Postmodern Ideas Research Articles

The problem of the local in philosophical tradition and in modern philosophy of culture

The present article is concerned with the problem of the local in the history of philosophy and in contemporary philosophy of culture. It emphasizes the relevance and interdisciplinary essence of this problem. The evolution of the concepts “local” and “locality” in classical and contemporary philosophy (by the example of the concepts of individual thinkers) is traced, and the meaning of these concepts for understanding the contemporary cultural context is determined. So, in particular, the development of ideas about the localization of an object in space in ancient philosophy (in Plato) is traced. The problem of the local in non-classical and post-non-classical philosophy is considered in connection with the problem of the crisis of cultural values. An attempt is made to define the concept of “locality” as a cultural phenomenon based on the analysis of the works of P. Sloterdijk, I. Hassan, J. Baudrillard and others, as well as the latest scientific publications. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the problem of the local as a philosophical concept, and at the same time, the phenomenon of culture, in the framework of postmodern ideas, the theory of cultural globalization, in the microspherology of P. Sloterdijk. The principle of “indetermanence” by I. Hassan, which most fully reveals the postmodern rejection of hierarchical structuring of culture and the process of transition from centering to scattering, to peripheral dislocation of cultural objects and phenomena, is considered as a kind of “methodological basis” of the analysis of locality as a cultural phenomenon. Locality is defined by the author of the article as “a certain holistic microworld (microsphere) formed by a person or a group of people as part of his (their) lifeworld and accumulating key values, ideas, symbols, etc., that are particularly significant for these people”. The main features of locality as a cultural phenomenon are considered: a) attachment to a particular place (locus); b) locality is at the same time a fragment of the world, the cosmos and a holistic microworld that lives by its own laws; c) spatiality and temporality, chronotopicity; d) dynamic and historic; e) anthropological, centered around a person or a group of people; f) symbolism.

Paradise Lost: Explaining Populism as a Response to the Fragmentary Nature of Time, Space, and the Rapid Pace of Technological Advancement

Contemporary societies and technologies are evolving at an ever-swifter pace. Advances in the field of Augmented Reality (AR) and in Computer Science at large have led to games that let us immerse ourselves in worlds stuffed with zombies, robots, or pokemon critters. Globalization is making the world ever more interconnected, and the development of diverse social media platforms is changing the way people engage with politics and culture in their daily lives. Time and space have arguably never been more liquid, fragmentary, and compressed. Against this host of developments, Postmodern ideas on the fragmentation of time and space,the rupture in personal and national identity narratives, as well as the concept of «utopia,» can provide theoretical tools, shedding light on how various agents react to the rapid pace of technological change (such as Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and digitalization), and subsequent alterations in Man’s perception of time and space. This paper reconstructs the key tenets of Postmodern thinking on cultural phenomena, showing how the changing experience of time and space (induced by globalization, and technological advances) bear on the recent successes of populist parties in Europe and beyond. Furthermore, the paper places populists’ narrative of and nostalgic mourning for an ideal past in a longer continuum of utopian and dystopian thinking. This is then interpreted as an attempt to build a vision of a homeostatic space that, once conceptualized as a rhetorical tool, serves to forgebonds among ‘(good) people

Особливості хорової творчості Віктора Степурка 90-х років у контексті мистецьких тенденцій кінця ХХ століття

У статті розглянуто жанрову специфіку хорової творчості Віктора Степурка 90-х років ХХ століття в контексті мистецьких тенденцій цього часу. На прикладі двох хорових творів композитора, що належать до різних жанрових напрямків, актуальних для української хорової музики, робиться висновок щодо виняткового значення цього періоду у становленні авторської самобутності. Оновлення національних хорових традицій тісно пов’язується з засобами авангардного мислення та демонструє інтровертний розвиток духовної складової творчості митця.

Черты постмодернизма в музыкальной композиции оперы «Прощание с Кембриджем»

The premiere of a classical specimen of Chinese chamber opera “Farewell to Cambridge,” the music to which was written by Zhou Xueshi, and the scenario – by Chen Yu, took place on December 25, 2001 at the Beijing Chamber Theater of People’s Art. This composition was called the first Chinese chamber opera, as well as the first opera produced by a private organization. Many Chinese media outlets, among which we can name the “China Youth Daily,” “Chinese Culture,” “Musical Weekly,” etc., highly evaluated this original Chinese opera. In particular, on January 7, 2001 the “Musical Weekly” with the support of the Beijing Cultural Department organized a musicological seminar connected with this composition. In the article, the author describes the peculiarities of the opera from the point of view of postmodernist ideas and techniques used in its musical composition. With the help of detailed analysis of the musical component the author examines the experimental techniques applied by composer Zhou Xueshi in order to bring in stylistic diversity to his composition. They include: the mixed structure of the opera, techniques of collage and derivation, as well as diversity in the creation of the protagonists. Keywords: the opera “Farewell to Cambridge,” postmodernism, collage, musical derivations, Chinese composers, Zhou Xueshi.

POSTMODERN KAMU YÖNETİMİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE YÖNETSEL KATILIM: YEREL HİZMET SUNUMUNDA KATILIM OLGUSU

The idea of postmodernism that began to dominate in the 20th century and was expressed most general sense as postmodernism, has been influential in many fields of political, economic, legal, cultural and administrative and has led to transformations at the paradigm level. In this process, one of the areas that have been influenced by postmodernism was the discipline and practice of public administration. Particularly in the 1980s, an understanding emerged as postmodern public administration and focused on important administrative concepts such as democracy, participation, governance and representation. Local governments, the democratic units closest to the public, came into the prominence as areas of application of these values. Achieving the goal of democracy is one of the reasons for the existence of local governments. The realization of this aim is directly proportional to the establishment of the participation phenomenon. The postmodern public administration understanding has provided to a governance-oriented relationship between participation and local governments. And this understanding has given new meaning to the participation phenomenon. The expectation that new participation mechanisms will play an important role in the management process necessitated a detailed analysis of the issue. In this context the aim of this study is to evaluate the transformation of the participation phenomenon at local level with its administrative dimension and to evaluate the democratic functionality of the new mechanisms of participation under the leadership postmodern public administration. Accordingly, text analysis has been used as a method of the study and the concepts that form the basis of the study has been explained with literature review. Also field applications have been evaluated, after the determination of the current situation, new proposals in addition to completed projects have been asserted.

Posmodernisme: Dampak dan Penerapannya pada Studi Islam

This paper concentrates on dialogue with postmodernism and religion while looking at some of the core ideas of postmodernism and the possibility of making it a reading tool for Islam, precisely for the benefit of Islamic studies, in contemporary society with its various implications. With the descriptive-analysis method this paper proves two things. First, that postmodernism as a movement of thought is not in direct contact with Islam. It is a response to the doctrine of modernism and traditional Christian doctrine. His criticism of religion is addressed to European Christians. However, the impact of his dissolution of value doctrine becomes nihilism, has disrupted the theological beliefs of religions, including Islam especially in the case of the spread of atheistic-inclined ideology. Secondly, as a critical philosophy, postmodernism contributes a deconstruction method to dismantle the establishment and the absoluteness of thought. In Islamic studies, the deconstructive approach is widely used by contemporary Islamic thinkers.

Methodological confusions and the science wars in economics

The “science wars” are a contentious, ongoing series of debates about the nature of knowledge and the proper role of the scientific method. The participants take many forms, but always central to the controversy are postmodern ideas that challenge commonly accepted understandings of the objectivity of data, science, and sometimes even reality. In this paper, we consider the relevance of these debates for the practice of economics. Ultimately we propose that these debates present two opportunities and a significant challenge to the discipline of economics. The opportunities are: 1) to incorporate post-positivist philosophy of science as a way to better interpret the meanings that become attached to institutions, which is particularly important for studies of political hierarchy and oppression, and 2) to do better empirical work by robustly incorporating interpretation into the gathering and analysis of data. The challenge is to do this work without abandoning economic theory itself, preserving the critically important insights of the universal logic of human choice while abandoning the illusion of a single best scientific method.

The Performance Variable of the Actor's Techniques in Postmodern Theater Shows

The postmodern ideas and concepts have produced social, political and economic variables that have been affected by wars, crises, the role of globalization and the information revolution. They have created many variables in concepts and great variables in technological, artistic and cultural innovations. All these changes have contributed to changing the form of the theatrical show aesthetically and intellectually, which cast a shadow over the nature of the actor's performance who has become more demanding to change his performance and to find the mechanisms and new nature of work governing him corresponding to those variables and this prompted the researcher to adopt the subject (the performance variable of the actor's techniques in postmodern theatre show (. Research importance:It provides benefit to actors, directors and workers in the field of theater. The researcher in the theoretical framework tackled two sections:The first section: Postmodern conceptThe second section: the actor's performance in postmodernismThe researcher chose a sample for the analysis represented by the play (Azaiza), which was presented in 2014, and after the analysis, a set of results have been found and the most important of which are:- The theory of playing in the performance and performance technology clearly contributed to the blending of all the styles and artistic trends within one center that depends through their way on fragmentation, anarchy, contradiction, and the ambiguity and multiplicity of the meaning. Then the conclusions reached at and the most important of which are:-The performance variable of the actor's techniques is highlighted in postmodern presentations via subjugating the actor to the hegemony of the techniques that made him a sign subject to its authority within the show system.

Leadership in a post-truth era: A new narrative disorder?

This essay, and the special issue it introduces, seeks to explore leadership in a post-truth age, focusing in particular on the types of narratives and counter-narratives that characterize it and at times dominate it. We first examine the factors that are often held responsible for the rise of post-truth in politics, including the rise of relativist and postmodernist ideas, dishonest leaders and bullshit artists, the digital revolution and social media, the 2008 economic crisis and collapse of public trust. We develop the idea that different historical periods are characterized by specific narrative ecologies, which, by analogy to natural ecologies, can be viewed as spaces where different types of narrative and counter-narrative emerge, interact, compete, adapt, develop and die. We single out some of the dominant narrative types that characterize post-truth narrative ecologies and highlight the ability of language to ‘do things with words’ that support both the production of ‘fake news’ and a type of narcissistic leadership that thrive in these narrative ecologies. We then examine more widely leadership in post-truth politics focusing on the resurgence of populist and demagogical types along with the narratives that have made these types highly effective in our times. These include nostalgic narratives idealizing a fictional past and conspiracy theories aimed at arousing fears about a dangerous future.

Young Finnish People of Muslim Background: Creating “Spiritual Becomings” and “Coming Communities” in Their Artworks

Abstract In this essay I discuss artworks by a sample of young people with a Muslim background who participated in the Numur—Islam and I exhibition, which was organised as part of the Young Muslims and Resilience (2016-2018) research project. Art exhibitions were staged in November 2017 and March 2018 with eighteen young adult participants/co-researchers. Their artworks included video and textile installations, photo collages, paintings, calligraphy and poetry, dealing with issues such as faith, dialogues between religious communities, gender, belonging and sexual diversity. Here I concentrate on some works by the participants who stated that they leaned on Sufism or spirituality in their working processes, or whose works expressed qualities that may be reflected through the spectrum in which rhizomes of Sufi ways of understanding human existence in the world are present. In their artworks, the participants created fresh ideas about possible encounters, which I interpret as being linked to modern and postmodern ideas of relationships between spaces and “becoming communities.” Likewise, these ideas can be traced to our common philosophical heritage, which is partly based on spiritual mystic thought and practices of different religions. By using art, the participants could embody this legacy, create spaces for themselves and open landscapes for discussions between Muslim believers and people with different religions and worldviews.

The cultural responsibility of dance movement therapy: philosophical considerations

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the cultural situation and special responsibility of dance movement therapy, delineating certain philosophical and cultural-theoretical interpretations of the ‘corporeal turn’ and ‘therapeutic turn’ of contemporary culture. It aims to show how dance movement therapy’s theoretical horizon is inseparable from the body-mind integration of contemporary philosophies, and how corporeal turn is present in consumer culture, including some of its destructive forms of idealisation and malign regression. The question of how DMT is able to turn malignant regression to the body into benign regression is addressed, and an analysis of the correlating postmodern idea of resilience is offered. Finally, DMT groups are interpreted as social microcosms, and the way Hungarian psychodynamic movement and dance therapists apply their group therapeutic method for the development of democratic culture in the Civil Group Project is described.

Педагогическое образование России: современное состояние, опыт, проблемы и перспективы

The relevance of study of modern problems of pedagogical education in Russia is related to a number of factors. They are: social factor (a prevalent opinion about the benefit of communication in network formats that are built on horizontal connections while ignoring vertical. Such formats are associated with reflexive experiences of a person’s actions, elimination of borders due to their increasingly virtual nature and leveling responsibility for one’s communicative actions in the Internet environment), philosophical factor (postmodernist ideas about an individual’s imaginary freedom from the experience of the past, about a new techno genic man, not burdened with traditional views on life, values and morality) and economic factor (strengthening connections between education and services that divide training and education, reducing the purpose of education solely to transferring skills which detrimentally affects human and national qualities). In this regard, the purpose of this article is to identify and describe the current state and problems of pedagogical education in Russia, challenges that the modern technocratic society imposes on pedagogical education, prospects and vectors for its further development. The study used the following methods: analysis of scientific sources, independent assessments, observation, and modeling.

Своеобразие проблематики и композиции романа П. Акройда «Повесть о Платоне»

The composition of the novel by the modern English writer P. Ackroyd “The Plato Papers” in connection with the problems of the work is considered. The review of the last researches devoted to creativity of this author is given. Attention is paid to how the work reveals the problem of interpretation of history, its ambiguity, the concept of the movement of time, progress, the relationship of the past, present and future. The author shows that when shifting the time of the novel in the future, Ackroyd uses the documentary imitation technique, changes narrators and types of narration. The composition of the work consisting of separate small parts connected in a key way by the speaker Plato is analyzed. Such properties of the composition of the analyzed novel as fragmentation and nonlinearity are noted. It is shown how the novel realizes postmodern idea about the relativity of the interpretations of the events of the past. The position of the main character endowed with the gift of insight, able to penetrate into the past, to look from an unusual point of view at the present, to doubt and seek the truth is revealed.

Masquerade and Social Justice in Contemporary Latin American Fiction by Helene Carol Weldt-Basson

Reviewed by: Masquerade and Social Justice in Contemporary Latin American Fiction by Helene Carol Weldt-Basson Mária Fernández-Lamarque Weldt-Basson, Helene Carol. Masquerade and Social Justice in Contemporary Latin American Fiction. U of New Mexico P, 2017. Pp. 226 ISBN 978-0-82635-815-8. Masquerade and Social Justice in Contemporary Latin American Fiction analyzes and poses critical theoretical stances on various topics related to moral rightness in the individual and collective realm. The book studies fourteen novels from authors representing various Latin American countries including Peru, Argentina, Mexico, Paraguay, Chile, Puerto Rico and Cuba. This is a fine selection of Latin American Spanish speaking writers. Structurally, Masquerade is divided into five chapters with an introduction and a conclusion. The introduction offers an overview of the general theme of masquerade/carnival in critical theory mentioning canonical ideologists on the topic such as Bakthin’s Rabelais and [End Page 149] His World (1965) and more recent ones such as Deborah Bells’ Masquerade: Essays on Tradition and Innovation Worldwide (2015). The author also includes the works of Latin American critics, which adds the regional theoretical component to strengthen her arguments. Often times, scholars in the field of Latin American literary criticism tend to omit or ignore the names of the very best thinkers in Latin American letters. Ben Sifuentes, Vek Lewis and José Ismael Gutiérrez, who work on transvestism in Latin America, are some of the scholars mentioned and quoted in the volume. Each chapter discusses a specific idea on how masquerade operates as a vehicle of justice. Chapter 1 introduces the notion of distributive justice in the social arena. In order to contextualize the concept, three contemporary novels are studied in the chapter: La comparsa (2009) by Sergio Galindo, El paraíso en la otra esquina (2003) and Travesuras de una niña mala (2006) by Mario Vargas Llosa. All three works, according to the author, give voice to and unveil the unheard or disenfranchised economic disadvantaged societal groups. In chapter 2, equality is rooted in the concept of ethical feminism. To exemplify this idea, the autor analyzes Allende’s Hija de la fortuna (1999), Antonio Benítez-Rojo’s Mujer en traje de batalla (2001), Marcela Serrano’s Nuestra señora de la soledad (1999) and Sara Sefchovich’s La señora de los sueños (1994). Drawing upon postmodern ideas of the decentering of settled and internalized constructed “truths,” an ethic of care is presented in the novels as a human trait and not an exclusive “feminine” one. The idea of love is also introduced and discussed in the works as the universal thread to unite individuals regardless of the gender of choice. Echoing Third Wave Feminism ideas, ethical feminism is set in the novels as a continuum and a human and rightful value more than a gender-linked trait. Chapter 3 consists of Isabel Allende’s Zorro (2005) and Carmen Boullosa’s Duerme (1994) analyses on what the author calls postcolonial structural justice. In general, the chapter triggers the discussion on the voiceless colonized subjects and its ways of disrupting the status quo as represented in these novels. Chapter 4 founds its examination in the political arena and how transitional justice is depicted in two Argentinian novels: Novela negra con argentinos (2004) by Luisa Valenzuela and Ariel Dorfmann’s Máscara (1988). Through the lenses of Angus Fletcher’s theory of allegory, the author observes that both works use the thematic feature of masquerade to articulate and bring about a reflection of transitional justice. In chapter 5 factual events as themes in three novels are the pretext for a “historical justice” analysis. Social moments such as: slavery, the French invasion of Mexico, and Alfredo Stroessner’s dictatorship in Paraguay, are situated as fictional spaces in the novels. The protagonists, physically traumatized from an abuse of power, attempt to use masquerade as a form of reaching justice. The volume tackles a critical study focused on equality, and its various representations, in Latin American contemporary literature. It takes the stance of literature as a political and social weapon as well as its ethical and moral responsibility. Reading and writing as a political act is imperative in...

Theresa Hak Kyung Cha’s Performance Art and Daoist Imagination in Audience Distant Relative

This paper explores Theresa Hak Kyung Cha’s Daoist imagination, suggesting that Daoism serves as an important conduit for her literary innovation. While she engaged with the orthodox (i.e., Laozi/Zhuangzi’s text-based Chinese) Daoist philosophy and aesthetics, she regarded Daoism as a kind of nomadic spiritual tradition that allows the postmodern idea of writing as openness and inclusion. To show Cha’s Daoist influence in the 1970s, I examine her performance artwork Audience Distant Relative along with her M.F.A. thesis titled “Paths” where she explains how to flesh out the idea of dao (道) or “the way.” Attesting to Roland Barthes’s idea of the “writerly text” and Walter Benjamin’s concept of the “storyteller,” Cha’s Daoist work urges us to be more open and inclusive to the external world, and eventually to conceive of the world in a holistic way.

RISING AWARENESS AND SELFHOOD IN KATE CHOPIN’S ‘THE AWAKENING’ AND ‘THE GOLDEN NOTEBOOK’ BY DORIS LESSING

The postmodern idea of the self as fragmented and decentred in contrast with earlier traditions’ idea of a rational, stable and autonomous self has great implications in the positionality of the woman in patriarchal discourse. This study applied a close reading of The Awakening and The Golden Notebook based on ideas from the new French feminist’s theories of Kristeva, Cixous and Irigaray that indicate that the woman whose patriarchal discourses of Freud and Lacan placed outside the Symbolic, outside language has the resources to re-position and write herself as a subject. The paper used the ‘ signification process’ by Kristeva, supported by ideas from the discourses of Irigaray and Cixous, to trace the woman’s progress through abjection into destabilising patriarchal representations of the female and rewriting herself. The female protagonists destabilised their entrenched representations, re-invented their own idea of femininity and affirmed The Awakening and The Golden Notebook as L’ecriture feminine (feminine writing). Article visualizations:

PEMIKIRAN POSTMODERNISME DAN PANDANGANNYA TERHADAP ILMU PENGETAHUAN

The birth of postmodernism can not be separated from the notion of modernism. The view of modernism assumes that the truth of science is absolute and objective, meaning that there is no human value. Here is the birth of a new idea of postmodernism which is one of figures are Jean Francouis Lyotard, postmodernism is a continuation and correction of modernism to provide a new thought and solution in his view of science. For postmodernism, science is not objective but subjective and the interpretation of man himself, so the truth is relative. Postmodernism can not be separated by its weakness and whether it is relevant to today’s life, so postmodernism adds to the acquisition of knowledge which can be accepted by its existence.

On the Disappearance of the Self

This article discusses the reality of the existence of the Self as a self-sufficient phenomenon by tracing the relationship between the concepts of subject and the Self with consideration of postmodernist and socioconstructionist critiques. The author identifies the main approaches in the history of philosophy, arguing for the disappearance of the individual subject and propose counterarguments against those positions. Critically assessing the postmodern idea of the “death of the subject,” notions of the Self as a social and linguistic construction, as well as a narrative, the author demonstrates the inconsistency of a position that views the Self exclusively as a product of the European cultural tradition. It is shown that the concept of the Self presents the real phenomena of consciousness and self-awareness, and the use of this concept is necessary for the realization of any of the subject’s actions, both cognitive and social. At the same time, it is necessary to reconsider the concept of the Self from the point of view of new sociocultural circumstances, and constructionist criticisms of the Self can be useful in that regard.

Peter Corrigan, the Bodgie Wolf, and Other Larrikin Tygers of Wrath

In the face of being “othered” over issues to do with cultural isolation and derivation, a new generation of Australian architects arose in the 1970s, celebrating Australia’s distinctive regionalism. This regionalist current chimed with the growth of the postmodern movement, which, had done much to liberate the Australian architect from the so-called “cultural cringe,” as he or she no longer felt that they had to hobble after what was happening elsewhere. Among this new cohort of architects, the work of Peter Corrigan is notable for advocating a mongrel postmodern architecture that was positively and distinctively Australian, sampling from the ordinary and dreary Australian suburbs. This article seeks to clarify the architectural quest for an Australian identity in Corrigan’s work, by exploring in depth the interdisciplinary and transatlantic transfer of ideas from theatre to architecture. Corrigan had a long-standing engagement with stage design, and this article will argue that his involvement in “New Wave theatre,” notably the Australian Performing Group (APG), and the appropriation of concepts from directors and playwrights like John Vaccaro, John Romeril, Jerzy Grotowski, Casper Neher, and Bertold Brecht, determined how he transplanted postmodern ideas onto Australian soil.

The phenomena of postmodernism in the culture of Kazakhstan and its influence on the cultural-religious situation

In the article the authors consider the conditions for the formation of postmodernism by the example of the formation of a new style in architecture in Europe, conducts characteristics of the features of postmodern culture. At the same time, the authors describe the conditions of formation and penetration of postmodern ideas in the Kazakh socio-cultural environment. In the article the authors analyze and compare the manifestations of postmodernism in architecture, reveal the most characteristic features of postmodern architecture. The authors pay attention to how postmodern architecture and, with it postmodern culture have an impact on the change in the perception of the urban environment. In the article the authors reveal the change of the idea of urban development in the Kazakh society during the period of socialism, also the change of the concept of urban life in the conditions of the formation of postmodern culture. In the article the authors pay attention to the specifics of the religious situation in the postmodern era. The authors note the change of the place and role of religion in the postmodern conditions. The authors describe alternative forms of religiosity (spirituality) and religious fundamentalism. According to the authors of the article, both trends represent options for responding to the cultural challenge of postmodernity and are affected by its influence.