Identical Form Research Articles

Re-interpretation of the Two-World Background of Special Relativity as Four-World Background II

Coexisting four universes in separate four-dimensional spacetimes constitute four-world background for the special theory of relativity (SR) in each universe, as developed in previous papers. The fact that the four universes exhibit perfect symmetry of state and perfect symmetry of natural laws is shown in this paper. The many universes concept involved is entitled compartment universes. Compartment universes are coexisting symmetrical universes in different fourdimensional spacetimes of identical extents. Material particles and bodies are symmetrically distributed in spacetimes and the same natural laws take on identical forms in compartment universes. These features differentiate the compartment universes concept from the multiverse of inflationary cosmology and the parallel branes of M-theory. The compartment universes concept opens new vista for many-world interpretations of the natural laws, as demonstrated for the special theory of relativity already, and it is a potential platform for the uniform formulation of the natural laws. Investigation of the possible existence of larger number of compartment universes than four and many-world interpretations of gravitation and other natural laws in the compartment universes picture are recommended.

Plasmodium ouropretensis, n. sp., a new case of non-erythrocytic species within lizard malaria parasites.

Delimiting and describing Plasmodium species in reptiles remains a pressing problem in Haemosporida taxonomy. The few morphological characters used can overlap, and the significance of some life-history traits is not fully understood. Morphologically identical lizard Plasmodium forms have been reported infecting different cell types (red and white blood cells) in the same host and have been considered the same species. An example is Plasmodium tropiduri tropiduri, a species known to infect erythrocytes, thrombocytes and lymphocyte-like cells. Here, both forms of P. t. tropiduri were analysed using light microscope-based morphological characteristics and phylogenetic inferences based on almost complete mitochondrial genomes of parasites naturally infecting lizards in southeastern Brazil. Although morphologically similar, two distinct phylogenetic lineages infecting erythrocytes and non-erythrocytic cells were found. The lineage found in the erythrocytes forms a monophyletic group with species from Colombia. However, the non-erythrocytic lineage shares a recent common ancestor with Plasmodium leucocytica, which infects leucocytes in lizards from the Caribbean islands. Here, Plasmodium ouropretensis n. sp. is described as a species that infects thrombocytes and lymphocyte-like cells.

Does Sport Education promote equitable game-play participation? Effects of learning context and students’ sex and skill-level

This study conducted an innovative quantitative examination of the level of student game-play participation during two, consecutive and ‘naturalistically’ implemented, Sport Education (SE) seasons, while taking into account students’ sex and skill-level and the activity participation context (team practice/competition, handball/football). A total of 24 eighth-grade students (nine girls, 15 boys; Mage12.9±1.3) were affiliated in three teams of eight players (five boys and three girls per team) to participate in two consecutive SE seasons (handball: 12×45-min lessons; football: 12×45-min lessons). Students’ participation time in identical small-sided game forms was measured in team practice and competition contexts and analysed through four participation indicators (total, mean, structural, and intra-team participation). T-Test analysis examined differences between girls/boys and lower-skilled/higher-skilled students, in each season. Repeated measures T-Test analysed differences between the two seasons, for each variable and group and each participation context. Overall, although there was a relatively equitable participation of students in the game-play activities of the two seasons, the students’ ‘skill-level’ was a more influential variable in their participation than the variable ‘sex’. The higher-skilled students had higher total participation time than lower-skilled students in the second season (football). There was a more balanced interplay in girls’ and boys’ time of participation in the activities, although boys showed higher participation than girls (mean participation and intra-team participation) in the competition context of football. Teachers who seek equitable participation of students in learning activities should consider the social and cultural context of students and the situated effect of SE implementation, balancing team practice with competition activities.

A model selection framework to quantify microvascular liver function in gadoxetate‐enhanced MRI: Application to healthy liver, diseased tissue, and hepatocellular carcinoma

We introduce a novel, generalized tracer kinetic model selection framework to quantify microvascular characteristics of liver and tumor tissue in gadoxetate-enhanced dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Our framework includes a hierarchy of nested models, from which physiological parameters are derived in 2 regimes, corresponding to the active transport and free diffusion of gadoxetate. We use simulations to show the sensitivity of model selection and parameter estimation to temporal resolution, time-series duration, and noise. We apply the framework in 8 healthy volunteers (time-series duration up to 24 minutes) and 10 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (6 minutes). The active transport regime is preferred in 98.6% of voxels in volunteers, 82.1% of patients' non-tumorous liver, and 32.2% of tumor voxels. Interpatient variations correspond to known co-morbidities. Simulations suggest both datasets have sufficient temporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, while patient data would be improved by using a time-series duration of at least 12 minutes. In patient data, gadoxetate exhibits different kinetics: (a) between liver and tumor regions and (b) within regions due to liver disease and/or tumor heterogeneity. Our generalized framework selects a physiological interpretation at each voxel, without preselecting a model for each region or duplicating time-consuming optimizations for models with identical functional forms.

Modern concept of interpretation of the cash flow economic essence and its classification

Introduction. At the present stage of economic development, it is impossible to imagine the activities of an economic entity in any industry without paying in cash. Today, the study of the nature of cash is one of the most promising, as increasing the efficiency of economic activity of the entity is based on maintaining its financial stability and maximizing profits, as well as the value of the entity, which is formed by organizing cash flows. Under the condition of controlling the constant movement of cash flows, businesses have the opportunity to provide a high level of economic potential. Thus, a critical analysis of the nature and classification of cash is not only relevant but also necessary. Purpose. As the concept of “cash” is not regulated at the legislative level, its essence and classification features can be explained in different ways. The purpose of the paper is to study the problems of economic essence and classification of funds, generalization and optimization of results. Results. A critical analysis of the economic essence of cash. The problems of economic essence of money and their classification are studied. The essence of the concept of “cash flow” is investigated. The results of critical analysis are generalized and optimized. Conclusion. We have the opportunity to draw the following conclusions: cash – liquid assets of the entity, including cash on hand, bank accounts, cash in transit, electronic money, deposits, etc., on which depends the financial potential of the entity, the prospect of achieving financial goals of any level and which guarantee solvency, financial stability and liquidity of the business entity; сash flows – is the economic process of receipt and expenditure of cash costs in identical and non-cash form, generated in the course of economic activity of the entity, distributed according to production needs in times and spaces to ensure solvency and high efficiency. Thus, a critical analysis of the nature and classification of cash in the process of organizing and conducting business activities, proved that the study of the nature of cash, their qualifications is not only relevant and necessary, but requires further research.

A framework to design interaction control of aerial slung load systems: transfer from existing flight control of under-actuated aerial vehicles

This paper establishes a framework within which interaction control is designed for the aerial slung load system composed of an underactuated aerial vehicle, a cable and a load. Instead of developing a new control law for the system, we propose the interaction control scheme by the controllers for under-actuated aerial systems. By selecting the deferentially flat output as the configuration, the equations of motion of the two systems are described in an identical form. The flight control task of the under-actuated aerial vehicle is thus converted into the control of the aerial slung load system. With the help of an admittance filter, the compliant trajectory is generated for the load subject to external interaction force. Moreover, the convergence of the whole system is proved by using the boundedness of the tracking error of vehicle attitude tracking as well as the estimation error of external force. Based on the developed theoretical results, an example is provided to illustrate the design algorithm of interaction controller for the aerial slung load via an existing flight controller directly. The correctness and applicability of the obtained results are demonstrated via the illustrative numerical example.

Constructionist basis of composing and translating political speeches: A case study of President Trump’s inaugural address

Application of the principles and tenets of cognitive linguistics to translation studies rests on the assumption that both of them employ the same meaning process while working with a text. Procedures implemented to translate the inaugural address of American President Trump have been regarded from the point of view of Construction Grammar. The construction is viewed as the main translation unit representing source linguistic material below the level of the text. The paper singles out from the translation of President Trump’s inaugural address equivalent constructions with identical form and meaning and non-equivalent pairings indicating transformations of structure or semantics in the original constructions. Syntactical modifications include the change of word order, grammar tenses or omission of construction component, while lexical transformations result in generalization, carried out by words with more abstract meaning than those in the source construction; simplification, representing separate objects or features from the array of denoted in the source pairing; and specification accentuating and detailing particular entities.

Retraction

Based on the decision of the Editorial Board of the journal "Vojnosanitetski pregled", made at the meeting of the members of the Editorial Board on November 09, 2021, the following article is retracted from the Journal because it was published earlier in almost identical form ("duplicate publication"): Nevenka Pavlovic, Ljiljana Markovic Denic, Katarina Vojvodic. Application of a geographic information system in the study of spatial aspects of cervical cancer incidence in Belgrade Vojnosanit Pregl 2020; 77(4):373-381 (DOI: 10.2298/VSP180412095P) Previously published article: Pavlovic Nevenka, Rakic U, Ristic J, Vojvodic K. Application of geographic information system in perceiving spatial distribution of incidence of cervical cancer in Belgrade. In: Pavlovic N, editor, Proccedings of the 25th Conference "Modern approach in the prevention of infectious and noninfectious diseases". Belgrade: Institute of Public Health of Belgrade; pp. 79-96. (ISBN 978-86- 83069-41-5) (Serbian). <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/VSP180412095P ">10.2298/VSP180412095P</a></b></u>

“&” — “Or” — “If ” — “Then” (“&” — “Eller” — “Hvis” — “Så”) by Solvej Balle: Identifying genre

The aim of this article is to contribute to a deeper understanding of Danish minimalism by performing a genre analysis of Solvej Balle’s four short prose books (brief fictional prose) — “&”, “Or”, “If ” and “Then” — written over a 23-year period, between 1990 and 2013. The four texts are connected by a commonality of motifs and thematic elements, identical form and linguistic structure and therefore they comprise a rather unusual tetralogy. Balle’s texts are viewed in the context of the development of Danish literature of that period with an emphasis on minimalist aesthetics and their origins. Balle belongs to a generation of writers associated with the flourishing of minimalism in Danish literature at the end of the 20th century. The characteristic features of her few works are their intellectual elitism and elaborate, sophisticated form. All of her works are experimental, but the four texts of the “tetralogy” are the quintessence of a genre experiment in search of a new minimal aesthetic. The article deals with the characteristic features of the formal organisation of the four books, including their linguistic structure that indicate the cross-genre nature of Balle’s texts and allow to identify them as a hybrid of a pointillist novel and a prose poem.

Analysis of parallel Schwarz algorithms for time-harmonic problems using block Toeplitz matrices

In this work we study the convergence properties of the one-level parallel Schwarz method with Robin transmission conditions applied to the one-dimensional and two-dimensional Helmholtz and Maxwell's equations. One-level methods are not scalable in general. However, it has recently been proven that when impedance transmission conditions are used in the case of the algorithm being applied to the equations with absorption, then, under certain assumptions, scalability can be achieved and no coarse space is required. We show here that this result is also true for the iterative version of the method at the continuous level for strip-wise decompositions into subdomains that are typically encountered when solving wave-guide problems. The convergence proof relies on the particular block Toeplitz structure of the global iteration matrix. Although non-Hermitian, we prove that its limiting spectrum has a near identical form to that of a Hermitian matrix of the same structure. We illustrate our results with numerical experiments.

ФАРФОР ЖУ ЯО И ПРИНЦИПЫ МИНИМАЛИЗМА: К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ЧУВСТВА ФОРМЫ

The comparison of various artistic phenomena, which are separated geographically and chronologically, is a complicated analytical precedent. The matching requires stable criteria, and a distance (spatial, temporal, cultural or artistic) makes the difficulties to the formulation of analytical principles. Different historical epochs form their own independent systems, which do not always imply the possibility of the direct comparison. At the same time, such juxtaposition gives possibility to identify common pictorial and ideological principles of artistic structures, which don’t have the strict identical forms. The comparison of separated artistic phenomena allows to determine the common platform of culture and to discover the integral principle of various artistic systems. This article is devoted to the comparing of two independent art systems. The Chinese Ru ware pottery of the Song dynasty and the international minimalism of the 1960s and 1980s are distanced one from another both territorially and chronologically. At the same time, they are close artistic systems, where the unifying factor is the idea and the sense of form. Within the framework of the article, the very possibility of comparing different artistic systems is considered. The text examines the possible criteria of such comparison. It raises the questions on the principles of the artistic relations. The starting point of the work is the specification of the basic characteristics for the Ru ware pottery and the determination of the basic principles of international minimalism of the 1960s and 1980s. The article examines the specific features and peculiarities of Ru ware pottery, which, despite its popularity, is not enough studied in the Russian analytical space. Besides, the text indicates the specific features of European and American minimalism. This direction also presents material for systematic study. One of the main tasks for this work is the presentation of key parameters related to the form elements of Ru ware pottery and the description of conceptual components related to the international minimalism. Comparing these two systems, authors refer to the basic categories of European theory of art, which appearance is associated with the names of Wilhelm Vorringer and Henry Welflin. The main criteria that allows to compare these artistic trends is «the sense of form» - the concept that was determined in German art-theory in the first half of the XXth century. The use of this categories and the discovery of the concept of the sense of form, allows to show a parallel between the principles of Ru ware pottery and the system of international minimalism of the second half of the XXth century.

Taking Hold of the Future: Active Childbirth Practices and Beliefs in Romania (in the Home Country and in Migration)

The relatively recent urbanization process in Romania allowed traditional knowledge to be transmitted, despite industrialization and technology diffusion. Childbirth is still a mysterious event, and magic thinking fills in the gaps of science in order to keep parents confident and at peace. Taboos are obeyed after birth and before christening, only to reach the phase when the future can be moulded: specific elements are chosen for the ritual bath, the child has to touch several objects that would make them smart, a good singer, etc. A year later, their future occupation will be predicted in a specific ceremony. All these active practices are found in urbanites’ families, and also in Romanian immigrant communities in Western Europe. Rituals are mostly compared to neighbouring countries, but also to other distant cultures that show striking similarities. This large geographical spread indicates Indo-European synergies. The identical form of the post-liminal practice of haircutting in Eastern Europe and the Asian rite of passage have not been previously dwelt upon, and it implies the existence of traditional thinking universalia.

Labile anticausatives in Jordanian Arabic

AbstractThis study examines the morpho-syntax of labile anticausative structures in Jordanian Arabic (JA). Although the transitive counterpart of anticausatives is marked via morphological affixes that reflect structural and lexical components in Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic, a number of verbs involving causative alternation exhibit identical forms in JA (e.g.,ġala[+T] ‘to CAUSE boil something’ vsġala[–T] ‘to BECOME boil’). Such variation poses challenges for mapping between verb morphology and its lexical semantics. To handle such variation, which is also observed cross-linguistically, we argue in favour of Schäfer (2008; 2012), Schäfer & Vivanco (2015), and Ramchand’s (2008) “causer-less” analysis over Koontz-Garboden’s (2009) “reflexive” analysis. This work further assumes the existence of a Voice phrase lacking a specifier (external argument) and assumes that Voice projection is headed by an implied Voice head (vcauser) that syntactically assigns the accusative case to its new subject and semantically encodes the internal argument and describes the resultant subevent of the verb. The work also provides an alternative solution for voice projection that lacks an explicit specifier bearing [+agent] or [+causer] feature specification. The work assumes the presence of an inchoative Voice head [vinch] introducing the Spec Voice Phrase, which encodes an inchoative resultant state of an event achieved over its theme. Contrary to Al-Qadi (2015), the present model assumes that such verbs constitute a middle position between transitive and intransitive verbs in JA but do not constitute a separate class of their own. Evidently, the correct characterization of the anticausative subclass distribution is that it surfaces wherever v is transitive as well as in intransitive volitional contexts (a non-natural class). More intriguingly, the presented material suggests that there is an ongoing process of diachronic change in spoken Arabic varieties (including JA) that amounts to the development and expansion of an inchoative class where no external or internal inchoative detransitivizing morphemes are involved. This topic, which incorporates an intriguing diachronic dimension in addition to the syntactic details, is missing from the generative literature on Arabic morpho-syntax and is potentially of sufficient interest to merit investigation.

Fundamentos romanísticos del delito de traición en el Código Penal español de 1822

El delito de traición, desde la perspectiva penal occidental, y en concreto española, encuentra su génesis dentro del ordenamiento jurídico romano. De esta forma, nuestro primer Código Penal, de 1822, dedica espacio para el delito de traición exponiendo cuáles serán sus diferentes supuestos: todos ellos nacen en un contexto de guerra con el enemigo, momento en que, por varias vías, un español puede adquirir el calificativo penal de traidor. Esta situación se reproduce en forma idéntica en los cuerpos normativos romanos, donde encontramos la fundamentación penal del crimen aplicado en el Código español. En ambos periodos, la traición supondrá que, o bien un romano, o bien un español, atente, en la forma que fuere, contra las estructuras del Estado constituido, poniendo así en grave riesgo la supervivencia de la comunidad ciudadana.

A systematic review of internet-based interventions for women with chronic pain

Introduction To evaluate the effects of internet-based interventions on physical and psychosocial outcomes in women with chronic pain through a systematic review. Method A search of the following electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Two different authors separately tabulated the indices selected in identical predetermined forms. The methodological quality of all randomised trials was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias. Results Seven articles were finally included. The main features of interventions included online cognitive-behavioural and/or psychoeducation therapy to improve health with an interactive component. The methodological quality showed a high risk of bias, mainly from a lack of blinding. Conclusion There are indicators that suggest that internet-based interventions may be useful for women with chronic pain. However, the validity of such a conclusion is limited as most trials included had a high risk of bias. More rigorous research is required before stating that such interventions can overcome the current limitations of traditional face-to-face care.

Географски апелативи и термини у језерско-шаранској топономастици

In this paper, the author discusses the basic models of naming toponyms from the lexical fund of geographical apelativs and terms in the јezera-šarani area. The author will pay special attention to: single member identical forms of apelativs and toponyms, apelativs that function as full-fledged toponymic names only with some determinant in the two-membered syntagmatic name and apelativs that are in everyday communication in the examined area, but cannot serve in any forms as toponyms. The naming of toponyms from the lexical fund that make up geographical appellations and terms is one of the most common models. Numerous metaphorical names (Плеће, Лица, Ждријело, Кук) in which the most diverse semantic nuances are compacted and condensed indicate not only the way of origin of toponyms, but also the creative power and vitality of the inhabitants of this area. In the examined area, we usually have an identical form for the appellation and for the toponym (Врела, Крш, До, Влаке). Other appellatives appear as toponyms only in the syntagmatic connection (Борова глава, Црквена зараван), and some do not appear at all in the function of toponyms (мргуља, станац, рипа). The method of naming toponyms is widespread when, in addition to a geographical appellation and a term, an adjective determinant is usually added in order to provide closer onomastic information: toponyms with regard to shape, position and appearance (Шиљати крш, Пријеко врело, Кривача), toponyms of certain relations to others toponyms (Горњи и Доњи тавани), toponyms named according to quality or some characteristic feature (Суво поље, Добри до, Црни врх), toponyms originating from phytonyms (Борова глава, Јасике, Орашац), and zoonyms (Међеђе брдо, Кокошије рупе), toponyms by affiliation (Лалетин до, Рамово Ждријело), etc.

Magnetic-moment probability distribution of a quantum charged particle in thermodynamic equilibrium

We consider a quantum charged particle moving in the $xy$ plane under the action of a uniform perpendicular constant magnetic field, in the presence of a parabolic binding potential. The magnetic-moment operator has a continuous spectrum, and its eigenfunctions in the momentum representation are expressed in terms of modified Bessel functions. The probability distribution of the magnetic moment in the thermodynamic equilibrium state is calculated. At zero temperature, it has a simple exponential form in the diamagnetic region, with a sharp jump to zero at the origin. With an increase of temperature, a paramagnetic wing of the distribution becomes more and more pronounced. In the high-temperature regime, the diamagnetic and paramagnetic wings of the distribution have almost identical forms, described with a high precision by simple exponential functions with very large extensions. Therefore, diamagnetic and paramagnetic contributions almost cancel each other. The remaining non-zero diamagnetic value is due to a small asymmetry of the distribution nearby the origin, where some nonexponential fine structure is observed. The total width of the distribution function strongly depends on the strength of the binding potential. Strong fluctuations of the magnetic moment (described in terms of the variance) are discovered in all temperature regimes.

Slope invariant T -linear resistivity from local self-energy

A theoretical understanding of the enigmatic linear-in-temperature (T) resistivity, ubiquitous in strongly correlated metallic systems, has been a long sought-after goal. Furthermore, the slope of this robust T-linear resistivity is also observed to stay constant through crossovers between different temperature regimes: a phenomenon we dub “slope invariance.” Recently, several solvable models with T-linear resistivity have been proposed, putting us in an opportune moment to compare their inner workings in various explicit calculations. We consider two strongly correlated models with local self-energies that demonstrate T linearity: a lattice of coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models and the Hubbard model in single-site dynamical mean-field theory. We find that the two models achieve T linearity through distinct mechanisms at intermediate temperatures. However, we also find that these mechanisms converge to an identical form at high temperatures. Surprisingly, both models exhibit “slope invariance” across the two temperature regimes. Thus not only do we reveal some of the diversity in the theoretical inner workings that can lead to T-linear resistivity, but we also establish that different mechanisms can result in “slope invarance.”Received 28 October 2019Revised 10 July 2020Accepted 16 July 2020Corrected 11 December 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.033434Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasElectrical conductivityPhysical SystemsStrongly correlated systemsTechniquesDynamical mean field theoryHubbard modelNon-Fermi-liquid theorySachdev-Ye-Kitaev modelCondensed Matter & Materials Physics

Measurement of the reliability of pharmacy staff and simulated patient reports of non-prescription medicine requests in community pharmacies.

The use of simulated patients (SPs) in pharmacy practice research has become an established method to observe practice. The reliability of data reported using this method in comparison to pharmacy staff self-reported behaviour has yet to be ascertained. To compare the inter-rater agreement of pharmacy staff and SP-reported data to researcher-reported data from audio recordings of SP encounters. A dataset of 352 audio-recorded SP encounters was generated in March-October 2015 by 61 undergraduate pharmacy students completing SP visits to 36 community pharmacies in Sydney, Australia. Post-visit scores were recorded on data collection forms by SPs. Staff completed self-assessments on identical forms immediately after the encounter. Two-hundred-and-seventy visits were randomly selected as the sample for this study, where the researcher independently scored encounters via audio recordings. Inter-rater agreement was calculated through intra-class correlation (ICC) and weighted kappa analyses. Analysis of staff scores returned ICC values of 0.48 (95% CI:0.38-0.56; p<0.001) for information gathering and 0.63 (95% CI:0.55-0.70; p<0.001) for total score. Weighted kappa for information rating was 0.30 (95% CI:0.21-0.38; p<0.001) and 0.43 (95% CI:0.34-0.51; p<0.001) for overall outcome. ICC values for SPs were 0.91 (95% CI:0.88-0.93; p<0.001) and 0.90 (95% CI:0.87-0.92; p<0.001) for information gathering and total scores respectively. Weighted kappa values were 0.44 (95% CI:0.37-0.52; p<0.001) for information rating and 0.63 (95% CI:0.55-0.70; p<0.001) for overall outcome. Pharmacy staff self-reported their behaviour with a poor degree of reliability. Conversely, SPs had a high level of agreement with the researcher scoring from audio recordings. Disagreement for both groups of raters was most apparent in rating the information provided and overall appropriateness of outcome. Future research should investigate this discrepancy between staff-reported behaviour and actual behaviour and consider the implications of this discrepancy in the interpretation of self-reported data.

Architecture and storage in Mediterranean environments: Case studies from the Aegean and southern California

This paper offers a comparative look at the organization of built space and storage for sedentary communities in the world's Mediterranean climatic regions and assesses the variable expressions of certain underlying features that are held in common. Our analysis focuses on two primary case studies: the occupants of the Aegean Sea region from the Neolithic to Roman periods (ca. 6800 BCE-168 CE) and the coastal Chumash of southern California during the Late Period (1300–1782 CE). We show that in both regions, households took advantage of outdoor spaces as productive activity areas during the long periods of favorable weather each year. This incorporation of exterior spaces was typically structured using clear visual cues or architecture. Additionally, surplus food was acquired by individual households and stored to mitigate the inherent risks of interannual variability in precipitation and expected annual periods of lower yield (i.e., winter). Since storage was typically organized at the household level, the domestic architecture often incorporated dedicated space or built facilities to manage this surplus. By understanding such climatic influences on the regions' architecture and storage infrastructure, the distinct cultural qualities of these expressions can be better articulated. While it is not our contention that these attributes manifested identical outward architectural and material forms or were exclusive to Mediterranean environments, we suggest that the environment was an important influence on construction and storage decisions which could be adapted according to the local histories of their respective communities.