioaccessibility of α- and β-carotene. On the other hand, frozen squash was found to contain higher levels of bioaccessible epicatechin (main flavonoid) (117.5 mg/kg) and syringic acid (main phenolic acid) (32.0 mg/kg) compared to fresh internal fruit. Moreover, the levels of bioaccessible epicatechin and syringic acid were found to be the highest in discarded pomace and seed sample (454.0 and 132.4 mg/kg, respectively). Overall, this study emphasized that industrial freezing could be an effective strategy for preserving carotenoid bioaccessibility in organic Butternut squash, while also enhancing the levels of bioaccessible polyphenols. In addition, we also demonstrated that pomace and seed, which are discarded as waste, have significant potential to be utilized as a food source rich in bioactive compounds.

Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley Hydromethanolic Extract: Bioactive Compounds Identification, Hypotensive Mechanism, and Cardioprotective Potential Exploration.

Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley (FIP), a member of the Papaveraceae family, has a documented history of use in traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular ailments, particularly hypertension, and has shown substantial therapeutic efficacy among native cultures worldwide. However, the identification of bioactive compounds and the mechanism of hypotensive effect with the cardioprotective potential investigations are yet to be determined. The study aimed to identify bioactive compounds, explore the hypotensive mechanism and cardioprotective potential, and assess the safety of Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley hydromethanolic extract (Fip.Cr). LC ESI-MS/MS analysis was performed to identify the bioactive compounds. In vitro experiments were conducted on isolated rat aorta and atria, and an in vivo invasive BP measurement model was used. Acute and subacute toxicities were assessed for 14 and 28 days, respectively. Isoproterenol (ISO) was used to develop the rats' myocardial infarction damage model. The mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and the abundance level of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus were measured by qRT-PCR. The hypotensive effect of FIP bioactive compounds was also investigated using in silico methods. Fip. Cr LC ESI-MS/MS analysis discovered 33 bioactive compounds, including alkaloids and flavonoids. In isolated rat aorta, Fip.Cr reversed contractions induced by K+ (80 mM), demonstrating a calcium entry-blocking function, and had a vasorelaxant impact on phenylephrine (PE) (1 μM)-induced contractions unaffected by L-NAME, ruling out endothelial NO participation. Fip.Cr caused negative chronotropic and inotropic effects in isolated rat atria unaffected by atropine pretreatment, eliminating cardiac muscarinic receptor involvement. Safety evaluation showed no major adverse effects. In vivo, invasive BP measurement demonstrated a hypotensive effect comparable to verapamil. Fip.Cr protected the rats from ISO-induced MI interventions significantly in biometrical and cardiac serum biochemical indicators and histological examinations by reducing inflammation via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and elevating Firmicutes and Lactobacillus levels. The network pharmacology study revealed that the FIP hypotensive mechanism might involve MMP9, JAK2, HMOX1, NOS2, NOS3, TEK, SERPINE1, CCL2, and VEGFA. The molecular docking study revealed that FIP bioactive compounds docked better with CAC1C_ HUMAN than verapamil. These findings demonstrated that Fip.Cr's hypotensive mechanism may include calcium channel blocker activity. Fip.Cr ameliorated ISO-induced myocardial infarction in rats by attenuating inflammation, which might be via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and may prove beneficial for treating MI.

Phytochemical analysis, identification of bioactive compounds using GC-MS, in vitro and in silico hypoglycemic potential, in vitro antioxidant potential, and in silico ADME analysis of Chlorophytum comosum root and leaf.

Chlorophytum comosum is a plant with medicinal potential traditionally used to treat different diseases. The present study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds, hypoglycemic and antioxidant potential of C. comosum root and leaf. The ethyl acetate extracts of C. comosum root and leaf were analyzed by GC-MS to determine the bioactive compounds. The hypoglycemic potential of the extracts was evaluated by α-amylase, α-glucosidase, glucose diffusion inhibitory assays, and glucose adsorption assay. The ethyl acetate extract of C. comosum root inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and glucose diffusion in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 205.39 ± 0.15, 179.34 ± 0.3 and 535.248μg/mL, respectively, and the leaf extract inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes with IC50 values of 547.99 ± 0.09, and 198.18 ± 0.25μg/mL respectively. C. comosum root and leaf extracts also improved glucose adsorption. Heptadecanoic acid and dodecanoic acid were identified as potential compounds with hypoglycemic properties through molecular docking. The extracts were also assessed for their antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. C. comosum root and leaf extracts were also able to scavenge DPPH radicals with IC50 values of 108.37 ± 0.06 and 181.79 ± 0.09µM and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 126.24 ± 0.13 and 264.409 ± 0.08µM, respectively. The root and leaf extracts also reduced the ferricyanide complex to ferrocyanide with higher reducing powers of 2.24 ± 0.02 and 1.65 ± 0.03, respectively. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of C. comosum root has significant antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential compared to the leaf extract. Thus, it can also be studied to isolate the potential compounds with antihyperglycemic activities.

Identification of bioactive compounds and ADMET profile of stem bark of Syzygium samarangense and their potential as antibreast cancer and antiinflammatory

Identification of bioactive compounds and ADMET profile of stem bark of Syzygium samarangense and their potential as antibreast cancer and antiinflammatory

Isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from Juniperus oxycedrus L. plant grown in Iraq

Plant extracts are differ in quality and quantity of crud extract according to the extraction solvent, extraction time, and temperature. Herbal medicine used during the history for prevention and treatment of illnesses and promotion of health also used for enhancing the quality and span of our life. Juniperus oxycedrus banches and leaves are extracted with methanol using soxhlet apparatus to extract the polar compounds according to like dissolve like rule. The flavonoids components of type flavonol, as rutin, quercetin, and catechin, as well as flavone, as apigenin, were present in the crude extract that was extracted by preparative HPLC. The isolated compounds are examined using the UV spectrum, FT IR spectrum, mass spectrum by comparing the base peak mass m/z, and HPLC by comparing the retention times of the isolated and matching compounds.

Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Leaf and Flower Extracts of Firmiana colorata

Background Firmiana colorata is notable for its use in traditional medicine. Isolation structural elucidation of its bioactive compounds and scientific reasoning for its traditional use renders authenticity to the plant and corroborate the search for novel semi-synthetic compounds with potent medicinal properties. Objective The current study aimed to report the isolation structural elucidation and identification of two bioactive compounds from leaf and flower extracts of F. colorata using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods.Methodology Pure compounds were isolated from leaf and flower extracts respectively through column chromatography using n-hexane ethyl acetate and methanol mixture.Results Two pure compounds one isolated from a leaf extract Compound 1 and the other from a flower extract Compound 2 were successfully obtained using column chromatography. Based on a comparison of the spectral data of F. colorata with literature references Compound 1 from the leaf extract was identified as stearic acid and Compound 2 from the flower extract was identified as p-Coumaric acid.Conclusion Leaves of F. colorata are a good source of stearic acid which may find application in the food cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. p-Coumaric acid is considered the contributor to the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties exhibited by the flower extracts of F. colorata.

Identification and Antioxidant Activity Study of Bioactive Compounds in Areca Nut Oil

Identification and Antioxidant Activity Study of Bioactive Compounds in Areca Nut Oil

Diplazium Esculentum Fronds Extract: A Promising Source Of Anthelmintic Compounds Against Pheretima Posthuma - Phytochemical Insights

This studywas to determine the phytochemical composition of Diplazium esculentum and evaluate its in-vitro anthelmintic properties against Pheretima posthuma using extracts from the fronds of Diplazium esculentum. Helmintcs is an infectious disease caused by worms that is also known as Helminths. These affect human health globally by causing infection. Anthelmintics designed to inhibit the growth of parasite worm or kill it.Diplazium esculentum is known as edible fern,lingra,fiddlehead ,vegetable fern etc.for the identification of bioactive compounds to conduct phytochemical screening of Diplazium esculentum with employing verious tests to detect the presence of compouds - Alkal-oids, Tannin, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, ster-oids, and sap-onins, of Diplazium esculentum extracts. Extraction from the fronds of Diplazium esculentum via using the soxchlet Apparatus and the ethanolic and aqeous extract are extracted out.The yield of aqueous extact is highr then ethanol extract. These extracts are used for in-vitro anthelmintics activity againts Pheretima posthuma that is commonly known as earthworm that is found in moist soil rich in organic matter.The concentrations (10,25,45 mg/ml) are studies to examine the anthelmintcs activity.during the experiment observe the mortility, paralysis and death time of worm.The distilled water is uses as vehical and the albendazole use as standard with same concentrations.Reasult:Thia study shows that Diplazium esculentum has valuable source of bioactive compouds.Diplazium esculentum natural source for anthelmincs and the aqueous extract display the anthelmintcs activity albeit to a lesser extent compared to the ethanol extract.

Physicochemical characteristics of kombucha based on various concentration of white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe)

Currently, kombucha can not only be made from tea but also other substrates such as fruit, vegetables, herbs and spices. This research presented the usage of white turmeric with various concentrations as kombucha substrate to enhance the bioactivity of white turmeric. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with one factor of white turmeric concentration (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%) with three replications each. White turmeric powder was made into drinks with determined concentrations, then fermented into kombucha by SCOBY culture at room temperature for 12 days. Physicochemical characteristics such as acidity content (pH), total sugars, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity was analyzed along with identification of bioactive compounds. The data obtained was analyzed statistically using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Fisher's LSD (Least Significance Different) test at p < 0.05. The best treatment was determined with Zeleny's method. Research showed that kombucha fermentation changed pH, decreased total sugar content, enhanced total phenolic content, and improved antioxidant activity also increased bioactive compounds of white turmeric. The best results were obtained in kombucha with 0.8% (w/v) white turmeric concentration with the characteristics as follows: pH of 3.52 ± 0.02, total sugar content of 3.34% ± 0.08%, total phenol content of 174.20 ± 0.83 mg GAE/ml, and antioxidant activity IC50 of 113.07 ± 1.54 ppm.

Identification of bioactive compounds of Bacillus velezensis HNA3 that contribute to its dual effects as plant growth promoter and biocontrol against post-harvested fungi.

Bacillus velezensis HNA3 displayed dual bioactivities as a plant growth promoter and a biocontrol agent against five isolated post-harvest phytopathogens: Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium expansum, Monilinia fructicola, and Fusarium oxysporum. Moreover, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by HNA3 exhibited remarkable efficacy, achieving 100% fungal inhibition against Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium cladosporioides. This is the initial study to demonstrate the HNA3-emitted VOCs effect on enhancing soybean seedling growth and seed germination by breaking seed dormancy and improving root construction. Semi-VOCs and emitted VOCs were identified by two methods of extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 14 main VOCs were detected; phenol,2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid are the most abundant semi-VOCs, both are known to have anti-fungal and plant growth-promoting properties. 9-Octadecenoic acid (z)-, methyl ester is the most common volatile compound emitted by HNA3 followed by hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester. It is noteworthy that heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester has not been previously detected in Bacillus spp. Pure 9-octadecenoic acid (z)-, methyl ester, as well as heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester, exhibited inhibitory effects on the fungal growth of all isolated phytopathogens. Interestingly, when combined, these compounds synergistically eradicated fungal growth. Indole acetic acid and serotonin, both classified as plant growth-promoting indoles, have been identified within HNA3. Moreover, during the phytopathogen inhibition stage, HNA3 demonstrated upregulation in gene expression associated with non-VOCs, including bacillibactin, bacillomycin, bacilysin, and surfactin. This study publicized an extensive variety of bioactive compounds produced by HNA3 liable for its bioactivities.IMPORTANCEThe current study is an extension to our previous work on the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus velezensis HNA3 strain, which comes to confirm and reveals the huge stock of active secondary metabolites produced by HNA3. HNA3-emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have demonstrated the capacity to impede the growth of phytopathogens affecting some fruits and vegetables, even in the absence of direct contact. Additionally, these volatiles enhanced soybean seed germination by breaking seed dormancy and inducing root system development. Furthermore, they promoted seedling growth, giving it prominence in soybean cultivation. The relevance of active volatiles derives from the fact that they can be developed as natural-safe biocontrol agents and plant promoters. This research validates the remarkable bioactivities exhibited by the Bacillus velezensis HNA3 and their potential applications in agriculture as an inoculant, encompassing biocontrol, plant growth promotion, and seed germination activities, thereby offering a safer alternative to hazardous chemicals.

From residue to resource: The recovery of high-added values compounds through an integral green valorization of citrus residual biomass

Exploitation of residual citrus biomass in biorefineries should include extraction of bioactive compounds, with particular attention to the high extractable content of this by-product. In fact, according to the principles of biorefinery, transforming “waste” to “secondary raw material” can totally or partially reduce the economic and ecological issues. In this study, green residual biomass from citrus trees located in a Capbon peninsula region (Tunisia) was analyzed. A phytochemical study was carried out by determining the content of polyphenols and flavonoids and antioxidant activities. Gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) analysis allowed the identification and evaluation of bioactive compounds as quinic acid, proline, alpha-linolenic acid and alpha-amyrin known for their wide range of applications. In addition, the fragrant aroma composition of petitgrain essential oil displayed substantial qualitative and quantitative differences that could serve as a promising natural source used in the development and formulation of functional foods and pharmaceutical products, in flavoring, liqueurs, perfumes, and medicines of ingredients. Then, the hydrodistillation effluent was assessed for its antioxidant and antifungal potential from where it is proven that it could be a source of the bioactive compounds with high spectrum of biological activities. From the point of view of the integral valorization of these underexploited and wasted bioresidues offers the double opportunity to recover biosourced molecules with high added value on the one hand and to reduce the pollutant effects on the other hand, and thus, contributing to promoting sustainable development and bioeconomy via a zero waste integrated approach priming the green biorefineries pathways.