Postmodern Ideas Research Articles

Muslim women’s identity in Orhan Pamuk’s Snow

ABSTRACT This paper explores hijab as a political discourse and discusses women’s character through a postmodern relationship with Orhan Pamuk’s Snow. In Snow, Pamuk presents Turkish Muslim women characters’ struggle during secular politics and portrays a struggle for their identity with and without hijab. A textual analysis of Pamuk’s Snow applies interdisciplinary approaches to examine Turkish women’s identity, their struggle for hijab, and the failure of secularism. To understand women’s role in politics, scholars like Khamis (2021), Axiarlis (2014), and others are prominent figures to theorize ideas of postmodernity (Muslim women’s alienation, conflict with self vs. other, a perspective of Muslims from east vs. west and Muslim identity with hijab vs. post/modern identity without hijab) and secularism (without hijab) in Muslim women’s context. To conclude, Muslim women’s self-identification and Pamuk’s writing influences under the East, and West ideas create a critical discussion, and questions about the postmodern idea of Muslim women. The hijab is closely concerned with gender targets, and the novel portrays women’s resistance in society. This burning issue catches our attention towards the women’s serious issue of suicide because of hijab politics.

Establishing veritocracy: Society, truth and science.

In the west, truth is being eroded by post-modernist ideas such as alternative facts. Once truth is no longer valued it is a short route through nationalistic populism to fascism. To combat this we need to establish the idea of 'veritocracy' as a form of government. A veritocracy is a democracy in which truth is so highly valued that promising to tell the truth will become a central feature of politicians' election manifestos feeding back the idea of veritocracy deeper into national culture. A proper understanding of the nature of science can support the idea of veritocracy. This proper understanding will not repeat the mythology of post-World War II philosophy and history of science, but will begin with the much more socially cognisant revolution in our understanding of science that began in the 1960s and 1970s. Nevertheless, a 'wave three' of science studies will justify science, not as a certainty-maker for policy, but as the way to bet in developing the best understanding of the observable world. The key is that science depends on moral truth in its attempts to develop correspondence truth. Science, like the law, should be a 'check and balance' in pluralist democracies and an object lesson in how to pursue truth in decision-making.

Biology as a Construct: Universals, Historicity, and the Postmodern Critique.

The integration of postmodern thinking in the sciences, especially in biology, has been subject to harsh criticism. Contrary to Enlightenment ideals of objectivity and neutrality in the scientific method, the postmodern stance holds that truth is relative, not universal, and therefore progress is ambiguous. The effect of postmodern thought has ramifications that extend from the distrust of preexisting scientific conclusions to questions about the impact of progress in society. It also reflects skepticism about the scientific endeavor. Especially when postmodern ideas are considered to have gained traction, the anti-postmodern critique has become harsher. At stake is whether postmodern notions are indeed irrelevant, and-even more important-whether they compromise scientific progress. The conditional significance of universals in biology and the role of historicity in the evolutionary process makes biology different from the other natural sciences and subjects it to the postmodern critique. This article argues that rather than being viewed as a science that seeks universals, biology should be viewed as a construct, more relevant to a technology, aiming to attain functionalities. Such recognition may fuel progress and assist biology in attaining its ultimate goal, which is to address the most intricate questions about the living world.

Deconstruction and Integration: The Postmodern Characteristics of Translanguaging Pedagogy

Translanguaging, as a multilingual use strategy, allows individuals to flexibly employ a variety of linguistic resources across different social and educational contexts. This phenomenon aligns with postmodern concepts such as multiplicity, anti-narrativity, decentralization, identity politics, the relationship between language and power, and the relativity of history and culture. The purpose of this paper is to explore the theoretical connections between translanguaging and postmodernism and to analyze how the practice of translanguaging embodies the core ideas of postmodernism.

Clothing as a sociocultural phenomenon (based on materials from modern China)

The object of the study is clothing as a sociocultural phenomenon, a product of material and spiritual cultures. The evolution of clothing is closely related to sociocultural changes in society. The subject of the study is the transformation of clothing in China under the influence of political, economic, social, and aesthetic factors after the beginning of Chinese economic reform and opening up policy. The significant changes have taken place in Chinese clothing, the main of which was the transition from a uniform style of clothing for the whole country to a variety of fashion and styles, as well as the revival of traditional clothing. The transformation in the style and production cycle of clothing in China is based on objective (technology development, market laws, global fashion trends) and subjective reasons (psychology, personal preferences and aesthetic tastes of consumers). There is always a concept behind the behavior in clothes, and the desire for beauty is the main driving force behind the development of clothing. The social psychology of imitation and difference contributes to the spread of fashion trends in clothing. The author's special contribution to the topic is a detailed examination of the impact on the transformation of clothing of political, economic, sociocultural, aesthetic factors, as well as cultural exchanges and folk traditions. The author traces the sequence of fashion trends in China in recent decades. Сontemporary changes in Chinese clothing culture are not limited to simply borrowing Western trends, but are accompanied by the emergence of postmodern ideas and the promotion of the globalization process, which leads not only to the technological and design enrichment of clothing characteristics in China, but also to the growth of cultural awareness and the revivalization of traditional and local cultures.

Notes on notes: A critical reflection on clinical writing in music therapy practice

Therapeutic encounters are swathed in writing from referral and consent forms, clinical and process notes, evaluations and assessments to reports. However, there has been very little research into the broader meaning, function and context of writing in music therapy. In this article, I hope to encourage music therapists to think critically about the writing they produce and use in clinical practice. I draw on guidance from professional bodies, theories of memory, phenomenology, existentialism, the psychoanalytic perspectives on language of Lacan and Kristeva and post-modern ideas around the meaning and contextual understanding of a text through the writings of Foucault, Barthes and McLuhan. I encourage more reflexivity regarding the role of the music therapist’s self and intersubjective elements within the writing. I ask what influence the act of writing itself exerts on clinical practice and reflect on the role of language and its adequacy for describing the music therapy encounter. I further explore how music therapists contextualise the writing they produce, speculating on some of its functions in relation to the therapist, client and institution. In conclusion, I argue that clinical writing in all its forms potentially has a powerful impact on the therapy process as a whole.

Multiple truths in planning? A comment regarding postmodern ideas in planning theory

In a recently published essay on planning theory, Benjamin Davy, Meike Levin-Keitel and Franziska Sielker observe a “brutal plurality of truths” that complicates spatial planning. In particular, they ask how planners can deal with this. Against the backdrop of the climate and biodiversity crisis, the commentary takes this essay as an opportunity to take a critical look at the multiplicity of truths postulated by postmodernism and the correspondingly stretched concept of knowledge. Above all, it points out the great importance of the pursuit of truth (in the singular) for society. Moreover, it emphasises the danger of making inter- and transdisciplinary research more difficult, of depreciating science and of increasing the distance between science and the centre of society. The commentary pleads for a faster, stronger focus on the very big challenges of our time, for which a pragmatic orientation towards truth and what unites society is indispensable.

Антипедагогіка як постмодерністський проєкт

The article is devoted to revealing the essential characteristics of antipedagogy in the context of postmodern discourse. It has been shown that the representatives of this pedagogical movement called for the abandonment of education as a purposeful process of personality formation, considering it totalitarian and aimed at depersonalization. The ideas of postmodernism, which contributed to the formation and development of antipedagogy and alternative education, have been presented in the article as follows: changing the status of knowledge in society; extrastructural, non-linear way of organizing integrity, which excludes rigid centralization, orderliness, and symmetry; a special modernity model, in which life orientations and values are not imposed on a person. It has been proved that the spread of these ideas on education and pedagogical science helped to substantiate the basic provisions of antipedagogy. The provisions are related to the refusal of the purposeful personality formation according to a certain pattern, imposition of worldview schemes, life guidelines and values, the requirement to establish symmetrical relations, equal dialogue between a teacher and a student. It has been emphasized that antipedagogy was not narrowed to criticism of traditional school education and pedagogical science, but offered alternative pedagogical methods based on the principle of spontaneous autonomy of a child. The methods contribute to the self-development and self-determination of a student. The ideas of antipedagogy and its constructive potential are implemented in alternative educational institutions.

О субъектности человека

In this article, we analyze the problem of human subjectivity. First of all, we give in it a preliminary description of our understanding of human subjectivity. Here we emphasize the fundamentally important fact that subjectivity is a fundamental and constitutive principle in man. It is also pointed out that the substantive and systemic characterization of human subjectivity is an extremely difficult research task. The assumption is formulated according to which difficulties in understanding human subjectivity are one of the reasons for the prevalence of the position of its denial. Further, the main types of denial of human subjectivity presented in the history of spiritual culture are critically discussed: naturalistic denial, theocentric denial, sociocentric denial. Special attention is paid in the article to the denial of human subjectivity, presented in the works of modern neuroscientists. In the conclusion of the critical part of the article, we give a brief analysis of the postmodern idea of the «death of the subject». The article also formulates and substantiates the assumption that the subjective principle in man is the creator, keeper and guardian of values and meanings.

Beyond the Death of the Author. Authorial Regimes and Ecologies in the Age of Digital Globalization

In recent times, scholars have been working under the assumption that authorship and authorial studies have both reached a theoretical end point. What is clear, though, is that we are no longer inhabiting the same literary field and cultural climate that gave rise to those notorious ideas put forth about authorship in the late 1960s. This article will try to explain how new research tools can account for the ways in which authorship works in a digitally globalized age, especially in the wake of poststructuralist, postcolonial, and postmodern ideas and practices. The ecology of authorship maps out a network of interacting systems (authorship as function, figure, form, and force) which seem to be in play for any historical regime of authorship, including our most recent one. Consequently, this paper will also try to explain contemporary modes of authoriality and some of the transformations that underpin them.

GEORGES BERNANOS’ WRITING AS MODERNIST CODE OF FRANCOPHONIC METAMODERNISTIC SENSIBILITY

The article analyzes the presence of an intertext between literary prose and political essay writing by a representative of the French Catholic literary revival of the first half of the 20th century. - Georges Bernanos - within the limits of modern intergenre French literature. The example is the collection of essays by the French-speaking writer Juan Asensio. However, the broader context of the reactualization of modernist writing in the contemprorary literary process is shown. The metamodernist sensibility of the 2000s is considered to be a result of the end of the dominance of the postmodernist discourse, its main theorists are investigated and the reasons for its appearance are shown. The dialogic character of metamodernism with the clue ideas of both modernism and postmodernism is noted, which is a middle way between modernist enthusiasm and postmodernist irony and skepticism, between hope and melancholy, between empathy and apathy, between truth and relativism, between totality and fragmentation, between experience and omniscience. Linguistic etymology and semantic plurality of the concept of “metamodernism” at the epistemological, ontological and historical levels are shown. The basic characteristics of the metamodernist worldview are named, such as: the return of metanarratives, belief in the truth, sincerity, empathy, the return ofhistory, the seriousness of religious experience, the search for the real, the importance of subjective experience. On the basis of these categories, the intertextual connection of the texts of Bernanos and Asensio is revealed according to four categories based on G. Genette’s narratology. It is about architextuality, thus citation at the genre level, narrative and poetic-stylistic closeness, explicit citation and allusions, and Bernanos’ meta-literary criticism provided in a comparative way. It is proved that the writing of Georges Bernanos became not only an intertext, but also a productive pretext of modern French literature, although the radical prophetism of the former was turned into a voice that just found the right to the truth and sincerity.

Impact of Postmodernism on the Thought of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (IMIs)

Postmodernism is a worldview that borrowed its nomenclature from an era after modernism into progressive thought that turned into a reputed idea denouncing the absolute truth, affirming relativism, pluralism, and hermeneutics. The current study attempted to disclose their impact on the thought of Indonesian Muslim intellectuals (IMI). However, the depiction of the idea of postmodernism and its embedded concepts would precede it. The current study was based on a qualitative research design and the data was utilized from the prevailing discourses in mass media, journal articles, books, MA thesis, and PhD dissertation. To analyze the data, descriptive and critical analysis methods were adopted. The research determined the impact of postmodernism on the thought of IMI which can be identified in three major issues namely, in the Qur’ānic studies, in gender equality, and in religious pluralism. In a number of articles, books, and theses the IMIs have applied the postmodern hermeneutic approach to Qur’ānic studies uncritically. Consequently, it can shift or override the science of interpretation in Islam (tafsīr). In gender equality, the influence is even clearer, since the IMIs applied this postmodern doctrine and search justification from the Qur’ān by using hermeneutical approach which brought about discrepancies in legal decisions. The impact of postmodern relativism on religious pluralism is apparent. In this part, the IMI discourses revolve around the validity of all religions, implying the denouncement of absolute truth or the exclusivity of religion, including Islam. In fact, each of the three major issues could be scrutinized further.

ПОСТМОДЕРНІЗМ – ОСНОВНІ ІДЕЇ ТА ЇХ СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНІ ІМПЛІКАЦІЇ

The purpose of the article is to show the causal relationship between the philosophical ideas of postmodernism, as well as its cultural expression and the socio-political situation of the modern West, which the author of the article describes as a civilizational decline. The article examines the context of the emergence of postmodernism as the dominant worldview today in the Western world, as well as its main philosophical ideas, such as deconstruction, transgression, anti-logocentrism, loss of trust in metanarratives, skepticism in relation to the concept of truth, moral relativism, and others. The author of the article examines the evolution of postmodernism, which has taken place over the past half century, passing from academia, through various spheres of culture to political activism and the lives of ordinary people. The article places special emphasis on the consequences of postmodern ideas in the social and political life of the West. In this context, the phenomenon of post-truth politics, the sexual revolution, the political polarization of societies, social engineering and, in general, the crisis of Euro-Atlantic civilization are analyzed. Postmodernism is seen as the decadence of European culture. In the conclusion, the context of the war and state-building in Ukraine and the connection of their prospects with the spiritual and civilizational condition of the West appears.

DIFFUSIVE AND LABYRINTH NARRATIVE UNCERTAINTY IN ENGLISH POSTMODERN SHORT-SHORT STORIES

In the article there is grounded the notion of diffusive and labyrinth narrative uncertainty in English postmodern short-short stories. In our investigation, there is proved that the emergence of narrative uncertainty is caused by specific narrative techniques such as diffusion and labyrinth which we identify manifestations of the narrative-rhizomatic principle of text form. Thus, the basis of narrative uncertainty creation is the mixture of a narrative technique (diffusion or labyrinth), compositional modifications and linguo-stylistic devices (irony, lexical repetition, personification). Uncertainty as a transversal postmodern idea is traced in experimental texts through unconventional text building, modified text compositional structure. Narrator of a short-short story creates a narrative with the purpose of establishing a permanent hesitation in the interpreting at each level of text compositional structure. Thus, the emergence of compositional modifications can be observed at content level, formal level, and formal-content level which create a specific symbol at figurative-symbolic level. Compositional modifications at one of the abovementioned levels serve as the principal agent of the specific type of narrative uncertainty creation — diffusive or labyrinth narrative uncertainty. A preliminary analysis of English postmodern short-short stories has shown that compositional modifications at the formal and formal-content levels function as a key forming agent for diffusive narrative uncertainty. As to labyrinth narrative uncertainty, compositional modifications at content level, formal level, and formal-content are dominant. The leading role in the uncertainty formation belongs to narrator. Narrator builds a narrative in such a manner that it becomes complicated to interpret. That fact characterize narrator as unreliable storyteller. Diffusive narrative uncertainty is actualized by means of multiple narrator, whereas labyrinth narrative uncertainty through heterodiegetic narrator in extradiegetic situation. Perception of English postmodern short-short stories with the expressions of narrative uncertainty demands from narratator (reader) flexible mindset, openness to different interpretations and readiness for active usage of cognitive skills.

Gender: A Postmodern Idea Developed in Association with the Modern Concept of Sex in Considering the Implications for Evolving Sexuality

The presently ubiquitous idea of how gender is defined remains deeply indebted to modern thought, depending on the concept of sex as its reference point. Originating with practices arising from capitalism, modern thought’s concept of sex was enhanced with the search for the norm regarding standardization, then further refined through the research program of eugenics. Gender, in contrast to sex, has its roots in sexual practice changes from the second half of the twentieth century onward, developed in association with 1980s postmodern thought. The presuppositions of the two concepts differ radically. Understanding the difference between sex and gender matters because gender is now more than a critique of sex—it is an idea that is accepted and understood in popular culture and affects how people interpret their sexuality. This review examines the foundations of modern and postmodern thought, then focuses on sex and gender with respect to their history within these modes of thought. The conclusion, pointing to future research, is that a further reformulation of sexuality will be required for gender, as a postmodern idea, to truly separate itself from the presumptions of sex as a modern concept, permitting individuals to express their sexuality as they choose without negative social and psychological repercussions.

The concept of ‟void” in the Sasha Krugosvetov`s novel ‟Candide’s Happiness” (comparative analysis)

The semantic ‟void” of actual reality is the most important idea of postmodernism, which is associated with the recognition of the relativity of any ideas, philosophies, meanings, the concepts of which are ‟simulacrum”. Over the decades of the existence of Russian literary postmodernism, the interpretation of the relationship between man and reality, thing and concept has been rethought in relation to world culture. With the help of a comparative analysis of the novels ‟Candide's Happiness” by Sasha Krugosvetov and ‟Clay Machine Gun” by Victor Pelevin, respectively, the content of the concept ‟void”, which creates the central image in both texts, was revealed, its semantic and functional characteristics were studied. In the novel “Clay Machine Gun” the concept of “void” is involved in the formation of an existential plot associated with the subjective desire of the characters to get out of “void”, because it participates in overcoming the inevitable socio-cultural self-identifications, allows one building an image of plurality as opposed to binary oppositions. In the novel by Sasha Krugosvetov, when describing the image of reality, the basical narrative strategy is a game with the reader, based on the correlation of functional copies of objects, disguised objects, illusory objects and virtual copies, and the main methods of their presentation are to demonstrate metaphors literally and absurd. ‟Void” in Sasha Krugosvetov's novel is not only an ontological characteristic that blurs the opposition of ‟existence” and ‟non-existence”, but also a feature of style, moving away from any particular style due to the development and appropriation of too many stylistic markers.

KRITIK TERHADAP FORMALISME HUKUM

This journal examines the resistance to the Legal Formalism School which alludes to it from the point of view of basic reports. This legal critique incorporates liberal, radical, and postmodernist ideas as well as Marxist ideas. The background is legal certainty, both those that guarantee the fulfillment of laws that do not require overlapping rules or justice for the formation of laws. This journal aims to briefly familiarize readers with concepts in critical legal studies from various legal perspectives. In addition, for good journal results, the author must convey the goals and context of the development of Indonesian law. This writing uses content analysis research, which is a comprehensive discussion of critical legal studies. The results of the discussion show that the goal of the critical legal study movement to unite various legal perspectives is the main principle of Critical Legal Studies which continues to develop in Indonesia. Because of this legal aspect, recent legal developments in Indonesia are still relatively new. Some formal legal activists use the history of the Critical Legal Studies Movement to understand oppressive legal structures and policies. Therefore, criticism of legal formalism is supported by the fact that several applications are needed, both in terms of themes and movement strategies, as support for the fulfillment of legal formalism from various prevailing legal ideologies.

Psychological assistance to the individual in situations of life crises using narrative practices

This article examines the theory and practice of using narrative techniques to provide psychological support to people facing life's obstacles and crises. Researchers are studying the key aspects of the narrative approach, its effectiveness, and ways to combine it with classical methods of psychological assistance. The article aims to discuss an alternative perception of social reality based on the ideas of postmodernism about psychological support and to reveal in more detail the narrative practice as an innovative counseling technique. The research methodology is based on the analysis of narrative practice and its fundamental principles, such as separating the problem from the individual, recognizing the patient as an authority in his life, and concentrating on considering the context of communication, where speech plays a central role. The main conclusions demonstrate the effectiveness of the narrative approach as a tool for psychological support in crises. This technique ensures that each case's characteristics and specifics are considered, contributing to the successful solution of problems and restoring the psychological balance of individuals. A more detailed analysis of narrative methods may contribute to their further integration with traditional approaches and lead to the creation of new models of psychological assistance.

The Role and Significance of Sociological Theory Within Research Traditions in Relation to the Historical Context of the Postmodern Turn

Abstract The paper starts from the role and meaning of sociological theory in the context of research traditions. It begins with a discussion of the positioning of theory within qualitative research approaches in the time context of the late 1980sand early 1990s during the so-called of the “postmodern turn “. Given that the aim of the paper is to consider the genesis of research traditions in sociology with an emphasis on ethnographic research traditions, but it is difficult to start the discussion without grasping the essence of sociological theory. When talking about theory and ethnographic research, there are numerous forms of specific theories that ethnographers have, each of which is applicable to specific topics. The inappropriateness of the theory and the specific research topic results in a misunderstanding in relation to the main research questions. Within the work, the order of knowledge is also problematized, which is associated with ethnography on the one hand and postmodernism on the other, as well as a „reflexive” turn. The postmodern sensibility is especially visible within the reflective moment during the writing process. Postmodern ideas therefore first introduce a new level of criticality within ethnographic research and draw attention to certain topics, processes and phenomena that have not been sufficiently discussed within wider social reflection.

A Dialogue between Curriculum Development and Postmodern Perspectives: A Context of Local Knowledge

This article provides insights into curriculum development from a postmodern perspective on the sustainability and usability of local or indigenous knowledge systems. This paper examines the western thoughts that potentially affect local and indigenous knowledge by analyzing interviews with scholars involved in higher education and explores how western thoughts affect the existing Nepalese school curriculum. Although western thought permeates and pervades our educational practices, the benefits go to them implicitly by subordinating us. There is an argument in the article that postmodern ideas have originated in the womb of western understanding; the ideas in this article are argued to be adaptable to our curriculum development. The rationale behind it is that our current curriculum thinking, from Tayler to Hlynka and Yeaman’s outline of key postmodern thinking, ignores the indigenous nature of knowledge systems, largely othering them as subordinate knowledge. It explores that the developed curriculum should represent unheard voices, ignored realities, and the histories and experiences of underrepresented groups. The authors conclude by suggesting that policies, plans, and programs should be adapted to reflect the underrepresented and unheard voices of the society.