Economic Ideas Research Articles

Crouching beliefs, hidden biases: The rise and fall of growth narratives

The debate among economists about an optimal growth recipe has been the subject of competing “narratives.” We identify-four major growth narratives using the text analytics of IMF country reports over 1978–2019. The narrative “Economic Structure”—services, manufacturing, and agriculture—has been on a secular decline overshadowed by the “Structural Reforms”—competitiveness, transparency, and governance. We observe the rise and fall of the “Washington Consensus”—privatization and liberalization—and the rise to dominance of the “Washington Constellation,” a collection of many disparate terms such as productivity, tourism, and inequality. We interpret these changes through the lens of a nexus of the changing pool of economic ideas, the power structure within organizations, and the shocks that trigger a shift of narratives and their translation into policies.

РАЗВИТИЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ КРЕАТИВНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ САХА (ЯКУТИЯ) НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ

Creativity as one of the key competencies of the 21st century opens up almost limitless opportunities in the search for unique non-standard and innovative solutions in our constantly changing world. Th e most important component of innovative development is the creative economy, the foundations of which are cultural resources and creativity. In recent years, the creative economy has become a kind of mainstream in the processes of transformation of socio-economic systems. It contributes to the disclosure of the creative potential of a particular region, the building of mechanisms in it to support creative initiatives. Today, in many countries of the world, the development of the creative sector of the economy is a state priority. Th e United Nations has declared 2021 the International Year of the Creative Economy for Sustainable Development. In Russia, there is also great interest in this topic at all levels of government. Two years ago, a Concept was adopted for the development of creative industries and mechanisms for their state support in large and largest urban agglomerations until 2030. Th e relevant federal draft law is currently being developed. Th is article analyzes the experience of practical application of the ideas of the creative economy in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), recognized as the most creative region in 2022 by the results of the National Award in the field of creative industries Russian Creative Awards. The author identifi es the features, problems and prospects for the development of a new sector of the economy using the method of literature analysis, the method of generalization, comparative analysis, etc. The author of the article believes that if a number of conditions are met, the experience of Yakutia can be scaled in many other regions of the Russian Federation seeking to realize their creative potential, diversify the economy and reduce industry dependence.

Utilization of Fly Ash from Lignite Combustion in Materials Sealing Hydro-Technical Structures

In Poland, approximately 2 million hectares of agricultural land are at risk of flooding, which constitutes approximately 7% of the country’s area, half of which is protected by flood embankments. The total length of the embankments is approximately 8.5 thousand km. kilometers. The age of the embankments and their related technical condition, as well as insufficient funds allocated for maintenance and renovation, mean that the flood risk in the areas protected by the embankments is higher than would result from the geometric parameters of the embankments and floods assumed for their design. The need to renovate embankments, including their sealing, causes an increase in interest in new technological and material solutions, and it is expected that these solutions will be pro-ecological: low-emission and consistent with the idea of a circular economy. The research was aimed at presenting the possibility of using fly ash from lignite combustion (low-rank coal) in Pątnów Power Plant, in raw form and fractions separated from it. The article presents the method of preparation and properties of hardening slurries containing mineral by-products of coal combustion. The tests showed the usefulness of the fly ashes used as the main component of hardening slurries. Additionally, a beneficial effect of the fine fraction (0–30 μm) of fly ash on the properties of the slurry, especially on tightness and hydraulic conductivity, was found.

Wartime in the history of economic thought: episodes in European history

The paper is concerned with war in the history of economic thought. It looks at disputes about abstraction versus historicism over the long 19th century, in relation to war and the state. It then looks at the historical setting in which Léon Walras and others developed their ideas of political economy. It concludes with reflections on the presence or absence of the state in modern economic history.

Performance evaluation of microbial fuel cell fabricated using green nano-graphene oxide as coating anode material

AbstractA dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) was fabricated and optimized for electricity generation. Titanium wire, graphite rod, and carbon cloth supported on stainless steel mesh were the best current collector, anode, and cathode electrode materials, respectively. To enhance the efficacy of the system, carbon-based materials in nano-scale (nanocarbonized materials) were prepared from pomegranate peel waste at different hydrothermal temperatures (300, 500, and 700 oC), and were used as anode coating material. The synthesized coating materials were characterized using EDX, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, fluorescence, UV, and XPS analyses. Data showed that nanocarbonized material prepared at 500 oC exhibited high surface area (682 m2/g), high pore size (122 nm), and indicated the presence of graphene oxide (GO) structure. The electrochemical behavior of MFC was monitored by cyclic voltammetry and impedance measurements. Results revealed that the anode coated with GO provided high MFC performance with a maximum voltage of around 1000 mV, and a maximum current of 0.1 mA, corresponding to a maximum power density of 12.46 W/m2, which is 2.85-fold higher than that of a cell with a free graphite plate as an anode. Furthermore, the large charge transfer resistance and the low diffusive resistance observed upon coating the anode demonstrated the anode is functioning as a capacitor. The reported results proposed graphene oxide prepared from pomegranate peels as a novel coating anode material prepared from waste sustaining the idea of green curricular economy

Actualization of Economic Ideas of P.A. Kropotkin in the 21st Century

Kropotkin, thanks to his encyclopedic knowledge, was able to create a whole body of works, laying a comprehensive scientific foundation for anarchism and studying possible ways of practical implementation of anarchist ideas. Kropotkin’s economic ideas were kept in secret for a long time and were inaccessible to the Russian reader. Now, Kropotkin’s books stir constant and increasing interest among domestic economists. The relevance and prospects of Kropotkin’s approach to understanding the importance of mutual assistance in the economy, his research on ethics and collaboration, are highly appreciated. With the development of digital technologies, Kropotkin’s ideas about voluntary collaboration and altruism are being embodied in the practice of networking. Kropotkin’s views on the shortcomings of public administration, on the importance of cooperation and self-sufficiency of regions, on the perniciousness of specialization and division of labor are becoming particularly relevant today. It is necessary to note the importance of Kropotkin’s Siberian work experience in the formation of his worldview and teaching. It can be stated that Kropotkin returns to us as an actual thinker and economist, and his ideas about mutual aid, cooperation, community federations, regional independence, interregional collaboration, etc. will be increasingly in demand by both scientists and practitioners of social and economic management.

Regenerative economy: A pathway to a future-ready, sustainable Africa

ABSTRACT Africa is experiencing a period of rapid economic growth, booming population, and migration as biodiversity is deteriorating and the climate is warming. Together, these represent grand societal and environmental challenges. The African Union and the United Nations both promote sustainable development, in which society and nature flourish as the economy progresses. However, achieving this goal is not self-evident. We discuss the concept of regenerative economy and propose it as a path forward for the African context. We identify three levers of action evident in Africa that promote the idea of regenerative economy: clean innovation in technology and business models, leapfrogging through decentralized communication and energy systems, and leveraging African values of horizontal collectivism. We present some case examples of how this can and does work but highlight that achieving regenerative economy en masse depends on scaling up business models, effective governance structures, and capacity building in Africa. If implemented correctly, regenerative economy can offer pathways to a future-ready, sustainable Africa.

Global trends in waste materials: A bibliometric analysis

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of international waste management trends through bibliometric and scientific investigation, with the goal of identifying the most significant and productive authors, works, sources, and countries. The analysis utilized tools such as Biblioshiny with R Studio and VoSviewer software. A carefully designed methodology, involving keyword search, exclusion and inclusion criteria, and relevance and validity tests, was employed to select and analyse 162 articles using content analysis method.The most relevant authors, articles, journals and countries impacting waste management studies are identified. The intellectual structure of the research emphasizes the significance of efficient waste management techniques, circular economy ideas, environmental laws, and sustainable development, particularly in underdeveloped nations. Research on certain topics like “Biodiversity,” “Air Pollution,” and “Drinking Water” were consistently popular over time, while others like “Plutonium” and “Acidification” had intermittent spikes in interest. Thematic mapping analysis reveals three distinct themes: motor theme focuses on human-environment interactions for sustainable development, niche theme centres on monitoring plastic pollution's impact on non-human environments, and basic theme highlights recycling and waste management for a circular economy. A theoretical framework of waste management which encompasses environmental studies, the circular economy, environmental regulations, and sustainable development is developed based on the themes identified from the study. Conclusions are drawn and Future research directions are proposed.

The Contributions of Dr. Ambedkar in the field of Economics

Dr. Ambedkar was a development and welfare economist who had a vision for the for the welfare of the masses. His contributions as an economist remained unnoticed. His economic ideas are well expressed in his master pieces on Economics. He focused on varied measures for economic development and welfare of the masses. The present paper is an attempt to understand the economic ideas of Dr. B.R. Ambdekar. The analysis is based on his books, papers and speeches. His biggest strength was his vision regarding establishment of a happy and progressive society. He discussed all real major impediment and tried to provide the possible solutions for development of Indian economy. His views on public finance including fiscal system, centre state relations, monetary system, exchange rate system, agriculture, industry and various development issues like khoti system, agriculture, industry, poverty, surplus labour, unemployment reflect the brilliant mind of an economist.

INSTITULIZATION AND TRANSFORMATION POLITECONOMIC DOGMA IN THE USSR (1950S-MID 1970S): FROM THE HISTORY OF SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT

The article examines the transformation of political economic dogmas, the evolution of Soviet political economy and the institutionalization of Soviet economic and mathematical research. Historical analysis of the transformation of political economic ideas was carried out on the basis of institutional theory. The main political economic dogmas were generalized and systematized - norms on the construction of socialism, on commodity production of a special kind, on the limited operation of the law of value under socialism, on planning as an objective law of socialism, on economic-mathematical methods as an anti-Marxist direction, on the need to «uproot petty-bourgeois theories» and confront Western science. New institutional ideas about the stages and content of the transition to a market economy are also analyzed. The role of economists in the institutionalization of the «theory of economic mechanism» and the institutional role of V.S. Nemchinov, Kantorovich, Novozhilov in the development of economic and mathematical calculations. The acute theoretical struggle within Soviet political economy is shown. The mechanism of party and state pressure on the staff of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute is revealed. The contradictions and difficulties in the development of the first government programs for the transition to a planned market economy are explored.

Conjunctural geographies of the economy in Isabella Weber’s How China Escaped Shock Therapy

This contribution frames Isabella Weber’s How China Escaped Shock Therapy as an opportunity for geographers to theoretically and methodologically engage with a growing literature on the intellectual histories of economics. I draw out three key themes in the book that provide entry points for geographical theorizing. First, Weber understands economic knowledge to be shaped not solely by its original context but by the historical-geographical trajectories and mobilities of its producers and consumers; second, she traces the institutional processes through which economic ideas re-emerge across time and space, offering key intellectual resources for dealing with context-specific governance dilemmas and economic problems; and third, her granular accounts of elite-intellectual contestation offer a way to reveal complexity and contradiction on the inside of dominant economic-geographical imaginaries. The book is a conjunctural historical geography of China’s economy, which is both empirically specific and theoretically-general.

Political Economy for Hispanic America: José Joaquín de Mora as a Bridge between Continents (1825–43)

In the early nineteenth century, the gradual transformation of Spain's former American territories into new independent republics required redefining their political and economic frameworks. This process demanded economic reforms, policies, and institutional changes based on the ideas of the Enlightenment and liberalism that fueled a transatlantic flow of political and economic ideas from Europe to the new republics. This article examines the crucial contribution of the Spanish economist José Joaquín de Mora to this migration of ideas. His main achievement was an institutional and economic agenda for the Republic of Chile based on classical political economy and adapted to the new republic's economic, political, and social environment. The primary economic growth process, which Mora also considered appropriate for the rest of the newly created American republics, was the result of a long and successive building process, which the research also tackles.

Endüstriyel Parkların Eko-Endüstriyel Parklara Dönüşümünde Devletin Rolünün Analizi

This study analyses the transformation of industrial parks to eco-industrial parks from a new institutionalist theoretical perspective. The worsening climate crisis has made the existing Linear Economic (LE) system dysfunctional; thus, a need for systemic change has emerged across the globe. As a result of this need, the idea of Circular Economy (CE) has gained popularity. The CE particularly aims to replace the linearity in economic actions originating from the LE’s “take-make-use-dispose” logic with the circularity of economic actions constructed through a “recycle-reuse-reduce” logic. At this point, the transformation of industrial parks to eco-industrial parks in line with the CE principles constitutes a useful case to see how the idea of the CE can be institutionalized. The study argues that the market actors cannot effectively initiate this transformation due to their short-run interest calculations and path-dependence on the existing LE system. On the other hand, the state with its strong institutional power could play a catalyst role accelerating this transformation process. In particular, the state could provide regulative, financial, technological, and societal network support to the market actors to deal with their dependence on the LE system. However, the state should become entrepreneurial, but not interventionist in this process. It should have a horizontal governance approach and put infrastructural help, communication, networks and learning at the centre. This means that the state should become a path-opener but not the dominator of the mentioned transformation process. Therefore, rather than obsessive ideological debates over the state versus the market, the focal point should be the proper functionality of the state and market in the establishment of a sustainable circular system to cope with the worsening climate crisis.

Circular Supply Chain Network Design for E-Commerce

There is a growing attention in circular economy through researchers, enterprises and goverments. The idea of circular economy is not to give any harm to enviroment while using material till end of its life and keeping it as much as possible in the cycle. From this point of view, to keep the material in cycle might be possible with a well-designed logistics infrastructure. In this study, the small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) that make sales through e-commerce and the way of handling e-commerce returns are brought forward. The case study created for footware industry in Istanbul and a network design is proposed. Afterwards, a linear programming is used to calculated to minimize cost. This study gives a clear and simple solution for SMEs to minimize the cost for handling return products while keeping the returns in the cycle.

'Māori tourism and a post-growth economy'

A post-growth economy is a comparatively new paradigm in the tourism discourse. The aim of this article is to find out the commonalities between this concept and Māori tourism and in which way the latter can contribute to a post-growth economy. A qualitative mixed method approach, including in-depth-interviews, participant observation, and secondary analysis is applied. The results show that there is a lot of overlap between Māori tourism and a post-growth economy. Differences are visible, as well, regarding the value approach of Māori tourism and the indicator approach of a post-growth economy. Especially the social innovation created in Aotearoa New Zealand at the instigation of Māori groups of granting legal personhood to parts of nature may serve as a driver for a form of tourism that is in line with the idea of a post-growth economy.

Agricultural economic concept toward earthquake and tsunami in Simeulue Island

The agricultural economic concept comprises research and education, smallholder and rural development, project planning and administration, as well as the formulation, planning, and analysis of macro-level policies. This study was out to explain the agricultural economic theory behind project management and planning on Simeulue Island. This study used an ethnographic approach and a qualitative paradigm. The information was gathered through audio-visual recordings, in-depth interviews with Simeuluenese, and other sources. Gathering information from Simeuluense about characteristic plants that have promise as food resources, especially the major food, was the first step in developing an agricultural economic framework. The next step is to determine the connection between Simeulue island’s readiness for mitigation and the agricultural economic idea. The concept is then categorized by making an effort to grow and cultivate a typical plant. Moreover, food processing for food preservation is to be developed for the food resource. As an agricultural concept, sustainability and food security are essential regarding preservation in facing mitigation, especially for a disaster such as an earthquake or tsunami of an island which needs much time to have aid from overseas to survive on the barrier island.

Why Restrict Emigration: Autocrats’ Economic Ideas in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan

Why Restrict Emigration: Autocrats’ Economic Ideas in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan

Dam failure environmental standards in China based on ecosystem service value

Dam failure risk standards are the foundation of risk decision-making for dam managers. However, as an important component of dam failure risk standards, there are currently no unified environmental risk standards. Drawing on research ideas of ecological economics on ecosystem service values and equivalent factor methods, this study quantified environmental values and effectively connected environmental standards with existing standards using the ALARP principle and the F-N curve. Considering the differences in environmental and economic conditions in different regions, a risk preference matrix was constructed to determine the risk preference of each region and formulate the dam failure environmental risk standards for China. This study presents a preliminary exploration of the formulation of dam failure environmental risk standards, providing new methods and ideas for subsequent research.

Waste management without direction in Indonesia: a proposed legal reform towards smart cities

This article delves into the regulation of municipal solid waste management (MSW) in Indonesia, viewed from the concepts of smart city and circular economy. The legal politics of Law Number 18 of 2008 on Waste Management has been restricted to the concept of 3Rs: reduce, reuse, and recycle. The idea of a circular economy refers to the principle of 10 Rs, consisting of refuse, rethink, reduce, reuse, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose, recycle, and recover. The concept of circular economy is believed to be essential to achieving the decarbonization goals mandated by the Paris Agreement. With a socio-legal approach, this research examines to what extent Waste Management Law can serve as the basis for implementing a circular economy in municipal areas. This research reveals that the concept of a circular economy has yet to be applied to manage waste in a municipal scope. Circular economy-based smart cities in MSW management can only be achieved through adequate facilities and changes in people’s behaviour. However, it is still questionable whether the Municipal Government is fully obliged to manage household waste because the Waste Management Law is silent on this matter but clearly states the community’s obligation to reduce and handle household waste as a waste producer. The division of waste-handling tasks also exacerbates this in several agencies, which, in practice, creates confusion for society. Hence, legal reforms are needed to reconcile the conflicting problems.

Analisa Pemahaman Masyarakat terhadap Ekonomi Syariah

The lack of academic or professional outreach from related institutions, the existence of Islamic Financial Institutions (LKS) does not necessarily play an active role. Not to mention the lack of knowledge of Islamic economics in society, which encourages public perception that the Islamic and Western economic systems are equal. Even though there are many LKS in the area, people's understanding of Islamic economics is still very minimal. This case study was carried out partly because of the concern of the residents of Pangulah Selatan hamlet. The purpose of this research is to increase public awareness and understanding of the fundamental ideas of Islamic economics, support local community economic development, and protect against usury debt (including loan sharks). The author's research methodology is qualitative.