Identical Mean Research Articles

Menggali Makna Identitas Nasional :Cerminan dan Jati diri Bangsa

National identity is a complex and important concept for a nation. National identity reflects the identity of a nation and is a marker of a country's existence in the international world. This national article will dig deeper into the meaning of national identity, how national identity reflects national identity, and why identity has a crucial role in building national pride and unity. In this article, we will dig deeper into the meaning of national identity as a reflection and identity of the nation. National identity can be seen as a reflection of a nation because it reflects the characteristics of that nation. National identity includes language, customs, arts and culture, history, and beliefs held by society. Through national identity, people can recognize themselves and differentiate themselves from other nations.

Linguistic Landscape Analysis of Identity Representation in Public Signs at Watugong Buddhist Monastery Semarang

Public signs at Watugong Monastery in Semarang serve not only as guides for visitors but also as representations of identity, meaning, and values. This study aims to uncover the meaning and representation of identity in the public signs of Watugong Monastery by considering the cultural, religious, and social contexts in accordance with the dominant ideology in the place. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a Barthes (1991) semiotics approach. Research data was collected through observation and documentation methods using photography techniques. The results of this study show that there are representations of cultural, religious, and socio-religious identities in the Public signs of Watugong Monastery. Religious identity comes from the interpretation of the object label signs 福 (fú), 祿 (lù), and 壽 (shòu) which reflect Chinese cultural values. Religious identity emerges from hiolo stick sign, which contains the meaning of strong faith in Buddha and his teachings through prayer and devotion supported by morality and exemplary behavior. Finally, socio-religious identity appears on the Ashoka inscription sign, the strong religious element derived from Buddhist teachings, the inscription also shows an example of social life between people of different faiths who must always teach tolerance and moderation in religion. This research is still very open for further research in various other aspects of LL, for example, visitors' perceptions of the language used at Watugong Monastery.

Reality and Ideality: An analysis on Beauty and the Beast from the Perspective of Feminist Narratology

La Belle et la Bête (Beauty and the Beast) is a fairy tale originally written by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve, a French female author, and later adapted into a cartoon by Disney, which tells an actualization of idealized love in reality through the whole story. Such is, on one hand, a revelation of the opposite relationship between reality and ideality while, on the other, an embodiment of the reconcilability in the emotional power, instanced by equal love, confidence and dependence, in the contradiction between the ideality and reality. The theme of La Belle et la Bête as the main objection of this article is analyzed on the basis of the feminist narratological analysis of characters, mainly of La Belle, for the purpose of the acquirement of the profound meaning of equal identity and, simultaneously, of the perception of the realizability of ideal life in reality. This paper intends to analyze the theme of La Belle et la Bête, an actualization of idealized love in reality, from the perspective of feminist narratology based mainly on La Belle, the female protagonist, to acquire the embodiment of realities and idealities, their opposite relationship and the way of equal love in conciliating the opposites.

ABSOLUTE SYNONYMS IN INDONESIAN STUDENT BOOKS FOR CLASS X AND XI (INDEPENDENT CURRICULUM)

Synonyms are a type of semantic meaning relationship material that functions to enrich the vocabulary. One type of synonym is an absolute synonym, namely words that have identical meanings and can replace each other in all contexts. The use of absolute synonyms is found in Indonesian language student books for classes X and XI. This research aims to describe absolute synonyms based on word class and grammatical level in Indonesian language student books for classes X and This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data for this research are words, phrases and sentences in students' books for class X and XI Indonesian. The objects of this research are the class X Indonesian ebook by Aulia and Gumilar in 2021 and the class The results of this research found 50 absolute synonym data in Indonesian language student books for classes X and XI. The data is classified into (1) absolute synonyms based on word classes including 19 noun data, 1 numeral data, 5 adjective data, and 2 verb data; and (2) absolute synonyms based on grammatical level including 3 word data, 18 phrase data and 2 sentence data. Thus, it can be concluded that absolute synonyms can still be found, but they tend to be fewer than other types of synonyms.

The dual vehicle of politics and art: an exploration of Chinese animation in the ‘Seventeen Years’ period (1949–1966)

This article investigates the evolution of Chinese animation from 1949 to 1966, analyzing the complex interplay between politics and art during the ‘Seventeen Years’ period and its influence on the unique aesthetic of Chinese animation. During this time, Chinese animation served as both a showcase of artistic value and a political tool to advance the prevailing ideology, playing a key role in broadcasting political messages and shaping the depiction of socialist individuals. Through an examination of the themes, content, and artistic styles of animations, the study reveals how artists navigated political mandates to infuse their works with national identity and cultural meanings. Despite the political constraints that limited the diversity and creativity of animation, the period's animated works fulfilled an important social role and became a source of inspiration for subsequent projects, underscoring the distinctive appeal and growth potential of Chinese animation. The study contends that exploring Chinese animation within the ‘Seventeen Years’ framework not only sheds light on the importance of animation in specific historical contexts but also offers insights into the enduring relationship between art and politics, which continues to be significant in modern animation research and creation.

Understanding EFL Students’ Processing of Idiomatic Expressions Out of Context: Insights Gained From Think-Alouds

The current study examines how EFL students confront the difficulty of comprehending English idioms without supportive context. It aims to study the online processing strategies Saudi EFL learners employ when giving the meaning of English idioms. The Idiom Recognition Test (IRT) and Think-aloud protocol were used to vary and measure the idiom's difficulty and to analyze the processing of the idiom immediately after visual perception. Twenty frequently used idioms representing formal and informal English were selected. They were of three types: English idioms, which have identical forms and meanings of Arabic equivalents; English idioms, which have similar forms and meanings of Arabic equivalents; and English idioms, which differ from Arabic idioms. Results showed that most of the participants had difficulty interpreting the English idioms. Moreover, participants most often drew on the literal meaning, using the compositional parts of the idiom. Referring to an L1 idiom was the second most successful strategy but the fourth most often employed out of the six strategies. The third most effective strategy was background knowledge, yet it was the least used overall. Consequently, the results support all the idiom processing models that emphasize the literal meaning over the figurative one.

Undoing Gendered Identities? Centrality and Meanings of Parental and Work Identities in Semi-Traditional, Equal-Sharing and Role-Reversed Couples

This mixed-methods study explored the centrality and meanings of men’s and women’s parental and work-related identities by comparing semi-traditional, equal-sharing, and role-reversed couples. Quantitative analysis involved 2,813 British parents (1,380 men, 1,433 women) who were primary caregivers, primary breadwinners, or equal sharers with at least one child aged 11 or under. Qualitative analysis drew on 60 in-depth interviews with 10 couples from each of the three groups. Results indicated that the centrality of parental and work identities varied by role rather than gender, as both male and female caregivers reported less central work identities and more central parental identities compared to breadwinners and equal-sharers. Equal-sharers and role-reversers were characterized by women’s central work identity and men’s low centrality of work identity. In these couples, a `half and half` parenting ideology underlined the construction of mothering and fathering as equivalent interchangeable identities, each forming only one half of a child’s parenting. Intertwining their maternal identity with an equivalent construction of their partners’ identity allowed women to reconcile a good mother ideal with central work identities, by redefining mothering as a responsibility for only half of the caregiving.

Tracking China’s CO2 emissions using Kaya-LMDI for the period 1991–2022

The main aim of this study is to investigate how the different drivers regulating incremental CO2 emissions have evolved in China over seven five-year plans (1991–2022). The study also examines how these different drivers’ (including population, economic development, energy intensity, share of renewable energy and its productivity, and carbon intensity) regulating of CO2 emissions have changed. The results are obtained by employing Kaya identity and logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) methodology. Additionally, the Tapio method is utilized to study the decoupling elasticity history of carbon emissions from China’s economy. The decoupling of carbon emissions from the economy due to different drivers is further investigated, and the results may inform and assist policymakers in determining environmentally sustainable policies. The results reveal that the value added of CO2 emissions reached its highest point in the 10th five-year plan (FYP) and has decreased every year thereafter. Economic factor and renewable energy share factor are the main reasons for the increase in carbon emissions. Those emissions peaked in the 11th and 12th FYPs, respectively, and have been gradually declining in subsequent years. Meanwhile, the energy intensity factor, the renewable energy utilization factor, and the carbon emission intensity factor, as the key contributors to carbon emission reduction, have made monumental contributions to carbon emission reduction. These factors reached their highest levels in the 12th and 13th FYPs, respectively. China was still in a stage of weak decoupling at this stage, but the decoupling elasticity is gradually converging to zero. On an individual basis, energy intensity, carbon intensity, renewable energy productivity, and population factor have a much greater ability to decouple than economic factor and renewable energy share factor. Some implications are offered, including the improvement of population quality, the promotion of a green and low-carbon economy, and the innovation of energy efficiency.

Resolving nonuniform flow in gas turbines: challenges, progress, and moving forward

Abstract The flow in gas turbines exhibits a highly unsteady, complex and nonuniform manner, which presents two main challenges. Firstly, it introduces instrumentation errors, contributing to uncertainties when calculating one-dimensional performance metrics during rig or engine tests using fixed-location rakes. Secondly, it raises mechanical concerns, including high-cycle fatigue due to blade row interactions in turbomachines and thermal fatigue caused by hot-streaks at the combustor exit. Experimental characterisation of the flow nonuniformity in gas turbines is highly challenging due to the confined space and harsh environment for instrumentation. This paper presents recent efforts to address this issue by resolving the nonuniform flow in gas turbines using spatially under-sampled measurements. The proposed approach utilises discrete probe data and leverages a ‘Fourier-based approximation’ method developed by the author. The technique has undergone preliminary experimental validation involving reconstruction of the total pressure distribution in a multi-stage axial compressor and the total temperature field at the exit of the combustor and high-pressure turbine. Results show that, in the multi-stage axial compressor environment, reconstruction of inter-stage total pressure is achieved using a reduced dataset covering less than 20% of the annulus with reasonably good accuracy. The reconstructed total pressure yields almost identical mean total pressure values at all spanwise locations, with a maximum deviation of less than 0.02%. Additionally, reconstruction of the total temperature distribution at an engine-representative full annulus combustor is achieved using measurements at ten carefully selected circumferential locations. Results show that the reconstructed temperature field successfully captures the primary features associated with combustor exit temperature flow. The reconstructed temperature field yields excellent agreement in the magnitude of radial temperature distribution factor (RTDF) and overall temperature distribution factor (OTDF) predictions to the experiment, with a deviation of less than 0.5% for RTDF and less than 2.5% for OTDF. Lastly, reconstruction of the total temperature distribution at the exit of the GE E3 high-pressure turbine (HPT) is achieved using measurements at eight carefully selected circumferential locations. Results demonstrate remarkable robustness in resolving the temperature profile at the HPT exit with high fidelity, irrespective of the HPT inlet conditions. The initial validation results are promising, demonstrating that the new probe layout scheme and the Fourier-based approximation method enable effective characterisation of flow nonuniformity in gas turbines, thereby providing valuable insights into the complex flow of gas turbine engines.

“Troubled” Meanings: An Affect Control Theory Exploration of the Conflict in Northern Ireland

The Troubles in Northern Ireland ranks among the most violent periods in recent history. While social movements scholars have long sought to understand the conflict, often they do not include micro-level approaches. We use affect control theory and cultural meanings among Catholics gathered at the height of The Troubles to create prototypical group members and then simulate interactions across and between groups. Using cultural meanings gathered at a Catholic high school in Belfast in 1977, we find that Catholic (in-group) identities hold more positive meanings than Protestant identities. This remains true for identities within the paramilitary organizations and non-combatant identities. However, we find that the meanings of combatant identities are much lower in evaluation—a measure of goodness—than non-combatant identities. Our simulations suggest that interactions between groups are expected to be relatively innocuous. However, we do find that, in simulations, combatants—on both sides of the conflict—are expected to interact negatively with others. These findings and the methods we use suggest future avenues for both researchers and policymakers to better understand conflict and peacemaking.

Bill 7633 on the restriction of the use of Russian text sources in Ukrainian research and education: analysing language policy in times of war

AbstractFor centuries, Ukraine has been a site of conflicts over language rights. During 70 years of Soviet leadership, Ukraine experienced’relentless Russification’ (Reznik in Language of conflict: discourses of the Ukrainian crisis (pp. 169–191). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 2020 p. 170). After breaking from Soviet rule, the Ukrainian language became an increasingly powerful symbol and means of national identity. Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the language issues have gained yet more public and political attention. Addressing the urgency, the Ukrainian parliament adopted, in the first reading, Bill 7633, aiming to restrict the use of any Russian sources in Ukrainian school and academia, a bill that was met with criticism and experienced intensified debates. This article analyses a range of text sources (both governmental and non-governmental) debating Bill 7633, using Discourse Analysis, and reveals how ‘liberal values’ and ‘lived liberalism’ (Fedirko et al. in Social Anthropol/Anthropol soc 29(2):373–386, 2021) are practiced or violated through problematising or justifying the Bill. Thus, the article contributes to the (recently emerged, i.e. since the start of Russian annexation of the Crimea in 2014) body of research on political and public discourses of the Ukrainian conflict (Epstein in Studies in East Eur Thought 74(4), 475–481; Jones, 2020; Lanvers and Lunyova in Eur J Lang Policy 15(1), 25–68; Slobozhan et al. in Soc Netw Anal Min 12(1), 1–12, 2022). Results show a comprehensive range of arguments both for and against Bill 7633 in both governmental and non-governmental texts which is interpreted as a form of liberalism in fragments (Fedirko in Social Anthropol/Anthropol Soc, 29(2), 471–489, 2021). The conclusion debates the unreserved applicability of western conceptualisation of liberal language policy in the context of war and prolonged linguistic contestations.

Are we heroes or couriers? A phenomenological study on reappropriation of professional subjectivity and agency among health professionals during COVID-19 contact tracing in Türkiye

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Türkiye implemented a distinctive contact tracing approach involving in-person home visits by medical professionals to individuals who tested positive for the virus. This study examines the experiences of health professionals involved in contact tracing, exploring how they reappropriated their professional subjectivity and agency during their deployment in this role. It is an interpretive phenomenological qualitative study. We conducted 21 semi-structured in-depth interviews, subsequently carried out two separate focus group interviews with an additional 31 participants from various districts in Istanbul. Participants were selected from different medical professions (i.e. doctors, nurses, midwives), career stages, gender and age groups, and hierarchical levels (i.e. officers and directors). Data analysis was conducted collaboratively by the research team from sociology and public health disciplines.Our main finding is that for the majority of health professionals, contact tracing was a novel experience with challenges and ambivalances. Yet, regardless of their perceptions (positive, negative, or mixed), the experience promoted a reaffirmation of professional identity and reappropriation of professional subjectivity and agency, which discloses that professional subjectivity is not firm but dynamic, carrying stability as well as flexibility and adjustment. Four main themes are identified in their reappropriation of professional subjectivity and agency: uncovering professional fulfillment, feeling restrained in professional dissatisfaction, assessing the job, and engaging in professional and bureaucratic negotiations.The profound exploration into the dynamics of contact tracing amidst the pandemic illuminates a multidimensional narrative that transcends the conventional discourse on physical and psychological stress experienced by medical professionals. Contact tracing experience had a transformative impact on meaning and purpose of professional identity. Our findings highlight a need for a balanced approach between centralized decision-making, mobilization of professionals, quantitative evaluation, and professional autonomy and discretion, qualitative assessments, and meaningful engagement.

Living the tradition: the formation of gaucho masculine identities over time

Identity is a sociocultural construct influenced by markers such as race, gender, nationality, and traditions, and in the gacuho context, beliefs and customs historically transmitted since the colonization of the territory shape masculinities. Manoelito de Ornellas, in his work "Gaúchos e Beduínos: The Ethnic Origin and Social Formation of Rio Grande do Sul" (1956), aims to reclaim the gaucho essence, portraying the man as a courageous, virile, and honorable hero. Thus, a reflection on these values can contribute to the understanding of gaucho masculinities formed through traditionalism. The objective of this study is to reflect on the representations and meanings of gaucho male identities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, based on read and interpretation of Ornellas' work, as well as anthropological references on male identity.

A Linear Fit for Atomic Force Microscopy Nanoindentation Experiments on Soft Samples

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation is a powerful technique for determining the mechanical properties of soft samples at the nanoscale. The Hertz model is typically used for data processing when employing spherical indenters for small indentation depths (h) compared to the radius of the tip (R). When dealing with larger indentation depths, Sneddon’s equations can be used instead. In such cases, the fitting procedure becomes more intricate. Nevertheless, as the h/R ratio increases, the force–indentation curves tend to become linear. In this paper the potential of using the linear segment of the curve (for h > R) to determine Young’s modulus is explored. Force–indentation data from mouse and human lung tissues were utilized, and Young’s modulus was calculated using both conventional and linear approximation methods. The linear approximation proved to be accurate in all cases. Gaussian functions were applied to the results obtained from both classic Sneddon’s equations and the simplified approach, resulting in identical distribution means. Moreover, the simplified approach was notably unaffected by contact point determination. The linear segment of the force–indentation curve in deep spherical indentations can accurately determine the Young’s modulus of soft materials at the nanoscale.

Statistical techniques to assess publication integrity in groups of randomized trials: a narrative review

ObjectivesTo describe statistical tools available for assessing publication integrity of groups of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Study Design and SettingNarrative review. ResultsFreely available statistical tools have been developed that compare the observed distributions of baseline variables with the expected distributions that would occur if successful randomization occurred. For continuous variables, the tools assess baseline means, baseline P values, and the occurrence of identical means and/or standard deviation. For categorical variables, they assess baseline P values, frequency counts for individual or all variables, numbers of trial participants randomized or withdrawing, and compare reported with independently calculated P values. The tools have been used to identify publication integrity concerns in RCTs from individual groups, and performed at an acceptable level in discriminating intentionally fabricated baseline summary data from genuine RCTs. The tools can be used when concerns have been raised about RCT(s) from an individual/group and when the whole body of their work is being examined, when conducting systematic reviews, and could be adapted to aid screening of RCTs at journal submission. ConclusionStatistical tools are useful for the assessment of publication integrity of groups of RCTs.

A Qualitative Study of the Meaning of Food and Religious Identity

ObjectiveTo identify common themes of the meaning of food among people who identify with a specific religious tradition, particularly focusing on potential applications for nutrition education and professional practice at multiple levels of the Social-Ecological Model. DesignVirtual and in-person focus groups were used to collect qualitative data. SettingA midsized city in eastern Washington State. ParticipantsNine focus groups (n = 35), each representing a distinct religious congregation. Phenomenon of InterestMeaning of food in the context of religion. AnalysisQualitative, reflexive thematic analysis using web-based software to organize data. ResultsFour key themes were identified that applied to both of the overarching focus group topic areas (general and religious): (1) food fosters connection, (2) food influences health, (3) relationships with food are complicated, and (4) food choices reflect values. Subthemes were specific to topic areas. In religious contexts, the meaning of food was more likely understood at a community level in addition to individual and relational levels of the Social-Ecological Model. Conclusions and ImplicationsAcknowledgment and consideration of the religious identities of patients and clients may provide greater opportunities for community connection, which may have potential implications for community-level nutrition interventions.

PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI DAN BRANDING CAMILAN COKLAT CHIPS PADA BEEMA BROWNIES

BEEMA Brownies, a snack manufacturer, has started producing snacks in the form of Brownies-flavored Choco Chips and several other flavors made from good quality ingredients without artificial sweeteners and preservatives. Even though in the middle of a pandemic, we are still optimistic that we can capture a sufficient consumer market because the market need for healthy snacks is still very much needed. With the implementation of Phase 1 activities, namely the provision of production equipment, namely ovens, product packaging tools and 2 sets of baking sheet equipment, the current production capacity of Beema Brownies has increased from a maximum of 150/package per day with an average product requirement of around 100-200 packs/sold. day to 300/pack per day using the 2 ovens that you already have. Training on the use of the equipment provided has also been carried out so that BEEMA production employees are able to use the newly provided oven equipment and packaging equipment. The amount of production has been able to meet the average demand every day. BEEMA Chocochips has also increased the HR capabilities of 2 employees who help produce in an effort to increase the amount of Chocochips production. By having a website for UKM BEEMA Chocchips, they already have the means for digital identity and digital promotional content for their products so that they are known to the wider community. Keywords: Brownies, Production, Website

Single-photon sources based on incomplete binary-tree multiplexers with optimized inputs

We analyze single-photon sources based on minimum-based, maximum-logic output-extended incomplete binary-tree multiplexers assuming different input mean photon numbers in each of the multiplexed units. This approach results in maximal single-photon probabilities higher than those achieved with optimal identical input mean photon numbers. The proposed technique decreases the multiphoton noise of the sources and it is especially advantageous for lower detector efficiencies. We show that assuming different input mean photon numbers in the multiplexed units, single-photon sources based on the analyzed multiplexers outperform those based on asymmetric multiplexers for the major part of the considered parameter range.

Harmony through Time: The Evolution and Impact of Music from Ancient Roots to Contemporary Realms

This paper explores the evolution of music, from its origins in traditional tunes created by unknown authors, to its current status as a multi-billion-dollar industry. It discusses how musical instruments have transformed over centuries, from ancient African drums to modern electronic synthesizers, and how these transformations have influenced different musical expressions. The paper also examines the societal, technological, and cultural shifts that have shaped the trajectory of music, with a particular emphasis on the significant impact of advancements in recording and distribution technologies. Furthermore, it explores the profound significance of music in human experience, highlighting its role as a universal language that transcends linguistic, cultural, and temporal boundaries. Drawing on biblical references and historical accounts, the paper emphasizes the enduring relevance of music as a means of emotional expression, cultural identity, and spiritual connection. Ultimately, it advocates for discernment in musical choices and the pursuit of uplifting and harmonious melodies when navigating the everchanging music landscape. Keywords: Music Evolution, Cultural Significance, Musical Instruments, Music language.

Ring Oscillator Based True Random Number Generator

Abstract: A true random number generator (TRNG), also known as a hardware random number generator (HRNG), does not use a computer algorithm. Instead, it uses an external unpredictable physical variable such as stochastic models to generate random numbers. Here it gathers data from random electronic signals. Then, the data is converted into digital form and any patterns registered are removed to make it random. This data is used to create random numbers. It is mainly used in Cryptographic Security, authentication, secure communications, e-commerce transactions, Digital Signatures etc. In Existing Method, LFSR based TRNGs generate pseudo random numbers. They produce sequences of bits that appear random but are deterministic and repeat after a certain number of cycles known as the period. They are easy to predict and are not suitable for high security applications. This project aim is to overcome such circumstances, we use TERO(Three Edge Ring Oscillator) based TRNG. Three edges are simultaneously injected by each inverting NAND stage with enable signal Run. These edges will have an identical mean period since they propagate through the same stages. The TERO generates an oscillating signal with a frequency determined by the delay of inverters. TDC (Time to Digital Converter) is used to precisely measure the time intervals between the rising edges of TEROs output signal. Then, it converts time intervals into digital values, effectively generating truly random numbers. Power consumption depends on factors like operating frequency and load capacitance. The Software used is Xilinx Vivado/Xilinx ISE Tools. Here the Proposed Method exquisitely balances Low design effort and resource consumption with high throughput and high randomness.