Idea Of Progress Research Articles

Рефлексивно-методологический анализ информационных войн: социально-философский аспект

The article analyzes the phenomenon of information wars in a reflexive and methodological way. This concept refers to the recently widespread practice of international confrontation based on the use of non–traditional means of suppressing the enemy – due to the hidden but directed influence on mass consciousness by the media, involving the spheres of social and cultural interaction. The interdisciplinarity of the phenomenon under consideration, the diversity of its interpretations, and the lack of a generally accepted definition are noted. The relevance of philosophical reflexive and methodological analysis is substantiated, which reveals the content of the concept of information wars in the context of the ultimate foundations of being and culture as a whole. It is emphasized that this kind of confrontation determines the emergence of crisis trends in all areas of the spiritual sphere, including literature, art, religion, threatening the information security of society. The negative external influence on the national consciousness is disguised as progressive ideas and thus receives the support of the active strata of society. In conclusion, the authors note the need to differentiate between real promising socio-cultural development and pseudo-evolution due to the conduct of information and psychological warfare.

YENİYETMƏ-MƏKTƏBLİLƏRDƏ MİLLİ İDEOLOGİYANI FORMALAŞDIRMANIN ÜMUMİ CƏHƏTLƏRİ

General Results of the Formation of National Ideology in Teenage Schoolchildren Summary Article deals with the result of purposeful and organized actions, teenagers have the knowledge, skills, skills, the main components of Azerbaijanism ideology (Turkism, Islamism, statehood, patriotism, independence, territorial integrity, etc.) and earn their abilities and give it directly to their activities. The teenager turns the idea of liberation of the occupied lands into his own deeds and beliefs, and he is even honored to rise to the peak of martyrdom. They are firmly convinced of the necessity of being prepared for adolescence. Key words: national ideal, national statehood, independence, ideology of Azerbaijanism, hostile enemy

An anarchist take on royalty: Pierre-Joseph Proudhon’s evolving assessment of post-revolutionary monarchy, 1839–64. Part I

ABSTRACT The name recognition of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon in France during the early twentieth century was used to rally left-wing syndicalists and right-wing neo-monarchists to the 1911–14 Cercle Proudhon, a small political organization whose creation was once considered to represent the origins of European ‘fascism’. Oddly, no scholars have examined what Proudhon’s actual ideas about monarchy were and how they might have related to his criticisms of existing forms of political representation. This first part of a two-part series examines Proudhon’s evolving consideration of royalty from the July Monarchy until his exile in Belgium in 1858. It explores how Proudhon’s ideas about monarchy were impacted by his hostility to French liberal and republican attempts at electoral reform from 1838 until 1848. It then looks at how his assessment of monarchy began to change after his experience of the Second Republic and the latter’s experiment in universal manhood suffrage. For Proudhon, the ill-fated 1848-52 regime showed how democratic voting could contribute to a dangerous Caesarist personalization of state power and facilitate a fluid transition from republic to empire. During the early years of the Second Empire, Proudhon sometimes expressed nostalgia for liberal ideas of constitutional monarchy fashionable during the earlier 1814–48 era. He did not advocate restricting suffrage again like during the pre-1848 period, however.

MEDICAL LITERACY DEVELOPMENT OF ADULT POPULATION IN SLOVAKIA AND UKRAINE

Introduction. The diagnosis results of medical literacy levels among different groups of adult population in Slovakia are given in this article. This research was done by the scientists of Pedagogy Department, Philosophy Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, together with Ukrainian colleagues.
 The aim of research. The objective of the article was aimed at studying the specifics of medical literacy development in European countries and making a comparative research analysis for determining the levels of medical literacy among adult population in Slovakia and Ukraine and making up the recommendations.
 Materials and methods. The diagnostic surveying of adults was made according to the modification of European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS_EU_Q47), which was offered to the respondents to fill out in the format of a Google form. The methodological approaches used in the study are as follows: andragogical, competency-based, cultural, person-centered, and systems-based.
 Results. The majority of the respondents in the European countries were found to have the insufficient level of medical literacy. In Slovakia, the youth aged 18-24 turned out to be more active and conscious of health issues. It was specified that the comprehensive study of medical literacy issues among adults was not carried out in Ukraine at all. Positively estimating the research experience of medical literacy levels among adult population in Slovakia, it is worthwhile to single out the progressive ideas of its implementation in an area of support, maintenance and restoration of health for adults in Ukraine. The recommendations were made up for increasing medical literacy of different groups of adult population at the national and regional levels as well as at the level of healthcare and educational institutions and universities.
 Conclusions. The research results of medical literacy among adult population can be recommended to the representatives of governmental institutions, universities, healthcare institutions so as to update legislation, prepare teaching and methodological materials for universities and postgraduate education.

Recovering the Dalit Public Sphere: Vernacular Liberalism in Late Colonial North India

AbstractDrawing from publications by Swami Achutanand and the Adi-Hindu Mahasabha press between 1916 and 1940, this article examines the role of this north Indian Dalit organization in creating language and categories of liberalism in the Hindi vernacular. The Mahasabha poet-activists published numerous song-booklets in a variety of Hindi song genres to intervene in ongoing discussions on the subjects of representation and equality which they characterized as mulki-haq and unch-niche. Histories of liberties in late colonial India have typically examined its emergence within dominant Hindu and Muslim middle-class groups. This article uncovers the unique contributions of Dalit poet-activists who recognized the value of liberal ideas and institutions in challenging caste and abolishing “Manu’s Kanun” (lawgiver Manu’s Hindu law codes). It highlights the methodological importance of mohalla (neighborhood) sources usually located in Dalit activists’ houses in untouchable quarters. The chapbooks found in mohalla collections have enabled the writing of a new history of the Mahasabha’s activism and of the initiatives taken by poet-activists in founding a new Dalit politics in northern India. I explore the emergence of a Dalit literate public which sustained the activities of the Mahasabha and which responded with enthusiasm to its articulation of the new social identity of Achut (untouched) and a new political identity of Adi-Hindus—original inhabitants of Hindustan (India). Offering a new methodological approach in using mohalla sources and song-booklets composed in praise of liberal institutions, this essay makes a significant contribution to the recovery of a forgotten Dalit public sphere in early twentieth-century India.

Feminists for a new Constitution in Chile: forging progressive alliances in times of crisis

This article explores the impact and influence of the feminist movement in Chile on the draft of feminist progressive ideas in the Constitutional process of 2021, emerging as a consequence of the social uprising of 2019. Central to this analysis is the pivotal role played by what I term ‘feminists-in-movement’ and ‘feminists-in-power’, delineating the common narratives between grassroots feminist organisations and those individuals advocating within formal political structures, such as political parties and governmental bodies. While the Constitutional draft embodied numerous feminist perspectives, this article focuses on elucidating the feminist political influence by analysing two key proposals included in the 2021 Constitutional draft: care rights and gender-focused politics. The proposals serve as exemplars illustrating the power of political collaboration in pushing progressive agendas during societal upheaval. By dissecting these proposals, this article underlines the significance of forging alliances between different feminist factions, underscoring their collective ability to advance transformative policies during moments of crisis.

Recontextualizing Modernity: A Case Study of The Kaum Adat in Padangpanjang Through the Boedi-Tjaniago (1920s)

This study examines the representation of progressive and modern ideas in Minangkabau during the early 1900s through an analysis of Boedi Tjaniago newspaper. The historical research method was employed, utilizing heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography stages, with the primary data source being the Boedi Tjaniago newspaper from the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia. The research findings indicate that Boedi Tjaniago served as a platform for the dissemination of modern ideas, including the modernization of education, gender equality, economic progress, Islamic modernization, and nationalism. Boedi Tjaniago was a significant media outlet that not only spread the message of progress but also contributed to building the identity and unity of the Minangkabau people.
 Keywords: Boedi Tjaniago, modernization, Minangkabau, education, gender equality, economic progress, Islamic modernization, nationalism.

Political and legal ideas of Friedrich Hayek regarding the development and significance of the concept of the rule of law

The article examines the concept of the rule of law in the context of the political and legal views of Friedrich Hayek, a famous Austrian economist and philosopher who had a significant impact on modern political and legal theory. The article examines the essence of the concept of «rule of law» from the point of view of F. Hayek, and also analyzes his vision of the interaction of law, the state, and society. The main aspects of the concept of the rule of law, which F. Hayek developed in his writings, are considered. The views of F. Hayek on the role of the state in ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, the influence of legal norms on the functioning of the economy and society as a whole are analyzed.
 Attention is drawn to the fact that F. Hayek was one of the most influential economists and philosophers of the 20th century, who defended the ideas of classical liberalism and criticized socialism, interventionism and collectivism. It is shown that in the views of F. Hayek, the rule of law is a necessary condition for the development of freedom, democracy and market economy and actually means that laws should be general, abstract, stable, known and fair, and not aimed at achieving certain goals or interests. Such laws create equal conditions for all market participants and allow the use of scattered knowledge that exists in society.
 The concept of the rule of law is studied in the context of classical liberal ideas and ideals. It is analyzed how F.\ Hayek perceived the idea of limiting the power of the state through legal mechanisms and means protecting the individual rights of citizens. Within the framework of F. Hayek’s political and legal views, special emphasis is placed on the idea of «constitutional liberalism» and the determination of the limits of power. It is studied how these ideas contributed to the formation of the rule of law as a system that guarantees a balance between individual freedoms and the need for state regulation. The main aspects of F. Hayek’s philosophical and political views are highlighted, which have become key to understanding the essence and significance of the rule of law in modern legal discourse.
 The interaction between the rule of law and the economy is analyzed, paying special attention to F. Hayek’s contribution to the formation of the concept and the development of relevant practices. Key aspects such as the role of law, property, and market relations in the context of the rule of law are considered. It is highlighted how F. Hayek determined the importance of the legal foundation for ensuring the stability, transparency and efficiency of the economic environment. In addition, attention is drawn to F. Hayek’s views on the role of the law as a stabilizing factor that should protect the rights of citizens and ensure the efficient operation of economic structures.

Reconstructing the caliphate or bringing liberal democracy to Turkey? Millî Görüş’s view on liberal democracy before reaching power

This article explores the ideas of the Turkish-Islamist Millî Görüş movement on liberal democracy. From its formation in the 1970s to the 1990s, when it won the Turkish elections, the movement exhibited a substantial shift in their discourse. Millî Görüş started off as a movement with solid anti-Western rhetoric. It openly endorsed revolutionary-Jihadist movements and advocated for an Islamic state throughout the Muslim world (including, albeit subtly, in Turkey). It supported the 1979 Iranian revolution and argued democracy is a political system that is against Islamic revelation. However, by the mid-late 1990s, the Millî Görüş and its political party presented liberal ideas about the need for Turkey to democratize and respect people’s fundamental rights and freedoms. This rapid intellectual shift within two and a half decades is puzzling.

ISSUES OF EXTRACURRICULAR EDUCATION ON THE PAGES OF «THE RUSSIAN SCHOOL» JOURNAL

In the second half of the XIX – early XX century extracurricular education was actively developing in Russia. It was aimed at educating the adult population and included organization of public libraries, public houses, public universities, Sunday schools and other cultural and educational institutions. Periodicals were one of the key ways to promote progressive ideas of the intelligentsia and people’s education. Among the large number of pedagogical journals of that period, “The Russian School” journal deserves special attention, articles on the problems of extracurricular education were regularly published on its pages. The purpose of the study is to study comprehensively the issues of “The Russian School” journal, stored in the funds of the scientific reference library of the State Historical Archive of the Chuvash Republic. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that on the basis of a historical source, such as a periodical, the materials on the theory and practice of extracurricular education are characterized. Materials and methods. A significant source of research is the materials of the periodical press, namely the pedagogical journal “The Russian School”. The research used the method of content analysis, as well as synthesis, analogy, systematization and the principles of historicism, objectivity, consistency and concreteness. Study results. Based on the analysis of the content in various issues of the journal, one can see an active discussion of the role and importance of extracurricular education in the country’s socio-economic development, accentuating the key tasks of adult personal development and education, considering organizational and thematic aspects in the work of new extracurricular institutions. Special attention is paid to the reflections of various authors on extracurricular education on the pages of the journal, since they contributed to this process understanding by a wide range of the public. Conclusions. “The Russian School” journal is a good source, because, firstly, it contains specific factual material, and, secondly, it reflects the views of contemporaries on the problem of extracurricular education development. It also provides correspondence from the field on the state and development of extracurricular education, as well as it contains a variety of information, including theoretical articles, practical materials and statistical data.

Arts-based methods as a critical and decolonising process in global mental health: Reflections on popular discourse, artistic rigour and limitations.

Due to masculine expectations and cultural perceptions, Luo and Busoga men, in their respective countries of Kenya and Uganda, can experience a range of mental health conditions which can lead to violent and problematic behaviours. Over an 18 month period in 2022/23, Masculinities and Mental Health used bottom-up, culturally responsive, arts and health workshops to seek to understand the cultural causes of stress and depression reported by men in Luo and Busoga cultures. The project included a two month arts-based residency in Osiri village, Kisumu County (Kenya) and a four week residency in Walukuba, Jinja (Uganda) working with groups of men to explore definitions of mental health via arts-based research methodologies. This article will present examples from the research whilst critically interrogating the possibilities of arts-based research contributing to an ongoing process of decolonising mental health practices in East Africa. The paper is focused on three dilemmas and learnings that occurred during the project; balancing the relationship between popular and progressive ideas in health care research, the complications of developing the 'art' in arts-based research and the inherent limitations of arts-based research in developing impact. I argue that arts-based research can effectively contribute to wider efforts of decolonising mental health by enabling participatory spaces to explore indigenous knowledge and lived experience. However, such efforts could be advanced if arts-based research engaged with systemic structures which enforce Global North practices and ignore culturally specific understandings of mental health.

Conceptualising praxis, agency and learning: A postabyssal exploration to strengthen the struggle over alternative futures

Educational researchers are increasingly striving on the edge of possibility to re-imagine and realise the future. Activist scholarship requires appropriate philosophical and theoretical bases, what Stetsenko refers to as ‘dangerous’ – useful in the struggle for a better world. How might praxis, agency and learning be charged with transgressive spirit? This paper considers the Theory of Practice Architectures and Transformative Activist Stance, established frameworks that dangerously address praxis, agency and learning. Adopting a postabyssal approach, contributions from the Global South and East are drawn on to develop an epistemologically plural basis for thinking differently about praxis, agency and learning. Recent Latin American scholarship reinvigorates Freirean ideas through connections with Fals Borda and contemporary feminist pedagogues, centred on a notion of feeling-thinking. Luitel’s interpretations of Vedic philosophy provide radically different ideas of negative dialectics, chaos, responsibility and liberation. An open-minded, open-hearted, open-ended approach is crucial to making these ideas more useful in the struggle over alternative, more equitable and just futures.

Where do we go from here? Reflections on the idea of progress in the history of geography

In this short commentary, I reflect on my experience of writing three progress reports on the history and philosophy of geography for Progress in Human Geography. In so doing, I consider the challenges of identifying commonalities and narrating progress in a sub-disciplinary specialism that is often characterised by diversity in its empirical and epistemological foci. I go on to propose three possible priorities for future work in the history of geography that, sitting alongside a wider cosmopolitan and decolonial agenda, are illustrative of the sorts of empirical and conceptual progress that might render future historiography more progressive and inclusive.

The political guidelines of the cadets in 1906 in the estimates of V. A. Maklakov

The article is dedicated to the representation of one of the leaders of the constitutional democratic party V. A. Maklakov about the main ideas of the Russian liberals in 1906, the period of work I the State Duma, the importance of interaction between government and society with the aim of strengthening the state and protection of the right to initiative. The interpretation by Maklakov circumstances of the growing popularity of the cadets in 1906 revealed its socio-political values: the state, establishing the legitimacy that ensure the integrity of the country; a person of interest in the rule of law, freedom, and prosperity; the constitutional rights of citizens and reasons for criticism of the cadets of the monarchy.

From Labor Sit-Downs to Civil Rights Sit-Ins: A Genealogy of Liberal Civil Disobedience

Abstract Liberal views of civil disobedience that emerged in the 1960s and ’70s can only be properly interpreted with recourse to the complicated history of the early civil rights movement's selective appropriation of the labor sit-downs of the 1930s. This essay addresses the messy but basically successful effort by civil rights sit-inners and the lawyers who defended them to circumvent the repressive state and legal response—especially the US Supreme Court ruling in National Labor Relations Board v. Fansteel Metallurgical Corporation (1939)—that the 1930s sit-downers garnered. My reexamination of the sit-ins places influential liberal ideas about civil disobedience in a fresh light. In his influential theory of civil disobedience, John Rawls mirrored key features of the politically and legally savvy strategy of delinking the lunch counter sit-ins from the workplace sit-downs. The result was a somewhat restrictive view of civil disobedience that sidelined matters of economic justice.

Operationalising Progressive Ideas About Property: Resilient Property, Scale, and Systemic Compromise

Property theory is at a crossroads. In recent decades, scholars seeking to advance progressive ideas about property have embraced ‘Progressive Property’ theories that seek to advance the goals of social justice and the common good, offering a vital counter-weight to utilitarian and neo-conservative accounts of property. Progressive Property theories seek to correct an imbalance in American property discourse which—across the temporal scale—has sustained a range of narratives and normative commitments, but which has veered towards extreme acquisitive individualism and the rhetoric of property absolutism since the 1970s. The idea that individual property rights are not absolute but defined by the requirements of social justice is uncontroversial in many European jurisdictions, reflecting their normative foundations in traditions of European social welfarism and Catholic social teaching. In Property Rights and Social Justice: Progressive Property in Action, Walsh foregrounds a system designed for normative hybridity, and evaluates the practical possibility of balancing commitments to social justice within a system that upholds private property rights.
 In this Article, we build on Walsh’s account to consider the implications of her insights for scholars seeking to advance progressive ideas about property in the U.S. context across three registers of scale: rhetorical, jurisdictional, and physical. Applying Resilient Property Theory (“RPT"), we reflect on how the dominance of rhetorical methods in the last half-century has foregrounded ideological conflicts between competing normative commitments in U.S. property scholarship, locating scholars seeking to advance progressive ideas about property on a battleground that has been prepared to benefit others. Building on Walsh’s approach of “widening the doctrinal lens,” we argue that RPT offers a new methodological toolkit for advancing progressive ideas about property: by widening the legal lens; widening the contextual lens; and widening the methodological lens. We argue that each of these approaches, as they engage with material and hierarchical scales, offers opportunities to identify and advocate for compromise positions between respect for private property rights and social justice considerations, enabling active political and legal engagement with normative diversity and respecting and taking seriously different legal conceptions of the good.

Considerations on Romanian Political Thought in The 19th Century

In the first half of the 19th century, Romanian political thought was strongly influenced by the significant changes that took place in Europe and by the national movements that began to emerge. The period was marked by struggles for independence and modernisation, and Romania was still under Ottoman rule, despite sporadic attempts to gain autonomy. Overall, the first half of the 19th century was a period of significant change and the emergence of ideas and movements that laid the foundations of the modern Romanian nation. Political thought during that period was marked by the struggle for autonomy, independence and modernisation, under the influence of progressive ideas circulating in Western Europe.

Laikmeta komentārs teātra valodā. Latviešu dramaturģija Rīgas Strādnieku teātra repertuārā: modernisma aspekti

The repertoire of the Riga Workers’ Theatre (1926–1934) reflected the trends of the time and leftist progressive ideas. City life as a nodal point of modern reality became inspiration and material for plays, poetry performances, dramatised feuilletons and interludes commenting on current events. The aesthetic programme of the theatre envisaged the creation of a peculiar sovereign artistic style, where the new dramaturgy played an important role. Topical and recently created works by contemporary authors were chosen for the repertoire with an emphasis on the search for novelty. In the first years, while the director was Roberts Dukurs, the dramaturge was Jānis Grots, then Arvīds Grigulis; after this function was taken over by the director Kārlis Dziļleja. The article aims to introduce the main principles of the Riga Workers’ Theatre repertoire policy, focusing on an overview of the contributions of Latvian authors. Rainis, Andrejs Upīts, and Pāvils Gruzna played a dominant role in the ideological decisions of the repertoire. A circle of progressive authors gathered around the theatre, creating a contemporary drama laboratory. Young authors Aleksandrs Čaks, Valdis Grēviņš, Fricis Rokpelnis, Jūlijs Vanags, and others experienced their first works on stage in this theatre. The research object is dramaturgical works and testimonies describing the productions – programme leaflets, reviews, reminiscences, etc. The article discusses innovative trends in drama and the expansion of the concept of dramaturgy to the dynamics of stage set, musical and choreographic action. As a result, the consistently executed repertory policy heralded a new type of drama programme by achieving a synthesis of contemporary content and new visual, musical and choreographic forms. The article concludes that creating innovative drama forms and genre experiments on the Riga Workers’ Theatre stage significantly contributed to the development of Latvian dramaturgy.

THE BULGARIAN SOCIALIST PARTY ON THE PATH TO DE-EUROPEANIZATION

The article's main purpose is to shed light on the Euroscepticism of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) and its shifting identity towards European issues, liberal democracy, and in terms of party organization during the last decade. More than twenty years ago, the successor of the former Bulgarian Communist Party managed to achieve a difficult (and, it turns out, superficial) Europeanisation and Social-democratization. BSP supported the country's accession to the EU and the integration in NATO. Now, the party is identifiable as a pro-Russian actor, opposed to the Istanbul convention, spreading conservatism, and hysteria against the so called "gender ideology," fighting against economic neo-liberalism but also liberal ideas. The Russian war against Ukraine significantly impacted domestic politics and the structure of party competition, revitalizing the historic divide between pro-Russian and pro-Western camps. Isolated, the BSP lost its position as a major party of government and embraced anti-establishment and protest-party profile. The main research questions address the essence of the BSP's ethnonationalist and conservative turn, and its hybrid interpretations of "national interest" and "patriotism" in its discourses and documents. Special attention is paid to the BSP's positions towards the war in Ukraine. Our main approach is grounded on the path dependency theory and on the supply and demand sides of the fragmented party system.

Sieyès’s idea of constituent power: a moderate and illiberal idea of sovereignty in the French revolution

ABSTRACT Moderation and liberalism are different and in some cases antagonistic concepts. In recent years, the view that Sieyès’s idea of constituent power is a moderate and liberal rendering of sovereignty has gained acceptance in intellectual history and constitutional theory literature. This claim is based on the premise that radical and illiberal readers of Rousseau’s idea of sovereignty, such as Robespierre and the Jacobins, were opposed to representing the general will (volonté générale). Thus, constituent power as the exercise of power by extraordinary representatives to draft a constitution would be a liberal attempt at political moderation in the French revolution. In contrast to this liberal reading, my analysis shows that Sieyès’s idea of constituent power is an illiberal attempt at political moderation. Against moderate liberal theories, constituent power demands that the extraordinary representatives of the constituent assembly must will, deliberate, and act as if they were the people themselves. These representatives have absolute powers and the mandate to create a constitution but also the imperative to perceive and mirror the sovereign will. From a political theory approach, I conclude that constituent power is not a liberal idea but a key notion of moderate illiberalism that prevailed during the French Revolution.